Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years after Einstein in Prague

583 Pages·2014·12.78 MB·English

by  Jiří Bičák

Springer Proceedings in Physics 157
Jiří Bičák
Tomáš Ledvinka Editors
Relativity
and
Gravitation
100 Years After Einstein in Prague
Springer Proceedings in Physics
Volume 157
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/361
Jiˇrí Bicˇák Tomáš Ledvinka
•
Editors
Relativity and Gravitation
100 Years After Einstein in Prague
123
Editors
JiˇríBicˇák
TomášLedvinka
Faculty ofMathematics and Physics
Charles University
Prague
Czech Republic
ISSN 0930-8989 ISSN 1867-4941 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-06760-5 ISBN 978-3-319-06761-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06761-2
Springer ChamHeidelberg New YorkDordrecht London
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014939531
(cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014
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Preface
A few days before leaving Prague, after 15 months spent at the German part of
Charles-Ferdinand University, Albert Einstein submitted a paper titled Relativity
andGravitation.ReplytoaCommentbyM.Abraham.ItwasreceivedbyAnnalen
der Physik on July 4, 1912. Stimulated by Abraham’s criticism, Einstein sum-
marized the contemporary state of his relativistic theory of gravitation and,
remarkably, anticipated what a future theory of gravity should look like.
The organizers of the conference ‘‘Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years After
Einstein in Prague,’’ held in Prague on June 25–29, 2012, were inspired by the
title,date,andsignificanceofthislastofEinstein’sPraguepapers.Theaimofthe
conferencewastoreviewthepresentstatusofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity(both
classical and quantum)and its applications incosmology and astrophysics from a
broad perspective. The articles based on the plenary lectures are published in a
separate volume General Relativity, Cosmology and Astrophysics: Perspectives
100 Years After Einstein’s stay in Prague (Springer 2014). The titles and the
abstracts of these review talks are included in these Proceedings in the first
chapter. The second aim of the conference was to present the newest results in
each of the fields mentioned above. These were presented in afternoon sessions
consisting of contributed talks and posters. This Proceedings Volume contains
such contributions. For a better overview, they are divided into three parts:
• Classical General Relativity
• Quantum Fields and Quantum Gravity
• Cosmology and Relativistic Astrophysics
Within each of these parts, first articles based on the contributed talks are
presented in alphabetical order, then follow articles based on the poster
presentations.
Over 200 relativists and astrophysicists from 31 countries appeared in Prague.
Theabstractsoftheirtalksandposters,andvideorecordingsofallinvitedlectures
are available on the conference website http://www.ae100prg.mff.
cuni.cz.
The conference was organized under the auspices of the Rector of Charles
University,theoldestuniversitynorthoftheAlps(foundedin1348).Thelectures
took place in the Blue Lecture Hall in the historical complex of the University in
the heart of Prague’s Old Town.
v
vi Preface
The Scientific Organizing Committee included Marek Abramowicz, Lars
Andersson, Abhay Ashtekar, Julian Barbour, Jiˇrí Bicˇák, Roger Blandford, Bernd
Brügmann, Piotr Chrus´ciel, Thibault Damour, Karsten Danzmann, Fernando de
Felice, George Ellis, John Friedman, Helmut Friedrich, Valeri Frolov, Gary
Gibbons,GaryHorowitz,JosephKatz,KarelKucharˇ,JerzyLewandowski,Gernot
Neugebauer,HermannNicolai,IgorNovikov,MartinRees,OscarReula,Luciano
Rezzolla, Misao Sasaki, Gerhard Schäfer, Bernd Schmidt, Alexei Starobinsky,
Paul Tod, Robert Wald, and Clifford Will.
