Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012

154 Pages·1970·1.49 MB·English

RAP PUBLICATION 2012/26
ASIA-PACIFIC FISHERY COMMISSION
Regional overview of
fisheries and aquaculture
in Asia and the Pacific
2012
100 000
80 000
China
60 000
Rest of
40 000 the world
20 000
APFIC
member
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
viii
RAP PUBLICATION 2012/26
Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC)
Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in
Asia and the Pacific 2012
Simon Funge-Smith, Matthew Briggs, Weimin Miao
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 2012
i
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do
not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any
country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers
or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or
not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or
recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
ISBN 978-92-5-107474-9
© FAO 2013
FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information
product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed
for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or
services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright
holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not
implied in any way.
All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial
use rights should be addressed to www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or to
[email protected].
FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and
can be purchased through [email protected].
For copies please write to:
The Secretary
Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
THAILAND
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
ii
Foreword
The Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) is committed to acting as a regional consultative
forum, providing member countries, regional organizations and fisheries professionals in the
region with the opportunity to review and discuss the challenges facing the region’s fisheries
sector and helping them decide on the most appropriate actions to take. As part of this function,
APFIC prepares a biennial status report to inform member countries and other stakeholders of
trends in fisheries and aquaculture in the region and of emerging issues and other information
tracking related to fisheries governance. The report is prepared for and provided to member
countries and other stakeholders to assist in their deliberations during the biennial APFIC
regional consultative forum meeting and the regular session of the Commission.
The present report Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012
provides information on trends in fisheries and aquaculture in the region as well as short reviews
of some current issues facing fisheries and aquaculture in the region that are likely to challenge
the sector as it adapts to the continuously changing production and market environments.
The marine capture fisheries section of the report has been organized to reflect the three large
ecosystems of interest to the region, namely the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal and
the Sulu-Sulawesi/Timor-Arafura Seas subregions. The aquaculture review is organized around
different commodity groups and their respective characteristics.
As a regional sourcebook of trends in fisheries and aquaculture, the information contained in
this review will support regional dialogue on the status of these marine fishery subregions and
the commodity trends in aquaculture.
Hiroyuki Konuma
Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
iii
iv
Preparation of this document
This document was prepared for the Thirty-second Session of the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission
(APFIC), which was held in Da Nang, Viet Nam from 20 to 22 September 2012.
APFIC has continued to implement its new role as a regional consultative forum and is endeavouring to
respond effectively to the changing requirements in the fisheries and aquaculture sector in the region.
APFIC is committed to improving the quality of information on the status and trends of fisheries and
aquaculture in the region and to reviewing and analyzing this information regularly. The purpose of this
document is to inform APFIC member countries of the current status and potential of fisheries and
aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific region and of the emerging issues facing the sector.
This review would not have been possible without access to the national statistical information of APFIC
member countries, FAO colleagues, the work of regional organizations such as Southeast Asian Fisheries
Development Center (SEAFDEC), Bay of Bengal Programme International Governmental Organization
(BOBP-IGO) and the many others that collate and analyze information relevant to the fishery and
aquaculture subsectors of the region. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the dedicated
contributions by country correspondents:
– Mohamed Ahusan, Senior Research Officer, Marine Research Centre, H. White Waves
Moonlight Hingun, Male 20025, Republic of Maldives
– Ahmad Abu Talib, SEAFDEC-MFRDMD, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Fisheries
Garden, Chendering, 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
– Rattanawalee Phoonsawat, Fisheries Biologist, Marine Fisheries Research and Development
Bureau, Department of Fisheries Thailand, 49 Soi Prarachaveriyaporn 16, Bang Pheung, Phra
Pradeang, Samut Prakan 10130, Thailand
– Duto Nugroho, Researcher, Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF), Jalan Muara
Baru Ujung, Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
– Noel Barut, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture, Arcadia
Building, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines
– E. Vivekanandan, Principal Scientist, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box
No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India
– Champa Amarasiri, Former Director, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development
Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka
– Myint Pe, Assistant Director, Department of Fisheries, Sinmin Road, Ahlone Township,
Yangon, Myanmar
– Yongsong Qiu, Chief of Fishery Resources Division, South China Sea Fisheries Research
Institute, 231 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510300, China
– M. Jalilur Rahman, Senior Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Marine
Fisheries and Technology Station, Cox’s Bazar 4700, Bangladesh
Bibliographic reference
Funge-Smith, S., Briggs, M. & Miao, W. 2012. Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia
and the Pacific 2012. Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the
Pacific. RAP Publication 2012/26. 139 pp.
