Table Of ContentReinventing Race, Reinventing Racism
Studies in Critical
Social Sciences
Series Editor
David Fasenfest
Wayne State University
Editorial Board
Chris Chase-Dunn, University of California-Riverside
G. William Domhofff, University of California-Santa Cruz
Colette Fagan, Manchester University
Martha Gimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder
Heidi Gottfried, Wayne State University
Karin Gottschall, University of Bremen
Bob Jessop, Lancaster University
Rhonda Levine, Colgate University
Jacqueline O’Reilly, University of Brighton
Mary Romero, Arizona State University
Chizuko Ueno, University of Tokyo
VOLUME 50
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/scss
Reinventing Race,
Reinventing Racism
Edited by
John J. Betancur
Cedric Herring
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2013
Cover illustration: “Out of Work Vet With a Hire Me Sign” by Steve Debenport Imagery.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Reinventing race, reinventing racism / edited by John J. Betancur, Cedric Herring.
p. cm. -- (Studies in critical social sciences ; vol. 50)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-22750-7 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. United States--Race relations. 2. Racism--United States. I. Betancur, John Jairo. II. Herring,
Cedric.
E185.615.R44 2013
305.800973--dc23
2012035165
This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters
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ISSN 1573-4234
ISBN 978-90-04-22750-7 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-23155-9 (e-book)
Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................vii
List of Tables and Figures .......................................................................................ix
About the Contributors ........................................................................................xiii
1. Reinventing Race, Reinventing Racism: An Introduction ........................1
John J. Betancur and Cedric Herring
2. Critical Considerations and New Challenges in Black-Latino
Relations ..............................................................................................................23
John J. Betancur
3. J untos Pero No Revueltos: Race, Citizenship, and the Conundrums
of Latinidad ........................................................................................................43
Tomas Almaguer
4. Public Housing Redevelopment and the Displacement
of African Americans .......................................................................................59
Edward G. Goetz
5. Problems of Racial Justice in Portland, 1968–2010:
Revisiting the City’s “Kerner Report” ...........................................................81
Karen J. Gibson
6. After the Storm: Race and Victims’ Reactions to the Hurricane
Katrina Aftermath ..........................................................................................105
Hayward Derrick Horton, Melvin Thomas, and Cedric Herring
7. Race, Class, and the Restructuring of Urban Community
Development ....................................................................................................125
Douglas C. Gills
8. Fairness on the Job: Skin Tone, the Beauty Myth,
and the Treatment of African American Women at Work ..................177
N. Michelle Hughes and Cedric Herring
9. Training Black Media Makers after Kerner: The Black Journal
Workshop ..........................................................................................................199
Devorah Heitner
vi contents
10. “Illegals Under Fire”: Analyzing U.S. News Frames of Latina/o
Immigration and Immigration Rights (1997–2007) ..........................209
Isabel Molina-Guzmán
11. Muslims in the Global City: Racism, Islamophobia,
and Multiracial Organizing in Chicago ..................................................225
Junaid Rana
12. New Configurations of Racism after 9/11: Gender and Race
in the Context of the Anti-Immigrant City............................................241
Elizabeth L. Sweet
13. Gang Members, Juvenile Delinquents, and Direct Democracy .......259
Lisa Marie Cacho
14. Racial Disadvantages and Incarceration: Sources of Wage
Inequality among African American, Latino, and White Men ........271
Kecia R. Johnson and Jacqueline Johnson
15. Casualties of War: The War on Drugs, Prisoner Re-entry
and the Spread of HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C in Chicago’s
Communities .................................................................................................299
Cedric Herring
16. Marching in March: Early Participation in Chicago’s Immigrant
Mobilization ..................................................................................................311
Angela Mascarenas and Cedric Herring
17. From Political Novice to Veteran: Youth Participation
in the Immigrant Mobilization .................................................................335
Loren Henderson
18. Race, Poverty, and Disability: A Social Justice Dilemma ...................351
Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar, Fabricio Balcazar, Tina Ritzler-Taylor,
Asma Ali, and Rooshey Hasnain
19. Conclusion: Racism and Neoracism: Contributions
of This Book ...................................................................................................371
John J. Betancur
Index of Names ......................................................................................................389
Subject Index .........................................................................................................395
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This edited volume is the culmination of a journey that began several
years ago with the planning of a conference to celebrate the 40th
Anniversary of the Kerner Commission. During that conference, we
assembled dozens of scholars and policymakers to examine post-1960s
developments in race, especially new versions and expressions of racism.
