Table Of ContentReinventing the Local
in Tourism
ASPECTS OF TOURISM
Series Editors: Chris Cooper (Oxford Brookes University, UK), C. Michael
Hall (University of Canterbury, New Zealand) and Dallen J. Timothy (Arizona
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ASPECTS OF TOURISM: 73
Reinventing the Local
in Tourism
Producing, Consuming and
Negotiating Place
Edited by
Antonio Paolo Russo and Greg Richards
CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS
Bristol • Buffalo • Toronto
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Russo, Antonio (Antonio Paolo) editor. | Richards, Greg, editor.
Title: Reinventing the Local in Tourism: Producing, Consuming and Negotiating Place/
Edited by Antonio Paolo Russo and Greg Richards.
Description: Bristol/Buffalo, NY: Channel View Publications, 2016. |
Series: Aspects of Tourism: 73 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015049122| ISBN 9781845415693 (hbk : alk. paper) | ISBN
9781845415686 (pbk : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781845415709 (Pdf) | ISBN 9781845415716
(Epub) | ISBN 9781845415723 (Kindle)
Subjects: LCSH: Peer-to-peer travel. | Independent travel. | Hospitality industry—
Technological innovations. | Glocalization.
Classification: LCC G156.5.P44 R45 2016 | DDC 910.68—dc23 LC record available at
http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049122
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-569-3 (hbk)
ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-568-6 (pbk)
Channel View Publications
UK: St. Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK.
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Copyright © 2016 Antonio Paolo Russo, Greg Richards and the authors of individual
chapters.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means
without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Typeset by Nova Techset Private Limited, Bengaluru and Chennai, India.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Short Run Press Ltd.
Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xvii
1 Introduction 1
Antonio Paolo Russo and Greg Richards
Part 1: New Products and Hospitality Models
2 The Shifting Spatial Logic of Tourism in Networked Hospitality 15
Antonio Paolo Russo and Alan Quaglieri Domínguez
Introduction: Mobilities and Post-tourism 15
New Hospitality Networks 17
Home Exchanging as Networked Hospitality: Sociocultural
and Geographical Drivers 22
Home-exchange Geographies in Urban Destinations: Insights
from Paris and Barcelona 27
Conclusions 31
3 Authority and Authorship: Uncovering the Sociotechnical
Regimes of Peer-to-Peer Tourism 35
Paula Bialski
Introduction 35
Airbnb: Methodology 37
Sharing and Peer-to-Peer Tourism 40
Authority 43
Authenticity 46
Conclusions 48
4 Ethical Travel: Holidaying to Fight the Italian Mafia 50
Francesca Forno and Roberta Garibaldi
Introduction 50
The New Role for Consumers in the Tourism Market 51
Political Consumerism and Anti-Mafia Mobilization 53
v
vi Reinventing the Local in Tourism
From Buycotting to Ethical Travel 56
Conclusions 62
5 The ‘Diffuse Hotel’: An Italian New Model of Sustainable
Hospitality 65
Monica Gilli and Sonia Ferrari
Introduction 65
Tourism, Sustainability and Local Communities 66
Innovation in Hospitality: The Diffuse Hotel 71
Morigerati: The Case of a Southern Italian Diffuse Hotel and
Local Ancient Traditions 75
Living in a UNESCO Heritage Site: The Case of the Trulli of
Alberobello 76
Conclusions 78
Part 2: Flows and Communities
6 The Co-creation of Urban Tourism Experiences 87
Ilaria Pappalepore and Andrew Smith
Introduction 87
A Brief Introduction to Co-creation 88
Co-creation and the City 89
Interactions Between Tourists and Workers 93
The Importance of Residents and Other Tourists 95
Conclusions 97
7 ‘Get Local’: ICT, Tourism and Community Place Making in
Auckland, New Zealand 101
Simon Milne, Carolyn Deuchar and Karin Peters
Introduction 101
Tourism, ICT and Urban Community Place Making 102
Community Place Making in Auckland: The Get Local
Programme 105
Conclusions 112
8 (Dis)engaging the Local: Backpackers’ Usage of Social Media
During Crises 117
Cody Morris Paris and Kevin Hannam
Introduction 117
Social Media and Crises 118
Methods 121
Discussion: (Dis)engagement with the Local 123
Conclusions 126
Contents vii
9 Rethinking Host–Guest Relationships in the Context of Urban
Ethnic Tourism 129
Melanie Smith and Anita Zátori
Introduction 129
Rethinking Host–Guest Theory 129
The Guest Experience 133
Hosts and Guests in Ethnic Tourism 134
Host–Guest Interaction in the Context of Ethnic Tourism
in Budapest 138
Case Study of Alternative and Ethnic Tours in Budapest 140
Conclusions 145
Part 3: Built Environments and ‘Glocalized’ Spaces
10 Place Making or Place Faking? The Paradoxical Effects of
Transnational Circulation of Architectural and Urban
Development Projects 153
Davide Ponzini, Stefan Fotev and Francesca Mavaracchio
Introduction 153
Global Urban Tourism and the Transnational Circulation of
(Mega)projects 154
Waterfront Place Making or Place Faking? Two Cases of the
Transnational Transfer of Megastructures and Master Plans 159
Conclusions: The Paradoxical Urban Effects of the
Transnational Circulation of Architectural and Urban
Development Projects 166
11 Hostels and the Making of New Urban Spaces 171
Greg Richards
Introduction 171
The Growth of Hostels 172
The New Hostel Providers 173
Spatial Impacts of Youth Accommodation 175
Youth Travel as a Catalyst for Urban Change 182
12 Between Translation and Reinterpretation: What is Local in
Barcelona’s Foodsphere? 185
Elsa Soro
Introduction 185
The Foodsphere: Methodological Points of Entry 187
Barcelona’s Foodsphere: Four Cases 192
Conclusions 205
viii Reinventing the Local in Tourism
13 Unravelling Airbnb: Urban Perspectives from Barcelona 209
