Reintroduction Biology: Integrating Science and Management

520 Pages·2011·3.081 MB·English

Reintroduction Biology
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Conservation Science and Practice Series
Reintroduction Biology:
Integrating Science and
Management
Edited by
JohnG.Ewen,DougP.Armstrong,KevinA.Parker
andPhilipJ.Seddon
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
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Contents
Contributors vii
MemoriumofDonMerton xi
Foreword xix
Preface xxiii
1. AnimalTranslocations:WhatAreTheyandWhyDoWeDo
Them? 1
PhilipJ.Seddon,W.MaartinStraussandJohnInnes
2. ATaleofTwoIslands:TheRescueandRecoveryofEndemic
BirdsinNewZealandandMauritius 33
CarlG.JonesandDonV.Merton
3. SelectingSuitableHabitatsforReintroductions:Variation,
ChangeandtheRoleofSpeciesDistributionModelling 73
PatrickE.OsborneandPhilipJ.Seddon
4. TheTheoryandPracticeofCatching,Holding,Moving
andReleasingAnimals 105
KevinA.Parker,MollyJ.Dickens,RohanH.Clarke
andTimG.Lovegrove
5. DispersalandHabitatSelection:BehaviouralandSpatial
ConstraintsforAnimalTranslocations 138
PascalineLeGouar,Jean-BaptisteMihoubandFran¸coisSarrazin
6. ModellingReintroducedPopulations:TheStateoftheArt
andFutureDirections 165
DougP.ArmstrongandMichelleH.Reynolds
7. MonitoringforReintroductions 223
JamesD.NicholsandDougP.Armstrong
Contents
vi
8. AdaptiveManagementofReintroduction 256
MichaelA.McCarthy,DougP.ArmstrongandMichaelC.Runge
9. EmpiricalConsiderationofParasitesandHealth
inReintroduction 290
JohnG.Ewen,KarinaAcevedo-Whitehouse,MauriceR.Alley,
ClaudiaCarraro,AnthonyW.Sainsbury,KirstySwinnerton
andRosieWoodroffe
10. MethodsofDiseaseRiskAnalysisforReintroduction
Programmes 336
AnthonyW.Sainsbury,DougP.ArmstrongandJohnG.Ewen
11. TheGeneticsofReintroductions:InbreedingandGeneticDrift 360
LukasF.Keller,IrisBiebach,StevenR.Ewing
andPaquitaE.A.Hoeck
12. GeneticConsequencesofReintroductionsandInsights
fromPopulationHistory 395
JimJ.Groombridge,ClaireRaisin,RachelBristol
andDavidS.Richardson
13. ManagingGeneticIssuesinReintroductionBiology 441
IanG.JamiesonandRobertC.Lacy
14. Summary 476
PhilipJ.Seddon,DougP.Armstrong,KevinA.Parker
andJohnG.Ewen
Index 483
Contributors
Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
London,RegentsPark,LondonNW14RY,UnitedKingdomandFacultad
de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Av. de las
CienciasS/N,Juriquilla,Queretaro76230,Mexico.Email:karina.acevedo.
[email protected]
Maurice R. Alley, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences,
Massey University, PB 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Email:
[email protected]
Doug P. Armstrong, Ecology Building 624, Massey University, PB 11222,
PalmerstonNorth,NewZealand.Email:[email protected]
Iris Biebach, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies,
University of Zu¨rich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zu¨rich, Switzer-
land.Email:[email protected]
RachelBristol, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of
Kent, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom and Nature Seychelles, PO Box
1310,Victoria,Mahe´,RepublicofSeychelles.Email:[email protected]
Claudia Carraro, Facolta` di Medicina Veterinaria, Dipartimento di Scienze
SperimentaliVeterinarie,Universita` degliStudidiPadova,Padova,Italia.
Email:[email protected]
Rohan H. Clarke, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Mel-
bourne,Victoria3800,Australia.Email:[email protected]
Molly J. Dickens, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Lie`ge, 1 avenue
de l’Hoˆpital (Bat. B36), B-4000 Lie`ge, Belgium. Email: molly.dickens@
ulg.ac.be
John G. Ewen, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents
Park,LondonNW14RY,UnitedKingdom.Email:[email protected]
StevenR.Ewing,RoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,Sandy,Bedfordshire
SG192DL,UnitedKingdom.Email:[email protected]
JimJ.Groombridge,DurrellInstituteofConservationandEcology,Univer-
sity of Kent, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom. Email: J.Groombridge@
kent.ac.uk
Contributors
viii
Paquita E.A. Hoeck, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental
Studies, University of Zu¨rich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zu¨rich,
Switzerland and Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo
Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027. Email:
[email protected]
JohnInnes,LandcareResearchNewZealandLtd,PrivateBag3127,Hamilton
3240,NewZealand.Email:[email protected]
Ian G. Jamieson, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56,
Dunedin9016,NewZealand.Email:[email protected]
CarlG.Jones,DurrellWildlifeConservationTrust,LesAugre`sManor,LaPro-
fondeRue,Trinity,Jersey,ChannelIslandsJE35BPandMauritianWildlife
Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius. Email: carlgjones@
btinternet.com
LukasF.Keller,InstituteofEvolutionaryBiologyandEnvironmentalStudies,
University of Zu¨rich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zu¨rich, Switzer-
land.Email:[email protected]
Robert C. Lacy, Department of Conservation Science, Chicago Zoologi-
cal Society, Brookfield, Illinois 60513, United States of America. Email:
[email protected]
Pascaline Le Gouar, NIOO-KNAW, Dutch Centre for Avian Migration &
Demography,Postbus40,6666ZGHeteren,theNetherlandsandUniversite´
Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France and Universite´ Rennes 1, UMR 6553
UR1-CNRS‘EcoBio’,stationbiologique,35380Paimpont,France.Email:
[email protected]
Tim G. Lovegrove, Auckland Council, Auckland, New Zealand. Email:
[email protected]
Michael A. McCarthy, The Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecol-
ogy (ARCUE), c/- The School of Botany, The University of Melbourne,
Parkville,Victoria3010,Australia.Email:[email protected]
DonV.Merton,deceased.