Along the way, we benefitted tremendously from the generosity and assis-
tance of several people and organizations. Now, having completed our
voyage, we would like to thank Maria Ayala for her capable assistance,
both in organizing the conference that featured many of the papers that
became chapters in this book, and for her contribution to the early logis-
tics in making this book a reality. We owe a debt of gratitude to Phil
Bowman, James Compton, Vernon M. Briggs, Jr., Alice Palmer, Jose Lopez,
Robert Rich, Clarence Wood, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, and the other partici-
pants in the original conference. Finally, we would also like to thank the
Institute for Research on Race and Public Policy at the University of Illinois
at Chicago and the Institute of Government and Public Affairs at the
University of Illinois for their support.
John J. Betancur and Cedric Herring
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables
4.1 Demographic characteristics of demolished public
housing, 1996–2007. .....................................................................................69
4.2 Ten projects with highest disparity ratios................................................70
4.3 Importance of race controlling for building quality
and senior occupancy ...................................................................................73
4.4 HOPE VI project characteristics. ................................................................74
4.5 Changes in poverty and in African American population
in HOPE VI neighborhoods relative to changes taking
place citywide, 1990–2000. .........................................................................75
4.6 Indirect displacement of African Americans in predominantly
Black HOPE VI neighborhoods ...................................................................76
5.1 Portland public schools: characteristics by race
and neighborhood, 2007 ..............................................................................94
5.2 Subtle institutional policies with racist outcomes ................................99
6.1 Means and percentage distributions for selected
characteristics of victims of Hurricane Katrina
by race/ethnicity ...........................................................................................116
6.2 Predicted probabilities of perceptions about the response
to Hurricane Katrina by race and income category,
net of gender, education, age, religion, and political
party affiliation ..............................................................................................118
6.3 Logistic regression models predicting the log-odds
of believing black and white victims of hurricane
received similar treatment, with race, income,
and other characteristics ............................................................................120
8.1 Treatment of African American women at work by skin
tone and beauty ............................................................................................188
8.2 Logistic regression models predicting the log odds of being
hassled at work with skin tone and beauty, net
of sociodemographic and workplace characteristics .........................190
8.3 Logistic regression models predicting the log odds of being
unfairly fired or denied a promotion with skin tone and beauty,
net of sociodemographic and workplace characteristics ..................191
x list of tables and figures
8.4 OLS regression models predicting worse treatment
by whites with skin tone and beauty, net of
sociodemographic and workplace characteristics ............................192
8.5 OLS regression models predicting worse treatment
by blacks with skin tone and beauty, net of
sociodemographic and workplace characteristics ............................193
10.1 NYT conflict news frames ........................................................................216
10.2 Ratio of conflict frames to Latina/o power frames ...........................219
14.1 The means and standard deviations of hourly wage
and human capital variables by race/ethnicity and
offender status ............................................................................................283
14.2 Mean Differences of Incarceration Effect on Wages,
by Race ..........................................................................................................286
16.1 Selected characteristics of early versus later participants
in the immigrant rights movement .......................................................327
16.2 Logistic regression models predicting early participation
in the immigrant rights movement with structural
location and biographical availability ..................................................327
16.3 Logistic regression models predicting early participation
in the immigrant rights movement with factors from
various theories of social movements, net of structural
location and biographic availability .....................................................328
16.4 Logistic regression model predicting early participation
in the immigrant rights movement with factors
from various theories of social movements ........................................330
17.1 A comparison of selected characteristics of novices,
repeaters, and veteran participants ......................................................343
17.2 Summary of results from 3 logistic regression models ....................347
18.1 Disability/poverty cycle............................................................................354
18.2 Empowerment strategies: the Action Index .......................................362
18.3 Issue/goal chart ..........................................................................................363
Figures
4.1 Relative changes in race and poverty in predominantly
Black HOPE VI neighborhoods ................................................................78
5.1 Per capita income by race in Portland, 1979 to 2005–09.................82
5.2 Male unemployment trends in Portland, 1970 to 2005–09 ............83
5.3 Female unemployment trends in Portland, 1970 to 2005–09 ........83
