Table Of ContentRegulation of
Gene Expression
by Hormones
BIOCHEMICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
Series Editor: Kenneth W. McKerns
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GONADOTROPINS
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL
HORMONES
Edited by Marian Jutisz and Kenneth W. McKerns
REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES AND CONTRACEPTION
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
HORMONALLY ACTIVE BRAIN PEPTIDES: Structure and Function
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns and Vladimir Pantie
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY HORMONES
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
Regulation of
Gene Expression
by Hormones
Edited by
Kenneth W McKerns
International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology
Blue Hill Falls, Maine
PLENUM PRESS ·
NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Regulation of gene expression by hormones.
(Biochemical endocrinology)
Sponsored by the International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology.
Bibliography: p.
Inc! udes index.
Contents: Hormone action in human breast cancer/David J. Adams, Dean P.
Edwards, and William L. McGuire-Modulation of an estrogen-induced protein in the
MCF, human mammary cancer cells/Henri Rochefort-The estrogen-induced/depen
dent renal adenocarcinoma of the Syrian hamster/Paul H. Naylor. .. [et al.)-[etc.)
1. Gene expression-Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Genetic regulation-Addresses,
essays, lectures. 3. Hormones-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. McKerns, Kenneth W. II.
International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology. III. Series. [DNLM: I. Gene
expression regulations. 2. Hormones-Physiology. WK 102 R3435)
QH450.R42 1983 599/.087/322 83-6310
ISBN 978-1-4684-4420-9 ISBN 978-1-4684-4418-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-4418-6
©1983 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
David J. A dams, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center,
San Antonio, Texas 78284
Jutta Arnemann, Institut fUr Physiologische Chemie der Phillips-Universitiit, 3550
. Marburg, G.F.R.
Miguel Beato, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Phillips-Universitiit, 3550 Marburg,
G.F.R.
Robert T. Chatterton, Jr., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Claude DeLouis, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la
Recherche Agronomique, C.N.R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Eve Devinoy, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique, C.N.R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Jean Djiane, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique, C.N.R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Dean P. Edwards, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center,
San Antonio, Texas 78284
John N. Haan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University
Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Louis-Marie Houdebine, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique, C.N .R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Sheila M. Judge, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University
Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Junzo Kato, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Medical University,
Tamaho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture, 409-38 Japan
Alvin M. Kaye, Department of Hormone Research, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
Paul A. Kelly, Departement d'Endocrinologie Moleculaire, Centre Hospitalier de
l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada
John T. Knowler, Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G 12
8QQ, Scotland
Rabinder N. Kurt, Department of Biological Chemistry and Laboratory of Human
Reproduction and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
v
vi Contributors
Janet M. Loring, Department of Biological Chemistry and Laboratory of Human
Reproduction and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
William L. McGuire, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science
Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Synthia H. Mellon, Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94143
Carla Menne, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Phillips-Universitiit, 3550 Marburg,
G.F.R.
Walter L. Miller, Department of Pediatrics, and Metabolic Research Unit, Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
Heidrun Muller, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Phillips-Universitiit, 3550 Marburg,
G.F.R.
Paul H. Naylor, Department of Biological Chemistry and Laboratory of Human
Reproduction and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
David Olive, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Medical
School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Michele Ollivier-Bosquet, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique, C.N .R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Tsuneko Onouchi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School
of Medicine, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173 Japan
Malcolm G. Parker, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, P.O. Box 123, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, London WC2A 3PX, U.K.
Dietmar Richter, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Zellbiochemie, Universitiit
Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg 20, G.F.R.
Henri Rochefort, Unite d'Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, U 148 INSERM,
34100 Montpellier, France
Hartwig Schmale, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Zellbiochemie,
Universitiit Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg 20, G.F.R.
Eldon D. Schriock, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University
Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Jean-Luc Servely, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la
Recherche Agronomique, C.N.R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Guntram Suske, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Phillips-Universitiit, 3550 Marburg,
G.F.R.