Jean-BaptisteMihoub,Universite´ PierreetMarieCurie,UMR7204MNHN-
CNRS-UPMC‘Conservationdesespe`ces,restaurationetsuividespopula-
tions’,61rueBuffon,75005Paris,France.Email:[email protected]
JamesD.Nichols,PatuxentWildlifeResearchCenter,U.S.GeologicalSurvey,
12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708-4017, United States of
America.Email:[email protected]
Contributors
ix
Patrick E. Osborne, School of Civil Engineering and the Environment,
UniversityofSouthhampton,Highfield,SouthhamptonSO171BJ,United
Kingdom.Email:[email protected]
Kevin A. Parker, Ecology and Conservation Group, Institute of Natural
Sciences, Massey University, PB 102904, NSMC, Auckland 0745, New
Zealand.Email:[email protected]
Claire Raisin, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of
Kent,KentCT27NR,UnitedKingdom.Email:[email protected]
Michelle H. Reynolds, USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center,
KilaueaFieldStation,POBox44,HawaiiNationalPark,Hawaii,HI96718,
UnitedStatesofAmerica.Email:[email protected]
David S. Richardson, Nature Seychelles, Victoria, Mahe´, Republic of Sey-
chelles and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia,
Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. Email:
[email protected]
MichaelC.Runge,PatuxentWildlifeResearchCenter,U.S.GeologicalSurvey,
12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708-4017, United States of
America.Email:[email protected]
AnthonyW.Sainsbury,InstituteofZoology,ZoologicalSociety ofLondon,
RegentsPark,LondonNW14RY,UnitedKingdom.Email:tony.sainsbury@
ioz.ac.uk
Franc¸ois Sarrazin, Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7204 MNHN-
CNRS-UPMC‘Conservationdesespe`ces,restaurationetsuividespopula-
tions’,61rueBuffon,75005Paris,France.Email:[email protected]
PhilipJ.Seddon, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56,
Dunedin9016,NewZealand.Email:[email protected]
W.MaartinStrauss,DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences,UNISA,South
Africa.Email:[email protected]
Kirsty Swinnerton, Island Conservation, Center for Ocean Health, 100
Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States of America. Email:
[email protected]
RosieWoodroffe,InstituteofZoology,ZoologicalSocietyofLondon,Regents
Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom. Email: rosie.woodroffe@
ioz.ac.uk
Memorium of Don Merton
DonaldVincentMerton(1939–2011),
areintroductionpioneer
Don Merton died on 10 April 2011, and although many of us had known
for a while that he was fighting terminal cancer the news of his passing still
cameasablow,sinceDon,or‘Mertie’tohisfriendsandcolleagues,hadbeen
an important figure in bird restoration for nearly fifty years and he had
been a mentor to many of us. Don was a consummate field man and many
of the techniques in bird management that he pioneered have now become
acceptedpractice.Theconservationprogrammeshedevelopedanddrovein
NewZealandandonIndianOceanislandshavebecomeiconiccasestudiesof
whatcanbeachieved.
DonplayedaleadingroleinsavingmanyNewZealandspeciesandisbest
knownforhisworkwiththeNorthIslandsaddlebackPhilesturnusrufusater,
SouthIslandsaddlebackP.carunculatus,ChathamIslandblackrobinPetroica
traversi and the kakapo Strigops habroptilus, but he also helped, advised and
inspiredworkwitharangeofotherspecies.Elsewhereheworkedwiththenoisy
scrubbirdAtrichornisclamosusinWesternAustralia,theechoparakeetPsittac-
ulaequesinMauritiusandtheSeychellesmagpierobinCopsychussechellarum.
The first significant bird conservation work that Don was involved with
was the translocation of saddlebacks in the 1960s and this continued in
subsequent decades. The North Island saddleback had been reduced to just
one population on Hen Island due to predation by rats, cats and stoats.
Don headed up a translocation programme for this species and successfully
established new populations on predator-free islands. This work became a
preludetoworkontheSouthIslandsaddleback,whichhadbecomedoomed
followingtheinvasionofitslastislandhome,BigSouthCapeIsland,byrats.
Translocations to other islands were largely successful and set the scene for
furthertranslocationsofthis,andotherspecies,topredator-freeislands.The
North Island saddlebackhas a population of about 6000 birds on at least 14
predator-free islands and the South Island saddleback has a population of
about2000on17islands(Ballance&Merton,2007).