Refugees, the State and the Politics of Asylum in Africa (St. Antony's)

254 Pages·2009·1.79 MB·English

by  James H. S. Milner

St Antony’s Series
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Refugees, the State and
the Politics of Asylum
in Africa
James Milner
Assistant Professor of Political Science
Carleton University, Canada
In Association with
St Antony’s College, Oxford
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© James H. S. Milner 2009
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In loving memory of my father,
William Stephenson Milner
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Contents
List of Illustrations viii
List of Abbreviations ix
Acknowledgements xii
Maps xvi
1 Understanding the State and Asylum in Africa 1
2 A History of Asylum in Africa 18
3 The Principle and Practice of Burden Sharing with Africa 39
4 Host State Security and Refugee Movements in Africa 61
5 Kenya 84
6 Tanzania 108
7 Guinea 135
8 The Politics of Asylum in Africa 161
Notes 189
Bibliography 194
Index 221
vii
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Illustrations
Maps
0.1 UNHCR operations in Kenya (31 December 2006) xvi
0.2 UNHCR operations in Tanzania (31 December 2006) xvii
0.3 UNHCR operations in Guinea (31 December 2006) xviii
7.1 UNHCR operations in Guinea (March 2000) 140
Figures
2.1 Refugee population in Africa (1967–2005) 21
3.1 Top 10 donors to UNHCR (1995–2005) 47
5.1 Refugee population in Kenya (1980–2005) 91
5.2 Instances of violent crime in
Dadaab refugee camps (1998–2003) 99
6.1 Refugee population in Tanzania (1980–2005) 124
7.1 Refugee population in Guinea (1980–2005) 138
Tables
3.1 Refugee populations: Africa and Global (1954–2004) 42
3.2 Geographic resettlement quotas (2003–04) 50
8.1 Major protracted refugee situations in Africa
(1 January 2005) 169
viii
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Abbreviations
ADFL Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Zaïre/
Congo (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of
Zaire/Congo)
AFP L’Agence France-Presse
AFRC Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Sierra Leone
AI Amnesty International
ANC African National Congress
BMS Brigade Mixte de Sécurité (Mixed Security Brigade), Guinea
BNCR Bureau National pour la Coordination des Refugiés, Guinea
CCM Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Party of the Revolution),
Tanzania
CIREFCA International Conference on Central American Refugees
CNISR Commission Nationale pour l’Intégration et le Suivi des
Réfugiés, Guinea
CPA Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees
CRS Centre for Refugee Studies, York University
DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
ECOMOG ECOWAS Monitoring Group
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
ECRE European Council on Refugees and Exiles
EPAU Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR
ERP Economic Recovery Programme, Tanzania
EU European Union
ExCom Executive Committee of the High Commissioner’s
Programme, UNHCR
FDD Forces de la démocratie, Burundi
FGoR Former Government of Rwanda
FRELIMO Frente de Libertaçao de Moçambique (Front for the National
Liberation of Mozambique)
GDP Gross Domestic Product
HEP Humanitarian Evacuation Programme for Kosovar
Refugees
HRW Human Rights Watch
HTP Humanitarian Transfer Programme for Kosovar Refugees
ix
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