Regionalism without Regions: Reconceptualizing Ukraine's Heterogeneity

478 Pages·2019·13.175 MB·English

by  Ulrich Schmid (editor), Oksana Myshlovska (editor)

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK
ABOUT THE EDITORS “There'sabeliefthatcrueltyrantsarerathersentimental.Buttheoppo- Why do tyrants of all people often
ABOUT THE EDITORS s“Riteegiisoanlaslodtirvuisei:olnik”eisthoinne-sokfinthneedmopsotrcpuoppiunleasra(wndithconnoveonffteionncaelintended R R R E G I O N A L I S M have a poetic vein? Where do terror
Albrecht Koschorke teaches literary tmoetthaapthworosntdoelrafbuellcpreoasttu-Sreo)vtiehteUykorfatienne.hIitdserethdeuicrtiinonneisrtintosneecuursiutiaelslyunder e E aThnids fciocltlieocntimone seht?owThs ehocwul tUukrraalinheistory
their macho armoury. This book of brilliant authors—from Gotter to c
studiesattheUniversityofKonstanz, neglectsthecomplexity,numerousentanglementsandcontradictions o G ocafnt obteasltit baeri aunndreergsitmooeds tishruonuwghr aitpsped
wUlhriechreSchhemiidniitsiaPtreodfestshoeroRfeRsuesasriacnh Žofižtehke—eextxrpelmoreelystfhaseceinvaetrilnagstUinkgrarienliaatniocnassheipthbaettswtiellelnacpkoslitthicesaannadlyptioceatlry n I irnegtieonnsc aasned shtuowdieitss,rsetugidoynins gmtuhset baretis-
through the life of these modern day 'shamans' of the world, including c O
CSteunditeesraotnthCeuUlntuivrearlsiTtyhoefoSrty.Gaanldlenth, e languagetodescribeit.RegionalismwithoutRegionsintroducesthe e W I T H O U T R E G I O N S tciocnasmidbeirteiodnasgoaifnNstetrhoe,Mbaucsksdorloinpi,Sta-
TSwheitozeryrlaonfdth.ePoliticalImaginary. Hreistluelrt,sSotafltinw,oMsauorvaenydsootfh6e,r0i0n0farmesopuosnddiecntatstocrosn.”ductedinUkrainein p N loinf ,thHei tnleart,ioMn.aoZedong,KimIl-sung,
t
2013and2015,Haanmdipdr eIssmenatisloav,t rUuzlybienkt ejorduirsncaiplilsitn aanrydr wesreitaerrc hlivpinagn oinra emxaile, u A Gaddafi,SaddamHussein,Saparmyrat
Konstantin Kaminskij is Assistant ofsociologaicuatlh,olirn goufiTsthice, Recaoilnwoamy,icTahl,eg eDoegardap Lhaikcael, fainnddinTghse. TDheevailus't hDoarnsce a L Nyyazow,andRadovanKaradžić.
Professor at the University of Kons- strivetocapturethedynamicsandtransformationsofUkraine's liz IS Reconceptualizing Ukraine’s Heterogeneity
tanz and the founder of the Central “idMeondtiefircnattiyornasntasnldikiedeMnutistsieosli,nain,dSttahlienir,Hdaittlaera,nMdacoonZcelduosinogn,sKmimakIel-sung, in M Theessaysmakeanimportantcontri-
AOskisaananadMCysahulocvasskuasiSscahpooosltdfoorctEocroal- thisbookanessentialpointofdepartureforfurtherresearch. g bThueti oanimt oofa tnhuismbboeorko isf ftioe lcdhsa:ltlheengsetudy
SaddamHusseinandothersthoughtofthemselvesastalentedintel-
lroesgeicaarclhEedruactatthioenG.raduateInstituteof U W othfet odtoamlitianraianncere ogfi mthees ,ncautilotunr-asltastteudies,
lectualswhohadlessonstoteachtheworldthroughtheirliteraryand
InternationalandDevelopmentStudies AndriiPortnov,ProfessorofEntangledHistoryofUkraine, k bpaioragdriagpmh iine stheo fantawlyesnesti eoft hU-kcraeinnetury
inGenevaandtheUniversityofBern, aEurtriostpiceaancUhineivveemrsietyntVsi.aWdrhinaat (eFfrfaencktfduirdt/tOhdiserh)ave on their policies? How ra IT lbeya idlleursst.rTahtienyg uthned einrstecrorerelatthioenfsrehqipuent
muchwastheterrortheyrainedontheirpeoplepartoftheirsenseofper-
Switzerland. formance?Thisperceptive,fascinatingworkexploresthewritingsofthese in H cboetrwreelaetnio nnatbioentwale aenndt yreragnionnicaallgover-
e O ndyannacmeicasn odf acnhaenxgcee.ssive passion for
andothertyrantsrangingfromRomanEmperorNerotothemurderous
’ language, and prove that the mer-
s U
leaderoftheBosnianSerbsRadovanKaradžić.Itisasoberingandenlight-
H gThineg aoutfhaorrtsis—tihcisatnodriapnosl,i tsicoaciloclohgairsistsm, a
eningbookthatneedstobereadtobetterunderstandthesemonsters.” T
e taennthdrsotpooljougsitsiftys, tehceoncolamimisttso, laitbesraorlyute
Daniel Chirot, University of Washington, author of te R pcroitwicesr, .and linguists from Ukraine,
Modern Tyrants. The Power and Prevalence of Evil in Our Age r E Poland, Switzerland, Germany, and
o
G
g the United States—go beyond the
e I perspective of a single entity defined
“A fascinating collection of illuminating contributions on the aesthetic n O
by traditional political borders and
passionsofpoliticalsociopaths.Mussolini,Stalin,Hitler,Mao,etal.,appear e N
i cultural, economic, historical, or
as they really were: a gallery of monsters engaged in romantic self- t S
