Table Of Content124 Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Edited by Peter Fulde
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Budapest
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Santa Clara
Singapore
Tokyo
Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Editors: M. Cardona P. Fulde K. von Klitzing H.-J. Queisser
Managing Editor: H. K.V. Lotsch Volumes 1-89 are listed at the end of the book
90 Earlier and Recent Aspects 108 Site Symmetry in Crystals
of Superconductivity Theory and Applications 2nd Edition
Editors: J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Muller By R. A. Evarestov and V. P. Smirnov
91 Electronic Properties of Conjugated 109 Transport Phenomena in Mesoscopic
Polymers III Basic Models and Applications Systems Editors: H. Fukuyama and T. Ando
Editors: H. Kuzmany. M. Mehring. and S. Roth 110 Superlattices and Other Heterostructures
92 Physics and Engineering Applications of Symmetry and Optical Phenomena 2nd Edition
Magnetism Editors: Y. Ishikawa and N. Miura By E. L. Ivchenko and G. E. Pikus
93 Quasicrystals Editors: T. Fujiwara and T. Ogawa III Low-Dimensional Electronic Systems
94 Electronic Conduction in Oxides New Concepts
By N. Tsuda. K. Nasu. A. Yanase. and K.Siratori Editors: G. Bauer. F. Kuchar. and H. Heinrich
95 Electronic Materials 112 Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII
A New Era in MaterialsScience Editors: M. Meissner and R. O. Pohl
Editors: J. R. Chelikowsky and A. Franciosi 113 Electronic Properties
96 Electron Liquids 2nd Edition By A. Isihara of High-Tc Superconductors
Editors: H. Kuzmany. M. Mehring. and J. Fink
97 Localization and Confinement of Electrons
in Semiconductors 114 Interatomic Potential and Structural Stability
Editors: F. Kuchar. H. Heinrich. and G. Bauer Editors: K. Terakura and H. Akai
98 Magnetism and the Electronic Structure of 115 Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors
Crystals By V.A. Gubanov. A. I. Liechtenstein. and Semiconductor Nanostructures By J. Shah
and A.V. Postnikov I 16 Electron Spectrum of Gapless Semiconductors
99 Electronic Properties of High· Tc By J. M. Tsidilkovski
Superconductors and Related Compounds 117 Electronic Properties of Fullerenes
Editors: H. Kuzmany. M. Mehring. and J. Fink Editors: H. Kuzmany. J. Fink. M. Mehring.
and S. Roth
100 Electron Correlations in Molecules
and Solids 3rd Edition By P. Fulde I 18 Correlation Effects
in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems
101 High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor
Editors: A. Okiji and N. Kawakami
Physics III Quantum Hall Effect. Transport
and Optics By G. Landwehr 119 Spectroscopy of Mott Insulators
and Correlated Metals
102 Conjugated Conducting Polymers
Editors: A. Fujimori and Y. Tokura
Editor: H. Kiess
120 Optical Properties of 111-V Semiconductors
103 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
The Influence of Multi-Valley Band Structures
Editor: F. Yonezawa
By H. Kalt
104 Products of Random Matrices
121 Elementary Processes in Excitations
in Statistical Physics By A. Crisanti.
and Reactions on Solid Surfaces
G. Paladin. and A.Vulpiani
Editors: A. Okiji. H. Kasai. and K. Makoshi
105 Self· Trapped Excitons
122 Theory of Magnetism
2nd Edition By K. S. Song and R. T. Williams
By K. Yosida
106 Physics of High.T emperature
123 Quantum Kinetics in Transport and Optics
Superconductors
of Semiconductors
Editors: S. Maekawa and M. SaID
By H. Haug and A.-P. Jauho
107 Electronic Properties of Polymers
124 Relaxations of Excited States and Photo
Orientation and Dimensionality
Induced Structural Phase Transitions
of Conjugated Systems Editors: H. Kuzmany.