The local organizing committee involved Jiˇrí Bicˇák, Michal Bursa, Petr
Hadrava, David Heyrovsky´, Vladimír Karas, David Kofronˇ, Pavel Krtouš, Jirˇí
Langer, Tomáš Ledvinka, Jirˇí Podolsky´, Vojteˇch Pravda, Oldrˇich Semerák,
Zdeneˇk Stuchlík, Otakar Svítek, Václav Špicˇka, and Martin Zˇofka, all of them
either researchers from the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Faculty of
MathematicsandPhysicsofCharlesUniversityorformerstudentsoftheFaculty.
TheprogramoftheconferenceincludedaceremonyintheGreatAuditoriumof
the historical Carolinum building, during which the honorary degree of Doctor of
Physical and Mathematical Sciences, doctor honoris causa, was awarded to
Prof. D. Lynden-Bell, FRS from the University of Cambridge and to Prof. Dr.
W. Domcke from Technical University Munich. A reception for all participants
andaccompanyingpersonswashostedbytheDeanoftheFacultyofMathematics
andPhysicsofCharlesUniversityinthefoyernexttoAulaMagna.Thereception
was followed by an impressive concert by Škampa Quartett performing pieces by
Haydn, Dvorˇák, Suk, and Janácˇek in Aula Magna.
During theconferenceweek,theparticipantscouldvisit anadjacent exhibition
‘‘Einstein, Prague and Gravitation’’ prepared by Czech physicists and historians
and significantly enriched by the ‘‘Einstein-Wellen Mobil,’’ a mobile exhibition
about gravitational waves brought from Tübingen by Dr. Hans-Peter Nollert. The
exhibition was opened 10 days before the beginning of the conference and was
visited by a great number of people, in particular by secondary school pupils.
On Wednesday, June 26, a public evening talk ‘‘Was Einstein right?—How
cosmic time-keepers in space probe Einstein’s strange world’’ by Prof. Michael
Kramer from the Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, Bonn, attracted more
than 500 people into the Great Lecture Hall of the Faculty of Arts of Charles
University despite a EURO 2012 semifinals match taking place at the same time.
This presentation on the rich aspects of pulsar physics and astrophysics can be
watched at: http://www.edumeta.com/channels/MFFUK/38889120.
OnThursday,alate-afternoonguidedtouroftheOldTown,takingparticipants
toplacesrelatedtogreatphysicistsandastronomers,wasfollowedbyaconference
banquet in the foundry of Emperor Rudolph II at Prague Castle, decorated by
various items related to Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, goldsmiths, alchemists,
artists, and others drawn to Rudolph’s court. As a special ‘‘aperitif,’’ an organ
concert was served in St. Vitus Cathedral with the last evening rays penetrating
through the cathedral’s windows.
Music,infact,framedtheconference:astheparticipantswereenteringtheBlue
Lecture Hall for the first time on Monday morning, they were accompanied by
Preface vii
MadrigalstanzasbyBohuslavMartinu˚,aCzechcomposerwhobecameaprofessor
atPrincetonanddedicatedthestanzastoAlbertEinsteinin1943.Thesamemusic
played again on late Friday afternoon as the participants were leaving the Blue
Hall at the end of the conference.
The conference was sponsored by the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of
Charles University, by the Wikow Company, and, above all, by the Karel Jane-
cˇek’s Foundation. Support was much appreciated by both the organizers and
participants. We would also like to acknowledge the ongoing support from the
Czech Science Foundation, at present realized by grant GACˇR No. 14-37086G
awarded to the Albert Einstein Center for Gravitation and Astrophysics.
All the contributions were refereed by the editors and by a number of col-
leagues at the Albert-Einstein Institute in Golm/Potsdam. In particular, we would
like to thank Piotr Bizon´, Hermann Hamber, Daniele Oriti, and members of his
group for their help with the refereeing process.
Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Frank Schulz and Vera
Osswald from Living Reviews in Relativity based at the Albert Einstein Institute
for their great help with these volumes.
