Regionalism, Multiculturalism, and the Politics of Global Trade

321 Pages·2002·18.217 MB·English

by  Donald Barry, Ronald C. Keith

Regionalism, Multilateralism, and
the Politics of Global Trade
Canada and International Relations
Kim Nossal and Brian Job, General Editors
1. David G. Haglund, ed., The New Geopolitics of Minerals: Canada and
International Resource Trade
2. Donald McRae and Gordon Munro, eds., Canadian Oceans Policy:
National Strategies and the New Law of the Sea
3. Theodore H. Cohn, The International Politics of Agricultural Trade:
Canadian-American Relations in a Global Agricultural Context
4. Russell S. Uhler, ed. Canada-United States Trade in Forest Products
;
5. A. Claire Cutler and Mark W. Zacher, eds., Canadian Foreign Policy
and International Economic Regimes
6. Andrew F. Cooper, Richard A. Higgott, and Kim Richard Nossal,
Relocating Middle Powers: Australia and Canada in a Changing World
Order
7. Lawrence T. Woods, Asia-Pacific Diplomacy: Nongovernmental
Organizations and International Relations
8. James Rochlin, Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian
Foreign Policy Towards Latin America
9. Michael Hart, with Bill Dymond and Colin Robertson, Decision at
Midnight: Inside the Canada-US Free-Trade Negotiations
10. Amitav Acharya and Richard Stubbs, eds., New Challenges for ASEAN:
Emerging Policy Issues
11. Donald Barry and Ronald C. Keith, eds., Regionalism, Multilateralism,
and the Politics of Global Trade
Edited by Donald Barry
and Ronald C. Keith
Regionalism, Multilateralism, and
the Politics of Global Trade
UBCPress • Vancouver • Toronto
© UBC Press 1999
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior
written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying
or other reprographic copying, a licence from CANCOPY (Canadian Copyright
Licensing Agency), 900 - 6 Adelaide Street East, Toronto, ON M5C 1H6.
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper °°
ISBN 0-7748-0751-2 (hardcover)
ISBN 0-7748-0752-0 (paperback)
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Regionalism, multilateralism, and the politics of global trade
(Canada and international relations, ISSN 0847-0510; 11)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7748-0751-2 (bound); ISBN 0-7748-0752-0 (pbk.)
1. International economic relations. 2. Regionalism. 3. Trade blocs.
4. Canada - Foreign economic relations. 5. Canada - Commercial policy.
I. Barry, Donald, 1947-. II. Keith, Ronald C. III. Series.
HF 1379.R43 1999 337.1 C99-910999-5
UBC Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada
through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) for our
publishing activities.
Canada
We also gratefully acknowledge the ongoing support to our publishing program
from the Canada Council for the Arts and the British Columbia Arts Council.
Set in Stone by Brenda and Neil West, BN Typographies West
Printed and bound in Canada by Friesens
Copy editor: Maureen Nicholson
Proofreader: Joanne Richardson
UBC Press
University of British Columbia
6344 Memorial Road
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2
[phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
www.ubcpress.ubc.ca
For Jennifer and Andrew
and
Leia and Amy
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Preface /ix
Rt. Hon. Joe Clark
Acknowledgments / xv
Acronyms / xvi
Introduction: Changing Perspectives on Regionalism and
Multilateralism / 3
Donald Barry and Ronald C. Keith
Part 1: Regionalism, Globalism, and the State
1 A Matter of Synergy: The Role of Regional Agreements in the Multilateral
Trading Order / 25
Michael Hart
2 Regionalism and the Evolving Global Trade System / 54
Gilbert R. Winham
3 Globalization, Regionalism, and the Analysis of Domestic
Public Policy/71
William D. Coleman and Anthony Perl
Part 2: Dynamics of Regional Integration
4 The European Union as a Regional System / 95
Charles C. Pentland
viii Contents
5 The Dynamics of Integration in the Americas: A Look at the Political
Economy of NAFTA Expansion /112
Robert K. McCleery
6 APEC's Evolving Trade Structure / 139
Steve Chan
Part 3: Interregional Relations
7 The European Union and the United States: A New Balance of Influence
in the Global Political Economy /157
Carolyn Rhodes
8 North American-Asian Relations, Asian Regionalism, and the Future of
Asia Pacific Regionalism /ISO
Charles E. Morrison
9 ASEM: Toward the Institutionalization of the East Asia-Europe
Relationship? / 194
Richard Higgott
Part 4: Whither Canada?
10 Thinking Globally, Acting Regionally: Assessing Canada's Response to
Regionalism / 213
Tom Keating
11 The Pursuit of Economic Architecture by Diplomatic Means:
The Case of Canada in Europe / 228
Denis Stairs
12 Playing by the "Rules"? Canada's APEC Policy / 253
Ronald C. Keith and Patricia L. Maclachlan
Part 5: Summing Up
13 A World of Regions or a Single Trade Order? / 277
Charles F, Doran
Contributors / 293
Index / 296
Preface
Rt Hon. Joe Clark, PC CC
I learned about Canada's international relations on the job and as a politi-
cian, not as an academic or as a diplomat. I tried to apply internationally
what I had learned about Canada at home. That is the spirit in which I
accepted the invitation to write the preface for Regionalism, Multilateralism,
and the Politics of Global Trade. The case I shall try to make is that the issues
discussed in this book depend as much on diplomatic and political factors
as they do on trade and economics.
Nations' ideas about themselves are important. One of Canada's basic
dilemmas is that Canadians lack the compelling national myths that hold
together countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.
These myths let other countries embrace confidently differences at home,
or enter confidently into multinational arrangements, without fear of
losing their identity. A stronger sense of Canada's role in the world would
also fortify our sense of identity and purpose at home.
The subject of this book interests me, both because it refers to coopera-
tion, which calls on the skills that, traditionally, have been a Canadian
trademark, at home and internationally, and because we have seen our-
selves as a link between North America and Europe, on the one hand,
and between North America and Asia, on the other. An important part of
our role in NATO, and in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in
Europe, was to keep cool through recurring contests between Washington
and European capitals, and to remind them of our common purposes and
heritage. In Asia, we have been able to take large initiatives, like the formal
recognition of the People's Republic of China, and more modest ones, like
the North Pacific Security Dialogue, which contributed to a sense of com-
munity, not conflict, across the Pacific. Indeed, the decision to finally
assume our full responsibilities in the Organization of American States re-
flected a view that we could also bridge differences in our own hemisphere.
The Canadian government in which I served as foreign minister was