Bertrand Teyssot, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la
Recherche Agronomique, C.N.R.Z., 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Harold G. Verhage, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois
at the Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60680
Claude A. Vil/ee, Department of Biological Chemistry and Laboratory of Human
Reproduction and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
Michael Wenz, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Phillips-Universitiit, 3550 Marburg,
G.F.R.
Preface
The International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology is incorporated as
a nonprofit research and educational organization. It is dedicated to the dissemination
of knowledge, cooperative research programs, and cultural interaction on an
international basis. The Foundation is concerned with both basic research and
practical applications of biological knowledge to the betterment of humanity.
Among our interests are global resource management, human reproduction,
hormonal regulation of normal and cancer cells, study of aging and degenerative
diseases, brain peptides, peptide neurotransmitter compounds, mechanism of
action of hormones, peptide hormone synthesis, and recombinant DNA techniques.
This monograph is the ninth sponsored by the Foundation in the Biochemical
Endocrinology series. The previous four have been: Hormonally Active Brain
Peptides: Structure and Function (1982), K. W. McKerns and V. Pantie, eds.;
Reproductive Processes and Contraception (1981), K. W. McKerns, ed.; Synthesis
and Release ofA denohypophyseal Hormones (1980), M. Jutisz and K. W. McKerns,
eds.; and Structure and Function of the Gonadotropins (1978), K. W. McKerns,
ed. These have all been published by Plenum Press.
This monograph deals with some novel and interesting aspects of gene
regulation, including the regulation of normal and neoplastic eUkaryotic cells by
hormones in model systems. The search is for the molecular train of events
induced. The studies follow several approaches, such as RNA-DNA hybridi
zation surveys of the newly synthesized mRNA as well as detailed investigations
of hormone-induced proteins from specialized cells. Also, by recombinant DNA
technology, the expression and organization of genes was studied by cloning
DNA molecules specific for mRNAs for use as DNA probes and for isolation
of DNA clones.
Several chapters discuss how hormones, estrogens in particular, induce and
regulate tumor growth in hormone-dependent cancer cells. An interesting variant
to in vivo animal studies is provided by a chapter on the use of human mammary
cancer cells to study estrogen-induced protein. These chapters are followed by
vii
viii Preface
chapters on the hormone regulation of the synthesis of milk fat in mammary
epithelial cells and on the expression of prolactin and casein genes in the mam
mary cell.
The mechanism of estrogen action is again a dominant theme in chapters
on sequential regulation of gene expression and on uterine hypertrophy. The
emphasis here is on estrogen-induced protein and estrogen stimulation, mRNA,
rRNA, and tRNA synthesis, as well as the nature of the proteins on which
increased production of ribosomes might depend. These include RNA polymerase,
ribosomal proteins, ribonuclease, and nonhistone chromatin proteins.
There follows a chapter on the molecular mechanisms by which eukaryotic
cells regulate the expression of specific genes. The model here is the regulation
of the uteroglobin gene. This detailed chapter includes the structure and function
of uteroglobin, its distribution and hormonal control, preuteroglobin mRNA,
hormonal regulation of transcription of its gene, cloning and characterization of
preuteroglobin cDNA, and, finally, isolation and structural analysis of the
uteroglobin gene. Another chapter deals with the evolution and regulation of
genes for growth hormone and prolactin. Of interest is the use of cultured rat
pituitary cells and transcription of nuclei in vitro, as well as the use of many
techniques of recombinant DNA technology.
The next chapter, on androgenic control of gene expression in prostate,
involves cloning of prostate cDNAs, expression of RNA with isolation of prostatic
binding protein genes, and their characterization.
The final chapters deal with estrogen and progesterone receptors in the brain
and regulation of peptide hormone synthesis in the hypothalamus at the
transcriptional level, as well as posttranscriptional processing and modification.
