Regional Insecurity After the Arab Uprisings: Narratives of Security and Threat

238 Pages·2015·2.098 MB·English

by  Elizabeth Monier (eds.)

NewSecurityChallengesSeries
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andInternationalStudiesattheUniversityofWarwick,UK,andDirectoroftheESRC’sNew
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COUNTERINGGLOBALTERRORISMANDINSURGENCY
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REGIONALINSECURITYAFTERTHEARABUPRISINGS
NarrativesofSecurityandThreat
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Regional Insecurity After
the Arab Uprisings
Narratives of Security and Threat
Editedby
Elizabeth Monier
UniversityofWarwick,UK
Introduction,selectionandeditorialmatter©ElizabethMonier2015
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015
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Contents
Foreword ix
Acknowledgements xiii
NotesonContributors xiv
1 Introduction:Narrativesof(In)securityand(In)stabilityin
theMiddleEast 1
ElizabethMonier
Part I RegionalApproachestoSecurity:TheCaseof
theMiddleEastandNorthAfrica
2 Region,Security,RegionalSecurity:“WhoseMiddleEast?”
Revisited 19
PinarBilgin
3 RegionalizingSecurityintheMiddleEast:Connectingthe
RegionalandtheGlobal 40
LouiseFawcett
4 Sub-regionsandSecurityintheArabMiddleEast:
“hierarchicalinterdependence”inGulf-LevantRelations 58
MarinaCalculli
Part II IdentityandThreatPerceptionsasRegional
SecurityChallenges
5 Self–OtherConstructions,DifferenceandThreat:USand
Arab“Othering”ofIran 85
SybilleReinkedeBuitrago
6 WhoseSecurityLensonGenderMattersintheArab
Uprisings? 107
MarizTadros
7 TheGeopoliticsoftheSunni–ShiaRift 129
AugustusRichardNorton
vii
viii Contents
Part III SecurityandSecuritizingtheMiddleEast
AftertheArabSpring
8 AResurgenceinArabRegionalInstitutions?TheCasesof
theArabLeagueandtheGulfCooperationCouncil
Post-2011 151
SallyKhalifaIsaac
9 TheSeason’sPendulum:ArabSpringPoliticsandIsraeli
Security 168
TamiAmandaJacoby
10 NeighbourhoodNarrativesFrom“ZeroProblemsWith
Neighbours”to“PreciousLoneliness”:Turkey’s
ResecuritizedMiddleEastPolicyAftertheArabSpring 187
BezenBalamirCos¸kun
11 TheMiddleEastTornBetweenRivalChoices:Islamism,
InternationalSecurityandDemocraticPeace 204
BassamTibi
Index 224
Foreword
The 11 chapters of this book not only link with the overall debate in
security studies but also aim to push it further. This volume thus joins
thefew,stillfew,booksonthisregionwhichaimtogobeyondthetradi-
tionalmilitary-based“nationalsecurity”conceptandbringinidentity,
normsandnarrativesofthreatsfrominsidetheregion.Simplyput,the
bookdrivesthepointhomethatsecurityhasindeed“manyfaces”.
The book’s chapters bring to light some of the under-studied aspects
ofMiddleEastsecurity.Intheprocess,itenrichestheoverallworldsecu-
ritydebate,makingitmorereflectiveofvariousregionalcontexts.This
debatewillcontinuetobecomemoreuniversalasitcontinuestoevolve.
Inthe1960sand1970s,traditionalstrategicstudieswiththeirempha-
sisonexternalandmilitarythreatswerecontestedby“peaceresearch”.
Peaceresearchattemptedtoattractattentiontonon-militarythreatsand
emphasizedtheneedtogobeyondtheobsessionwithbalanceofpower,
deterrenceandarmsraces.TheendoftheColdWar,withoutthefeared
nuclearcollision,widenedthe“securitydebate”evenmore.Itwasthen
explicitlystatedthat“national-security”wasnotonlytoostate-centred
butcouldalsoberegime-serving.“Cryingwolf”isusedbymanyelitesin
powertodrainnationalresourcesawayfromseriousnationalproblems
andenablethemtostayinpower.“Humansecurity”,sinceitsinception
by Mahboub El-Haq in a World Bank publication in 1994, promoted a
moresociety-centredconcernwithsecurity.
However, the spectre of the state as the basic referent continued to
haunt security studies. This book, with its study of intra-state con-
flicts and regional organizations, is a further invitation to relax the
unduly statist and unjustified straitjacket. Instead, it attracts attention
to a Middle East security complex with its increasingly multi-layered
threatdimension.Thebookalsomakesusthinkofpotentialinsecurity
spillovers: from al-Qaeda’s 9/11 internationalization to France’s semi-
equivalent to 9/11 (Charlie Hebdo) in January 2015, and even potential
IslamicStateofSyriaandIraq(ISIS)attacksandthepresenceofasimilar
componentof(un)civilsociety.
Infact,andasaresultofthisover-crowdedmapofthreats,writingon
the Middle East at the present more than at any other time should be
humbling. You are shooting at a moving target. Actors and factors are
notonlytoomany,buttheirshiftingconnectionsandalliancesaddto
ix