Table Of ContentReinforced S oil
Engineering
Civil a nd E nvironmental E ngineering
A Series o f Reference B ooks a nd T extbooks
Editor
Michael D . M eyer
Department o f C ivil and Environmental E ngineering
Georgia I nstitute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
1. Preliminary D esign of Bridges f or Architects a nd E ngineers
Michele M elaragno
2. Concrete F ormwork S ystems
Awad S. Hanna
3. Multilayered A quifer S ystems: Fundamentals a nd A pplications
Alexander H .-D. Cheng
4. Matrix A nalysis of S tructural D ynamics: Applications and Earthquake
Engineering
Franklin Y. Cheng
5. Hazardous G ases U nderground: A pplications t o Tunnel E ngineering
Barry R . Doyle
6. Cold-Formed S teel S tructures t o the A ISI S pecification
Gregory J . Hancock, Thomas M Murray, and D uane S . Ellifritt
7. Fundamentals of Infrastructure Engineering: Civil Engineering Sys
tems: Second Edition, R evised and E xpanded
Patrick H . McDonald
8. Handbook o f Pollution C ontrol a nd W aste M inimization
edited b y A bbas G hassemi
9. Introduction to Approximate Solution Techniques, Numerical Model
ing, and F inite E lement M ethods
Victor N. Kaliakin
10. Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices of S oil Mechanics
and F oundation E ngineering
V. N. S. Murthy
11. Estimating B uilding C osts
Calin M. Popescu, Kan Phaobunjong, and N untapong O vararin
12. Chemical G routing a nd S oil Stabilization: Third E dition, R evised and
Expanded
Reuben H . Karol
13. Multifunctional C ement-Based Materials
Deborah D . L. Chung
14. Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice
Hoe l . Ling, Dov L eshchinsky, and F umio Tatsuoka
Additional V olumes i n P roduction
Project Scheduling H andbook
Jonathan F. Hutchings
Reinforced Soil
Engineering
Advances in Research and Practice
edited by
Hoe I. Ling
Columbia University
New York, New York, U.SA.
Dov Leshchinsky
University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware, U.S.A.
Fumio Tatsuoka
University of Tokyo
Tokyo, Japan
Boca Raton London New York
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Preface
This book consists of 25 chapters focusing on the latest developments in
reinforced soil technology. These chapters address geotechnical earthquake
issues, as well as applications and case histories from several countries. Several
chapters are based on presentations given during the Columbia Workshop (the
International Workshop on Seismic Design of R einforced Soil Structures).
The Columbia Workshop was part of a project called "Seismic Perfor
mance and Design of Reinforced Soil Structures with Reference to Lessons
Learned from the 1999 Earthquakes of T aiwan and Turkey," which was funded
by the Geotechnical Program of the National Science Foundation (PIs: Hoe
I. Ling and Dov Leshchinsky; Grant No. CMS-0084449; Program Director:
Dr. Richard J. Fragaszy). The workshop was a I! - day event featuring speakers
and panelists from leading institutions in the United States, Canada, Japan,
Taiwan, and T urkey. A bout 4 0 r esearchers and engineers a ttended t he workshop.
The study of seismic performance of reinforced soil structures has
received much attention since the 1995 Kobe earthquake, and especially since
the failures reported during the 1999 Ji-Ji earthquake in Taiwan. In recent years,
the National Science Foundation and some state departments of t ransportation
have initiated r esearch projects o n this subject. In Japan, works were initiated by
various groups of r esearchers at academic institutions and government agencies.
However, there has been rather limited discussion among the researchers
working on this subject. Therefore, the need arose to document lessons learned
from past experience, to share knowledge about ongoing achievements in this
field, and to allow for intensive discussion by identifying problems noted and
data gathered.
iii
iv Preface
The Columbia Workshop was held at the Faculty House of Columbia
University on October 30 and 31, 2000. It was inaugurated by Professor Rimas
Vaiacitis, Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics, Columbia U niversity. The first day consisted of 1 4 invited presenta
tions. (Information on the meeting, including abstracts and representative
publications of the presenters, is also available at http://www.civil.columbia.
edul-ling/taiwan.) Following invited presentations, three discussion sessions
were organized, focusing on design issues, testing and experimental studies,
and numerical methods and modeling. These sessions were chaired by Jerry
DiMaggio of F HWA , Furnio Tatsuoka of t he University of T okyo, and Andrew
Whittle of MIT. The workshop was subsidized by the Federal Highway
Administration through the arrangement of Mr. Mike Adams, with matching
funds from the Dean's O ffice of t he School of E ngineering and Applied Science
at Columbia University.
The c ase h istories presented h ere help to advance the state of t he art i n this
field; the failures documented should not discourage us from using existing
technologies or developing new technologies. The knowledge shared in this
workshop led to the organizing of two special technical sessions during the
International Conference on Geosynthetics in Nice, France, in September 2002.
The contributions of all authors herein are greatly appreciated. We
acknowledge the efforts of P rofessor Vaicaitis, especially during the editing of
the book. Hoe Ling is supported by an NSF Career Award (CMS-0092739;
Program Director: Dr. Clifford Astill). Last but not least, we express sincere
thanks to the editors at Marcel Dekker, Inc., especially Mr. Michael Deters, for
his efforts in making this book a reality.
Hoe l. Ling
Dov L eshchinsky
Fumio Tatsuoka
Contents
Preface iii
Contributors ix
1. Civil and Environmental Applications of G eosynthetics 1
Hoe l. Ling
2. Performance Properties of G eogrids 19
W. Voskamp
3. Unit Cell Testing of R einforced Soils 37
Hoe l. Ling
4. Modeling the Time-Dependent Behavior o f G eosynthetically
Reinforced Soil Structures with Cohesive Backfill 69
V. N. Kaliakin and M . Dechasakulsom
5. Issue and Nonissue in Block Walls as Implied Through
Computer-Aided Design 85
Dov Leshchinsky
6. Application of S liding Block C oncept to Geosynthetic-Constructed
Facilities 95
Hoe l. Ling
v