y religious stereotypes. The research
aggrandizement.Underneaththemetaphorswediscovertheswampof
project that led to the composition
egocentric obsessions with unlimited power. Highly recommended to
of the book combined quantitative
O U E
allthosewhowanttograspthesecretsofthedictatorialmind,thisbook K L d (statistical surveys conducted across
revealsmuchoftheinnerlifeofthesoullesstyrants. S R it
AN ICH ed Ukraine) and qualitative (in-depth
Vladimir Tismaneanu, University of Maryland, author of A b interviews and focus-group discussion)
The Devil in History: Communism, Fascism, and M SC y methods. The authors came to the
Y H
Some Lessons of the Twentieth Century S M conclusion that regionalism as a
H
L ID defining phenomenon of Ukraine is
O
V an more prominent than the regions
S
K d themselves. This approach regards
Frontcoverdesign©KonstanzUniversity CCeennttrraallEEuurrooppeeaannUUnniviveersrsitiytyPPreressss IISSBBNN9977889-6936338-76322062-653-9 A Ukraine as a construct in flux where
Press,EddyDecembrino BBuuddaappeesstt––NNeeww YYoorrkk different discourses intersect, concur,
Edited by and eventually merge through the
CoverdesignbyÉvaSzalay
SSaalleess aanndd iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn:: ULRICH SCHMID and lenses of various disciplines and
[email protected] methodologies.
[email protected]
9 789637 326639 90000 OKSANA MYSHLOVSKA
CoverdesignbyÉvaSzalay WWeebbssiittee::hhttttpp::////wwwwww.c.ceeuuppreressss.c.coomm
REGIONALISM WITHOUT REGIONS
RwR 00 könyv.indb 1 2019.07.01. 15:44
Leipzig Studies on the History and Culture
of East Central Europe, vol. 5
Series editors: Christian Lübke and stefan troebst
RwR 00 könyv.indb 2 2019.07.01. 15:44
REGIONALISM
WITHOUT REGIONS
Reconceptualizing Ukraine’s Heterogeneity
Edited by
ULriCh sChmid
and
oksana myshLovska
press
Central European University Press
Budapest–New York
RwR 00 könyv.indb 3 2019.07.01. 15:44
© 2019 Ulrich Schmid and Oksana Myshlovska
Published in 2019 by
Central European University Press
Nádor utca 11, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary
Tel: [phone] or 327-3000
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.ceupress.com
224 West 57th Street, New York NY 10019, USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the permission of the Publisher.
ISBN 978-963-7326-63-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Schmid, Ulrich, 1965- editor. | Myshlovska, Oksana, editor.
Title: Regionalism without regions : reconceptualizing Ukraine’s heterogeneity /
edited by Ulrich Schmid and Oksana Myshlovska.
Description: Budapest ; New York : Central European University Press, 2019. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018052010 | ISBN 9789637326639
Subjects: LCSH: Regionalism—Ukraine. | Political geography. | Cultural plural-
ism—Ukraine. | National characteristics, Ukrainian. | Ukraine—Social condi-
tions.
Classification: LCC JN6633.5.R43 R428 2019 | DDC 320.1/209477—dc23 LC
record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018052010
Printed in Hungary by Prime Rate Kft.
RwR 00 könyv.indb 4 2019.07.01. 15:44
Table of Contents
Note on Transliteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
List of Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
List of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
1. Introduction
Oksana Myshlovska, Ulrich Schmid and Tatjana Hofmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. The Regional Differentiation of Identities in Ukraine: How Many
Regions?
Maria Lewicka and Bartłomiej Iwańczak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3. The Ukrainian Past and Present: Legacies, Memory and Attitudes
André Liebich, Oksana Myshlovska, Viktoriia Sereda,
with Oleksandra Gaidai and Iryna Sklokina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4. Language(s) in the Ukrainian Regions: Historical Roots and the
Current Situation
Juliane Besters-Dilger, Kateryna Karunyk and Serhii Vakulenko . . . . . . . . . 135
5. Literary Mediascapes in Ukraine
Tatjana Hofmann, Anna Chebotarova, Alexander Kratochvil and
Ulrich Schmid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
RwR 00 könyv.indb 5 2019.07.01. 15:44
vi Table of Contents
6. Religion and the Cultural Geography of Ukraine
Catherine Wanner and Viktor Yelensky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
7. Recent Regional Economic Development in Ukraine: Does History
Help to Explain the Differences?