v
vi
Table of contents
Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... iii
Preparation of this document......................................................................................................... v
Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1
Geographical scope of this review: states, entities and areas.................................................. 1
Marine capture fisheries ............................................................................................................ 1
Inland fisheries........................................................................................................................... 2
Aquaculture ................................................................................................................................ 2
General trends in marine capture fisheries and in the APFIC region....................................... 2
Issues of ‘nei’ reporting species composition in national statistics........................................ 3
Classifications of APFIC region national fishery management areas...................................... 4
Fisheries classifications ................................................................................................................. 6
Subregional overviews of marine capture fisheries.................................................................... 8
Trends in marine capture fishery production in the South China Sea subregion .................. 10
Changes in species composition in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand subregion.... 12
Fishery/stock assessments........................................................................................................ 15
Trends in CPUE/catch rates ...................................................................................................... 19
Low-value/trash fish production................................................................................................. 21
Fishmeal production................................................................................................................... 22
Capture production of surimi species........................................................................................ 23
Fishery zoning............................................................................................................................ 24
Management measures ............................................................................................................. 25
Vessel numbers.......................................................................................................................... 25
Employment................................................................................................................................ 27
Marine protected areas, closed areas and others .................................................................... 27
Trends in marine capture fishery production in the Bay of Bengal.......................................... 29
Marine resource management................................................................................................... 29
Fisheries by country................................................................................................................... 30
Catch composition trends in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea subregion ....................... 32
Fishery/stock assessments........................................................................................................ 35
Hilsa shad and Indian mackerel ecosystem-based fisheries in the Bay of Bengal................. 39
Trends in CPUE/catch rates ...................................................................................................... 41
Low-value/trash fish production................................................................................................. 44
Fishmeal production................................................................................................................... 45
Capture production of surimi species........................................................................................ 46
Fishery zoning............................................................................................................................ 47
Management measures ............................................................................................................. 48
Vessel numbers.......................................................................................................................... 49
Employment................................................................................................................................ 50
Marine protected areas, closed areas and others .................................................................... 51
Trends in capture fishery production in the Sulu-Sulawesi and Timor-Arafura Seas
subregion .......................................................................................................................................... 52
Catch composition trends and production in the Sulu-Sulawesi and Timor-Arafura Seas
subregion.................................................................................................................................... 53
vii
Table of contents (continued)
Page
Composition of catch landings................................................................................................... 56
Fishery/stock assessments........................................................................................................ 57
Trends in CPUE/catch rates ...................................................................................................... 60
Low-value/trash fish production................................................................................................. 62
Fishing zones............................................................................................................................. 62
Management measures ............................................................................................................. 63
Aquaculture trends in Asia and the Pacific region...................................................................... 64
Changes in the production of top species of the region............................................................ 67
Species composition ....................................................................................................................... 69
Freshwater carnivorous finfish species..................................................................................... 69
Marine and brackish water finfish species................................................................................ 73
Freshwater finfish requiring lower inputs .................................................................................. 79
Crustaceans ............................................................................................................................... 90
Molluscs...................................................................................................................................... 97
Aquatic plants............................................................................................................................. 100
Reptiles and amphibians ........................................................................................................... 103
Niche aquaculture species......................................................................................................... 104
Subregional trends in aquaculture production............................................................................ 106
Trends in South Asia.................................................................................................................. 106
Trends in Southeast Asia........................................................................................................... 110
China .......................................................................................................................................... 115
Other Asia................................................................................................................................... 122
Oceania ...................................................................................................................................... 126
Inland capture fishery production ................................................................................................. 130
Employment in inland fisheries in Asia (selected countries) .................................................... 130
Examples of fish consumption................................................................................................... 132
International and regional agreements......................................................................................... 134
Binding agreements................................................................................................................... 134
Voluntary agreements................................................................................................................ 136
viii