There was no meeting based on the monograph Regulation of Gene Expres
sion by Hormones. A meeting of the Foundation in late September, 1982, was
held in Geilo, Norway, to present and discuss chapters to be included in the
monograph, Regulatory Mechanisms in Target-Cell Responsiveness. Professor
Asbj~m Aakvaag and Dr. Vidar Hanssen arranged the marvelous hotel and
conference facilities as well as the social and cultural activities. This was also
the opportunity to discuss new and exciting research developments, to plan the
future activities of the Foundation, and to arrange research programs between
our members' laboratories.
Kenneth W. McKems
Blue Hill Falls, Maine
Contents
1 Hormone Action in Human Breast Cancer: Estrogen
Regulation of Specific Proteins
David J. Adams, Dean P. Edwards, and William L. McGuire
1. Introduction 1 • 2. Are Breast Tumors True Targets for Estrogen
Action? 2 • 3. Estrogen-Regulated Protein Synthesis in Human Breast
Cancer 5 • 4. Conclusions 19 • References 21
2 Modulation of an Estrogen-Induced Protein in the
MCF Human Mammary Cancer Cell
7
Henri Rochefort
1. Introduction 27 • 2. Estrogen-Induced Proteins Released by MCF
7
Cells in Culture 28 • 3. Dissociated Effect of Nonsteroidal Antiestrogens
30 • 4. Altered Activation of ER by Antiestrogens 32 • 5. BrdU
Incorporation into DNA Inhibits Estrogen-Induced Responses
33 • References 35
3 The Estrogen-Induced/Dependent Renal
Adenocarcinoma of the Syrian Hamster
Paul H. Naylor, Rabinder N. Kurl, Janet M. Loring, and Claude A. Villee
1. Introduction 39 • 2. Hypophysectomized Hamsters 41 • 3. Pituitary
Cells in Culture 42 • 4. Renal Adenocarcinoma Cells in Culture
43 • 5. Hormone Levels in Hamster Serum 47 • 6. Tumorogenesis via
Immunoendocrine Perturbations 48 • References 48
ix
x Contents
4 Stimulation of Milk-Fat Synthesis in Mammary
Epithelioid Cells by Progesterone
Robert T. Chatterton, Jr., Sheila M. Judge, Eldon D. Schriock, David Olive,
John N. Haan, and Harold G. Verhage
1. Introduction 51 • 2. Materials and Methods 54 • 3. Results
57 • 4. Discussion 66 • References 68
5 Prolactin and Casein Gene Expression in the
Mammary Cell
Louis-Marie Houdebine, Jean Djiane, Bertrand Teyssot, Jean-Luc Servely,
Paul A. Kelly, Claude DeLouis, Michele Ol/Mer-Bousquet, and Eve Devinoy
1. Introduction 71 • 2. The Expression of Casein Genes during Pregnancy
and Lactation 72 • 3. Relation between Casein Synthesis and Casein
rnRNA Concentration 73 • 4. The Control of Mammary Cell Hypertrophy
75 • 5. The Hormonal Control of Casein rnRNA Translation 77 • 6.
Variations of Casein Gene Transcription and Casein rnRNA Stability
78 • 7. Relation between Prolactin Receptor Occupancy and the
Hormonal Response 81 • 8. Action of Antiprolactin Receptor Antibodies
85 • 9. Role of Tubulin-Containing Structures in the Transmission of the
Prolactin Message to Casein Genes 88 • 10. Identification of a Possible
Second Messenger for Prolactin 90 • 11. Conclusions 93 • References
97
6 Sequential Regulation of Gene Expression by Estrogen
in the Developing Rat Uterus
Alvin M. Kaye
1. Introduction 103 • 2. Sequential Development of Estrogen
Responsiveness 104 • 3. Estrogen-Responsive Creatine Kinase
J08 • 4. Regulation of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 121 • 5.
Considerations for Future Study 122 • References 123
7 Estrogen-Induced Uterine Hypertrophy
John T. Knowler
1. Introduction 129 • 2. Estradiol-17~-Stimulated Uterine Hypertrophy
129 • 3. Estrogen-Stimulated hnRNA Synthesis and Its Maturation to