Yaroslav Prytula, Natalia Pohorila, Svitlana Tyahlo, Elena Denisova-
Schmidt and Martin Huber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
8. Ukraine in 2013–2014: A New Political Geography
Yaroslav Hrytsak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
9. Renegotiating Ukrainian Identity at the Euromaidan
Anna Chebotarova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
10. Conclusion
Oksana Myshlovska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Notes on Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Note on Transliteration
Transliteration from Ukrainian in this volume is done in accordance with
the transliteration system adopted by Decision 55 of the Cabinet of Min-
isters of Ukraine, January 27, 2010, “Pro vporiadkuvannia transliteratsii
ukrainskoho alfavitu latynytseiu,” http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/55-
2010-%D0%BF. Geographical references were transliterated from Ukrai-
nian names, where appropriate.
RwR 00 könyv.indb 6 2019.07.01. 15:44
List of Tables
Table 2.1. Frequencies of respondents in twenty-seven administrative
units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 2.2. Overview of identity profiles and their geographical
representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 3.1. Respondents’ attitudes to the main holidays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 3.2. Main national holidays of the Soviet Union and of
Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 3.3. Regional distribution of positive answers to the question:
“Would you agree to the erection (or preservation) of a (or the)
monument to …” (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Table 3.4. Frequencies of selection of each personality and mean
values of respondents’ attitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Table 3.5. Regional division of mean values attributed to each
historical personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Table 3.5. Regional division of mean values attributed to each
historical personality (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Table 3.6. Regional distribution of respondents’ positive attitudes to
street renaming (mean) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Table 3.7. Mean values of importance attributed to the listed
historical events/periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Table 3.8a. Regional division of mean values attributed to each
historical period/event, per oblast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
RwR 00 könyv.indb 7 2019.07.01. 15:44
viii List of Tables
Table 3.8 b. Regional division of mean values attributed to each
historical period/event (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Table 4.1. Overall periodization of the history of literary Ukrainian . . 137
Table 4.2. Position of Ukrainian with respect to the dominant
languages in various Ukrainian regions by the end of the eighteenth
century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 4.3. The essential features of the rationalist and Romantic
models of language standardization according to Geeraerts
(2003, 40) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Table 4.4. Differences in language-planning processes between the
Russian-ruled and the Austrian-ruled parts of Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Table 4.5. Mother tongue (ridna mova) in different regions
(in percentage; survey questions 1 and 53) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Table 4.6. Attitude toward Russian as a second state language
(in percentage, survey questions 1 and 51) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Table 4.7. Requested language competence of civil servants
(in percentage, survey questions 1 and 56) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Table 4.8. Compulsory language subjects at school (in percentage,
survey questions 1 and 60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Table 5.1. Is there any language in which a book is published
which may be the reason not to purchase it? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Table 5.2. Knowledge of and attitudes to authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Table 5.3. Factor analysis of the list of authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Table 5.4. Answers to the survey question “Which author’s works do
you like?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Table 6.1. Number of Orthodox faithful per church building (mid-
nineteenth century) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Table 6.2. Changes in the religious landscape after independence . . . . 262
Table 6.3. Confessional allegiances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Table 6.4. Trust in the church (percentage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Table 6.5. Social role of the church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
RwR 00 könyv.indb 8 2019.07.01. 15:44
List of Tables ix
Table 6.6. Assessment of the role the church plays in society by
denomination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Table 6.7. Church as a defender of social justice (regional
distribution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Table 6.8. Church as a defender of social justice (denominational
distribution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Table 6.9. Do you support your church financially? (percentage) . . . . 276
Table 6.10. Do you support your church financially? (percentage) . . . 276
Table 6.11. Have you heard about the “Russian World” doctrine? . . . . 282
Table 6.12. In your opinion, what does the “Russian World”
doctrine mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Table 7.1. Correlation matrix of different measures of attitudes
to risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Table 7.2. Regional differences in attitudes to risk in Ukraine . . . . . . . . . 309
Table 7.3a. Determinants of individual attitudes to risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Table 7.3b. Determinants of individual attitudes to risk (continued) 313
Table 7.4. The survey questions and factor loads of the envy scale . . . 321
Table 7.5. Pearson’s correlation of envy with IPIW and life
satisfaction in six regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Table 7.6. OLS regression of envy and life satisfaction on the place
of residence and demographic characteristics, the whole population
and urban population, standardized betas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Table 7.7. Risk tolerance in a static and dynamic game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Table 7.8. Prior business experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Table 7.9. Median firm characteristics across clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Table 7.10. Financing sources for business establishment or
extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Table 7.11. Median firm expectations under normal market
conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Table 7.12. Location preferences given geographical presence of
existing partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
RwR 00 könyv.indb 9 2019.07.01. 15:44