Editor: K. Nasu
M. Mehring. and S. Roth
K. Nasu (Ed.)
Relaxations
of Excited States
and Photo-Induced
Phase Transitions
Proceedings of the
19th Taniguchi Symposium
Kashikojima, Japan, July 18-23, 1996
With 135 Figures
Springer
Professor Keiichiro Nasu
Photon Factory, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
I-I, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Series Editors:
Professor Dr., Ores. h. c. Manuel Cardona
Professor Dr., Ores. h. c. Peter Fulde*
Professor Dr., Ores. h. c. Klaus von Klitzing
Professor Dr., Ores. h. c. Hans-Joachim Queisser
Max·Planck-Institut fiir Festkiirperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1,0-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
* Max-Planck-Institut ftir Physik komplexer Systeme, Bayreuther Strasse 40, Haus 16
0-01187 Dresden, Germany
Managing Editor:
Dr.-Ing. Helmut K.V. Lotsch
Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17,0-69121 Heidelberg, Germany
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Relaxations of excited states and photo Induced structural
phase transitions: proceedings of the 19th Taniguchi
Symposium, Kashikojima, Japan, July 18 - 23, 19961 K. Nasu
(ed.). - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Budapest;
Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore;
Tokyo: Springer, 1997
(Springer series in solid-state sciences; 124)
ISBN-l3:978-3-642-64516-7 e-ISBN-l3:978-3-642-60702-8
DOl: 10 .1007/978-3-642-60702 -8
NE: Na~u, Keiichiro [Hrsg.l; Taniguchi International Symposium <19,
1996, Kashikojima>; GT
ISSN 0171-1873
ISBN -13: 978-3-642-64516-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997
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Foreword
Message from The Taniguchi Foundation
Dr. Kanamori, Distinguished Guests and Friends:
The Taniguchi Foundation wishes to welcome the participants of the nine
teenth International Symposium on the Theory of Condensed Matter, who have
come from within this country and from different parts of the world.
The concept of the symposium is unique in that participants, both Japanese
and from abroad, are limited in number to small discussion groups, and live
together, although for a short period, as a close-knit community. We feel that
this kind of environment will assist towards the strengthening of understanding
and the fostering of friendship among the attendees.
It is easy to talk about, but difficult to realize, the ideal of international
friendship and understanding in a world which is steadily growing smaller.
So far, the Foundation has invited a total of 149 participants in this division
from 24 foreign countries and 299 participants from Japan. And we are all
friends.
We hope and trust that even after they have reached the heights of academic
fame during the coming decades, the participants will continue to join forces and
help to forge closer bonds of friendship and cooperation that will make major
contributions not only to academia, but also towards world peace and the welfare
of mankind.
We hope that all the participants will return home with warm memories of
both this symposium and the pleasant times that we have shared.
Thank you.
Kyoto Japan, Tile Taniguclli Foundation
July 23, 1996
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Preface
This volume contains 28 papers presented at the Nineteenth Taniguchi Sympo
sium on the Theory of Condensed Matter, which was held during 18-23 July
1996 at Shima-Kanko Hotel in Kashikojima, Mie-prefecture, Japan. The topics
of the symposium was "Relaxations of Excited States and Photo-Induced Struc
tural Phase Transitions".
As is already well known, an electron in an insulating solid induces a local
lattice distortion around itself when it is excited by a photon. This phenomenon,
called "lattice relaxation" of an optical excitation, has been studied in various
kinds of insutating solids for the past fourty years. According to the original
concept of the lattice relaxation process, however, it is tacitly assumed to be a
microscopic phenomenon, in the sense that only a few atoms and electrons are
involved.
In recent years, on the other hand, there have appeared various unconvention
ally photo-active materials, in which the relaxations of optically excited states
result in collective motions or drastic structural changes, involving a large number
of atoms and electrons. In some cases, this results in a semi-macroscopic excited
domain with a new lattice structure quite different from the original material.
This situation can be called "photo-induced structural phase transition".
The aim of this symposium was to discuss this new problem from the view
points of both material science and solid-state spectroscopy. Phenomena within
the scope of this conference are as follows.
• Optical excitations, lattice relaxations and photo-induced phenomena in CHx,
polydiacetylene, M-X chains, BaBa03' La2Cu04 and other perovskites.
• Optical properties of the C crystal and photo-induced polymerization.
60
• Self-trapped excitons, polarons, solitons and other nonlinear photo-excitations
various insulators.
• Neutral-ionic transitions of organic charge-transfer salts
• Photo-induced structural changes in semiconductors and amorphous materials.
In order to avoid hurried and superficial discussions, the total number of par
ticipants in the symposium was limited to 28 (10 foreign guests) and a sufficiently
long time was allocated for each talk in an informal and relaxed atmosphere, so
that we can attain a deep mutual understanding. This is the original intention of
the Taniguchi Symposium.