Albert Arias Sans and Alan Quaglieri Domínguez
Introduction 209
Airbnb: A Global Urban Phenomenon 210
Airbnb in Barcelona 213
Airbnb and Urban Planning Regulations 222
Conclusions and Further Research Agenda 225
14 Urban Resistance Tourism Initiatives in Stressed Cities:
The Case of Athens 229
Dimitri Ioannides, Panos Leventis and Evangelia Petridou
Introduction 229
Athens’ Neoliberal Transformation: Mega-projects,
Migrants and Crisis 231
Alternative Tours of Athens 238
Discussion and Concluding Remarks 245
15 Synthesis and Conclusions: Towards a New Geography of Tourism? 251
Greg Richards and Antonio Paolo Russo
Co-creation 251
Peer-to-Peer Experiences 252
Disintermediation 252
Disruption 253
The Rise of the Local 254
The Framing of Place 254
New Spatial Practices 255
From Value Chains to Value Networks? 257
New Forms of Governance and Regulation 258
New Means of Authenticity 259
What New Geographies Are These Different Models Creating? 260
Directions for Future Research 262
Index 267
Contributors
Albert Arias Sans is a PhD candidate at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili,
Tarragona (Spain). As a member of the research group ‘Territorial Analysis
and Tourism Studies’ he is currently working on his dissertation on urban
tourism in Barcelona. He was the academic coordinator for the urban man-
agement postgraduate programme at the Open University of Catalonia
(2006–2012). Albert is co-author of various publications in academic journals
and books and has worked as a consultant for urban and planning issues.
Paula Bialski is a postdoctoral researcher at Leuphana University’s Digital
Cultures Research Lab (DCRL). Her past work ethnographically studied
Couchsurfing.org and online hitchhiking websites (mitfahrgelegenheit.de) in
order to map out digitally mediated, mobile interaction. Her findings have
been published in her book Becoming Intimately Mobile (Peter Lang, 2012),
where she described the effects of mobility and new media use on intimacy,
trust and strangerhood. Her current topics include digital infrastructures,
programmer worlds, anonymity, the sharing economy and digitally mediated
sociality. She spent the summer of 2015 conducting fieldwork in Silicon
Valley, studying the social and technical conditions of how forms of ano-
nymity are practised today.
Carolyn Deuchar is a senior research fellow at the New Zealand Tourism
Research Institute at the Auckland University of Technology. Carolyn’s cur-
rent work is predominantly focused on NZTRI’s ‘Get Local’ programme –
building local economies by raising the profile of urban areas in Auckland
(and elsewhere) as visitor destinations. Aspects of this work include evidence-
based strategic plans and initiatives to strengthen small tourism enterprise
(STE) and community networks and collaboration. Carolyn’s other research
interests include community informatics and tourism, incorporating regula-
tion theory and the concept of flexible specialization as tools to understand
STE networks and the ways in which they can contribute to regional social
and economic development.
ix
x Reinventing the Local in Tourism
Francesca Forno is a researcher and assistant professor in sociology and the
sociology of consumption at the University of Bergamo. She has published
on citizen participation and sustainable community movements. Two of her
ongoing research interests are political consumerism and collaborative con-
sumption. Francesca is co-director of CORES Lab (Research Group on
Networks and Practices of Sustainable Economy) and co-editor of
Partecipazione e Conflitto, the first Italian academic journal specializing in the
analysis of social and political participation.
Roberta Garibaldi is a researcher and assistant professor of marketing and
tourism marketing at the University of Bergamo. She is the author of books
and papers published in national and international reviews, e.g. Il turismo
culturale europeo (Franco Angeli, 2012) and Facebook in Tourism (Franco Angeli,
2011). Roberta is a member of AIEST and ATLAS, a delegate of the Lombardy
Region to SISTUR, a board member of IGCAT, scientific coordinator for East
Lombardy – European Region of Gastronomy 2017) and director of CeSTIT
(Research Centre on Tourism).
Sonia Ferrari, is an associate professor of tourism marketing and place mar-
keting at the University of Calabria, Italy. She has been president of the
degree courses in tourism science and the valorization of cultural tourism
systems at the University of Calabria since 2007. Sonia’s main fields of study
and research are tourism and place marketing, event marketing, and spa and
wellness tourism.
Stefan Fotev is currently enrolled in the master’s programme of the Institute
of Advanced Architecture in Barcelona. He received a bachelor’s degree in
urban planning at the Politecnico di Milano. His research interests focus on
self-sufficient urban environments and urban strategies for energy
efficiency.
Monica Gilli is a sociologist of tourism at the University of Milano-Bicocca
(Italy). Her research interests include tourism as a factor in urban regenera-
tion and local development, cultural and heritage tourism, and the relation-
ship between tourism and identity construction. Among Monica’s
publications are Autenticità e interpretazione nell’esperienza turistica (‘Authenticity
and Interpretation in Tourist Experience’, FrancoAngeli, 2009), The Voyage
Out. Studi sociologici (‘The Voyage Out. Sociological Studies’, Scriptaweb,
2012) and, with E. Ruspini, M. Decataldo and M. del Greco, Turismo, generi,
generazioni (‘Tourism, Genres, Generations’, Zanichelli, 2013) and Turismo e
identità (‘Tourism and Identity’, Liguori Editori, 2015).
Kevin Hannam is professor of tourism at Edinburgh Napier University, and
a research affiliate at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Previously
