Table Of ContentREFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL CHINA
STUDIES ON THE CHINESE ECONOMY
General Editors: Peter Nolan, Lecturer in Economics and Politics, University
of Cambridge, and Fellow and Director of Studies in Economics, Jesus
College, Cambridge, England; and Dong FUI'eng, Professor, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
This series analyses issues in China's current economic development, and
sheds light upon that process by examining China's economic history. It
contains a wide range of books on the Chinese economy past and present,
and includes not only studies written by leading Western authorities, but also
translations of the most important works on the Chinese economy produced
within China. It intends to make a major contribution towards understanding
this immensely important part of the world economy.
Published titles inelude:
Dong Fureng
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CHINA'S RURAL
MODERNIZATION
Du Runsheng (edited by Thomas R. Gottschallg)
REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL CHINA
Qimiao Fan and Peter Nolan (editors)
CHINA'S ECONOMIC REFORMS
Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson and Harry X. Wu (editors)
RURAL ENTERPRISES IN CHINA
Gao Shangquan
CHINA'S ECONOMIC REFORM
Mkhael Korzec
LABOUR AND THE FAILURE OF REFORM IN CHINA
Nicholas K. Menzies
FOREST AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN IMPERIAL CHINA
Ryoshin Minami
THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA
Reform and
Development in
Rural China
Du Runsheng
Edited by
Thomas R. Gottschang
Associate Professor, Departmefll of Economics
Col/ege of the Holy Cross, Worcestet; Massachusells
© Du Runshcng and ·nwmas R. Gottschang 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 978-0-333-61123-4
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written pennission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written pennission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence pennitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London WI P 9HE.
Any person who docs any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
First published in Great Britain 1995 by
HIE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
04 03 02 01 (){) 99 98
ISBN 978-1-349-23667-1 ISBN 978-1-349-23665-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-23665-7
First published in the United States of America 1995 by
Scholarly and Reference Division,
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS,INC.,
175 Fiflh Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-12282-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Refonn ami development ill rural China I Du Rensheng ; edited by
Thomas R. Gottschang.
p. cm. --(Studies on the Chinese economy)
ISBN 978-0-312-12282-9
I. China-Economic policy-I 976- . I. Rural industries-China.
3. Agriculture-Econmnic aspects-China. I. Gottschang, Thomas R.
II. Title. 11/. Series.
HC427.92.T78 1995
338.951-dc20 94-12854
CIP
Contents
Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
Thomas R. Gottschang
2 Agricultural Collectivization in China:
Past and Present 20
Delivered to the Party School of the
Communist Party of China Central Committee,
28 November 1980
3 Developing the Rural Commodity Economy 35
Given at the Second National Study Class of
Leading Cadres in Charge of Agriculture,
11 May 1981
4 The Production Contract System is a
New Development of the Rural
Cooperative Economy 40
Delivered to the National Meeting of
Agricultural Secretaries, 23 November 1982
5 Rural Enterprises Must Develop Further 59
Delivered at the National Meeting on Rural
Enterprise Work, 6 January 1984
6 The Direction of Technological Transformation
in Chinese Agriculture 67
Delivered at the National Conference on
Exchanging Experiences in Popularizing
Science and Technology in Agriculture and
Forestry, 8 January 1984
7 Specialization and Commercialization in
Rural Production 82
Delivered at the National Conference on Rural
Development Planning. 29 October 1984
v
vi Contents
8 Social Goals Related to Development of the
Rural Commodity Economy 94
Delivered at tile National Conference on Rural Work,
20 December 1984
9 Expanding the Market Regulation of
Agricultural Products 107
Delivered at tile Communist Party Central School,
19 January 1985
10 Intriguing Prospects for Research on
Chinese Rural Problems 115
Given to the Research Group on Chinese Rural
Development, 16 April 1985
11 The Grain Problem 120
Given at the Eight Provinces Conference on the
Grain Problem, 8 SejJtember 1985
12 Rich }t'irst, Rich Later, and Prosperous
All Together 126
Given at the Conference on Rural Work of the
Party Central Committee, 20 December 1985
13 Relying on Science and Technology to Strengthen
the Economic Position of Agriculture 136
Given at the National Conference for Exchanging
Experiences in Regional Science and Technology
Work, 11 April 1986
14 Water Control Work Must Stress 'Economic Benefits 145
Given at the Conference on Rural Water Control
Work, 6 June 1986
15 Placing Agriculture in its Proper Position in the
National Economy and Raising Rural Incomes 151
November 1986
16 Striving for Stable Growth of the Rural Economy 161
Given at the Party Central Committee Conference on
Rural Work, 12 November 1986
Contents vii
17 Embarking upon the Path of Seeking Economic
Benefits through Refonn 179
1 March 1987
18 Refonn and Development in Stock-Raising Areas 187
Given at the National Conference on Work in
Stock-Raising Areas, 9 June 1987
19 Discussion of an Outward-Oriented Development
Strategy for the Coastal Areas 198
3 June 1987
20 Reflections on the Development of
Rural Cooperatives 207
Given at the first conJerence oj the Agricultural
Cooperativization Volume Editorial Committee,
12 December 1987
Glossary 219
Index 223
Preface
This collection of speeches was assembled and prepared for
publication under the auspices of Winrock International In
stitute for Agricultural Development at the request of Du
Runsheng and the former Rural Development Research Center
(RDRC) of the State Council, People's Republic of China.
Discussions with the RDRC were carried out by James E. Nickum
who served as the China representative of Win rock International
in Beijing from March 1986 to June 1988. Chinese texts ofthe
speeches and rough translations of about half of them were
provided to Dr Nickum by the staff of the RDRC. With the
"assistance of J. Ray Bowen III, translations of the remaining
speeches were commissioned in Beijing. Janet Sturgeon, Pro
gram Officer in charge of the Winrock International China
Program, supervised the entire project and personally trans
ported the Chinese texts and rough translations from Beijing
to the United States in the summer of 1988. All of the trans
lations were then checked against the Chinese texts and
revised for linguistic and economic accuracy by the editor.
A NOTE ON THE TRANSLATiONS
In addition to the formidable problems of translating any
Chinese text into English the speeches in this collection present
special difficulties because they deal with complex economic
concepts in the terminology of Chinese Marxist economics,
which differs significantly from that of Western neoclassical
economics. Wherever possible Chinese terms have been
translated into corresponding English terms. In cases where
the Chinese or Marxist term does not correspond to a term in
neoclassical economics or to a unique translation, the English
translation is accompanied by an explanation in parentheses
or in a note. Frequently appearing terms that may be unfamiliar
to non-Chinese readers are listed in the Glossary at the end of
the volume.
The overall editorial approach has been to try to present Du
Runsheng's ideas as they would be stated in standard English
ix
x Preface
while retaining as far as possible the original sentence struc
ture and flavour of Mr Du's language. Sections of some
speeches that were redundant or only tangentially related to
the main topic have been deleted.
NOTES TO THE TEXT
The original copies of the speeches contained notes to the
text which have been translated and included as endnotes to
their respective chapters. Additional notes are identified as
'editor's notes'.