VII
The present symposium was fully supported by the Taniguchi Foundation,
which has also supported the other 18 symposia of this type. The basic idea
of the symposia was developed by Mr. Toyosaburo Taniguchi, one of the most
out-standing entrepreneurs in Japan, who regrettably passed away two years ago.
On behalf of all the participants of this symposium, I would like to cordially
thank the Taniguchi Foundation for its support to make this symposium possible.
Tsukuba Japan, Keiichiro Nasu
September 12, 1996
VIII
Contents
Part I General Theory for Photo-Induced Phase Transitions
Multistabilities of the Ground States, Proliferations of Excitons
and Photo-Induced Structural Phase Transitions
By K. Nasu (With 9 Figures) .............................. 3
The Instabilities of Excitons in Defonnable Lattice
and the Photo-Induced Phase Transition
By Y. Toyozawa (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Hierarchy of Fonnation of Nanometer Clusters and Periodic Defect
Defonnational Structures in Solids Under the Action of Laser Beam
By V.I. Emel'yanov (With 2 Figures) ........................ 25
Photo-Induced Structure Changes
of Quasi-one-dimensional Organic Crystals
By E. Hanamura (With 4 Figures) ........................... 34
Mean-Field Theory of Photo-Induced Structural Phase Transitions
By T. Ogawa and N. Nagaosa (With 3 Figures) ................. 45
Part II Optical Excitations and Photo-Induced Phenomena in
BaBi03, La2Cu04 and Other Perovskites
Spectroscopic Study of a 3d Peierls Insulator in BaBi03
By H. Uwe (With 2 Figures) .............................. 55
Evidence of Polaronic Defonnations in High Tc Materials
Observed by Photo-Induced IR Absorption
and Photo-Induced XAS
By G. Ruani and C. Taliani (With 5 Figures) ................... 63
Part III Optical Excitations, Lattice Relaxations and Photo
Induced Phenomena in M-X Chains
Relaxation Processes of Photo-Excited States in Wide-Gap MX Chain
By Y. Wada, N. Matsushita, and M. Yamashita (With 6 Figures) . . . . .. 75
Solitons, Polarons and Excitons in MX Chains
By H. Okamoto (With 7 Figures) ........................... 83
IX
Lattice Relaxations Yielding Nonlinear Excitations
in Photo-Excited MX Chains
By Ko Iwano (With 10 Figures) 92
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Part IV Optical Excitations, Lattice Relaxations and Photo
Induced Phenomena in Polymers
Domain-Wall Dynamics of Photo-Induced Phase Transition
in Polydiacetylene Single Crystals
By So Koshihara, Ko Akimoto, Yo Tokura, Ko Takeda, and To Koda
(With 8 Figures) 105
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dynamics of Excitons in Polymer Solids
By So Abe (With 4 Figures) 113
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lattice Relaxation of Photo-Excited States in Conjugated Polymers
By Guo-Zhong Wen and Wu-Pei Su (With 7 Figures) 121
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Part V Neutral-Ionic Transitions in Charge-Transfer Salts
Structural Properties, Dynamics and Pressure Effects
at the Neutral-to-Ionic Transition
By Ho Cailleau, Mo Le Cointe, and MoHo Lemee-Cailleau
(With 4 Figures) 133
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Neutral-to-Ionic Transformation as Condensation
and Solidification of Charge-Transfer Excitations
By To Luty (With 2 Figures) 142
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Optical and Related Properties of Organic Charge-Transfer Crystals:
An Overview of Experimental Results
By To Koda (With 7 Figures) 151
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Theory of the Neutral-to-Ionic Transition
of Quasi-one-dimensional Charge-Transfer Compounds
By To Iizuka-Sakano and Yo Toyozawa (With 5 Figures) 160
Part VI Nonlinear Excitations in Charge-Transfer Salts
Exciton Strings and Exciton Mediated Carrier Transport
in a Quasi-one-dimensional Organic Charge-Transfer Crystal
By Mo Kuwata-Gonokami (With 5 Figures) 171
00 000 000 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Photophysics of Charge-Transfer Solids and 7r-Conjugated Polymers
By Mo Chandross, Fo Guo, Yo Shimoi, and So Mazumdar
(With 5 Figures) 181
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x