Prague, January 2014 Jirˇí Bicˇák
Tomáš Ledvinka
Contents
Abstracts of Plenary Talks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Part I Classical General Relativity
Exact Hairy Black Holes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Andrés Anabalón
Black Hole Formation from a Complete Past
for the Einstein–Vlasov System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Håkan Andréasson
How to Measure Deviation from the Kerr Initial Data:
Recent Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Thomas Bäckdahl and Juan A. Valiente Kroon
Hidden Symmetries of the Dirac Equation in Curved Space-Time. . . . 25
Marco Cariglia
Geometrostatics: The Geometry of Static Space-Times. . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Carla Cederbaum
The Gravitational Equation in Higher Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Naresh Dadhich
Geometric Inequalities for Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Sergio Dain
Scalar Fields on Anti-de Sitter Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Gyula Fodor, Péter Forgács and Philippe Grandclément
Canonical Superenergy Tensors in General Relativity:
A Reappraisal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Janusz Garecki
ix
x Contents
Einstein’s ‘‘Prague Field Equation’’ of 1912: Another Perspective. . . . 69
Domenico Giulini
Source Integrals of Asymptotic Multipole Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Norman Gürlebeck
Geodesic Equations and Algebro-Geometric Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Eva Hackmann
Illusory Horizons, Thermodynamics, and Holography
Inside Black Holes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Andrew J. S. Hamilton
Shape Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Tim A. Koslowski
Superradiance or Total Reflection? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
András László and István Rácz
Non-Linear Effects in Non-Kerr Spacetimes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos, George Contopoulos
and Theocharis A. Apostolatos
The Conformal Einstein Field Equations for Trace-free
Perfect Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Christian Lübbe and Juan A. Valiente Kroon
Canonical Gravity, Non-Inertial Frames, Relativistic
Metrology and Dark Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Luca Lusanna
Gravomagnetic Solenoids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Donald Lynden-Bell and Joseph Katz
Exact Dynamical AdS Black Holes and Wormholes
with a Klein-Gordon Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Hideki Maeda
2.5PN Kick from Black-Hole Binaries in Circular Orbit:
Nonspinning Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Chandra Kant Mishra, K. G. Arun and Bala R. Iyer
Contents xi
A Reference for the Covariant Hamiltonian Boundary Term . . . . . . . 177
James M. Nester, Chiang-Mei Chen, Jian-Liang Liu and Gang Sun
On a Five-Dimensional Version of the Goldberg-Sachs Theorem. . . . . 185
Marcello Ortaggio, Vojteˇch Pravda, Alena Pravdová and Harvey S. Reall
Gravitomagnetism: From Einstein’s 1912 Paper to the Satellites
LAGEOS and Gravity Probe B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Herbert Pfister
Evolution of the Einstein Equations to Future Null Infinity. . . . . . . . . 199
Oliver Rinne and Vincent Moncrief
Increase of Black Hole Entropy in Lanczos-Lovelock Gravity. . . . . . . 207
Sudipta Sarkar
On the Stability Operator for MOTS
and the ‘Core’ of Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
José M. M. Senovilla
The Twin Paradox in Static Spacetimes and Jacobi Fields . . . . . . . . . 223
Leszek M. Sokołowski
Geodesic Deviation in Kundt Spacetimes of any Dimension. . . . . . . . . 229
Robert Švarc and Jiˇrí Podolsky´
A Class of Conformal Curves on Spherically
Symmetric Spacetimes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Juan A. Valiente Kroon and Christian Lübbe
Black Hole Collisions in Asymptotically de Sitter Spacetimes . . . . . . . 247
Miguel Zilhão, Vitor Cardoso, Leonardo Gualtieri,
Carlos Herdeiro, Ulrich Sperhake and Helvi Witek
On the Effects of Rotating Gravitational Waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Jirˇí Bicˇák, Joseph Katz, Tomáš Ledvinka and Donald Lynden-Bell
Variations on Spacetimes with Boost-Rotation Symmetry. . . . . . . . . . 261
Jirˇí Bicˇák and David Kofronˇ
On the Existence and Properties of Helically Symmetric Systems . . . . 267
Jirˇí Bicˇák, Martin Scholtz and Paul Tod