Reef Fishes East Indies Appendix 1 New Species Descriptions

97 Pages·2012·8.65 MB·English

by  Gerald Allen

SUNFISHES – MOLIDAE
Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, Date of Publication: March, 2012
APPENDIX I
NEW SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
1101
descriptions of twenty-five new species of reef fishes
from the east Indian region
IntroductIon
The following section includes descriptions of new taxa, just posterior to the gill opening; snout length is measured
collected during recent investigations in the East Indian from the anterior end of the upper lip to the anterior edge
region. Fourteen of these were taken at the Bird’s Head of the eye; eye diameter is the horizontal fleshy diameter,
Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia in connection with and interorbital width the least fleshy width unless stated
Conservation International-sponsored faunal surveys. The otherwise; upper jaw length is taken from the front of the
various new taxa are presented in phylogenetic order by family upper lip to the posterior end of the maxilla; caudal peduncle
and in alphabetical order within families. depth is the least depth, and caudal peduncle length is the
horizontal distance between verticals at the rear base of the
Species (family) Page anal fin and the caudal fin base; lengths of fin spines and rays
Scorpaenodes bathycolus (Scorpaenidae) 1104 are measured to their extreme bases (i.e., not from the point
Pseudanthias mica (Serranidae) 1106 where the ray or spine emerges from a basal scaly sheath if
Pseudochromis tigrinus (Pseudochromidae) 1110 present); caudal fin length is the horizontal length from the
Ostorhinchus tricinctus (Apogonidae) 1114 posterior edge of the hypural plate to a vertical at the tip of
Pentapodus komodoensis (Nemipteridae) 1118 the longest ray; caudal concavity is the horizontal distance
Forcipiger wanai (Chaetodontidae) 1122 between verticals at the tips of the shortest and longest rays;
Amblyglyphidodon flavopurpureus (Pomacentridae) 1126 pectoral fin length is the length of the longest ray; pelvic fin
Amblyglyphidodon silolona (Pomacentridae) 1130 length is measured from the base of the pelvic spine to the
Neoglyphidodon mitratus (Pomacentridae) 1136 filamentous tip of the longest soft ray; pectoral ray counts
Cirrhilabrus humanni (Labridae) 1138 include the small splint-like uppermost rudimentary ray; for
Iniistius naevus (Labridae) 1142 some non-gobioid fishes only the tube-bearing anterior lateral-
Pseudocoris petila (Labridae) 1146 line scales are counted; a separate count is given for the deeply
Parapercis bimacula (Pinguipedidae) 1150 pitted scales occurring in a continuous series midlaterally on
Parapercis sagma (Pinguipedidae) 1154 the caudal peduncle; the decimal figure “.5” appearing in the
Pteropsaron longipinnis (Trichonotidae) 1158 scale row count above and below the lateral line refers to a
Aspasmichthys alorensis (Gobiesocidae) 1162 small truncated scale at the respective bases of the dorsal and
Lepadichthys akiko (Gobiesocidae) 1164 anal fins; gill raker counts include all rudiments unless stated
Acentrogobius cenderawasih (Gobiidae) 1166 otherwise and are presented as separate counts for the upper
Grallenia baliensis (Gobiidae) 1170 and lower limbs as well as a combined count; the last fin ray
Tomiyamichthys gomezi (Gobiidae) 1174 element of the dorsal and anal fins is often branched near the
Tomiyamichthys nudus (Gobiidae) 1178 base and is counted as a single ray.
Tryssogobius sarah
(Gobiidae) 1182
Vanderhorstia wayag (Gobiidae) 1186 Counts and proportions appearing in parentheses apply to
Ptereleotris caeruleomarginata (Ptereleotridae) 1190 the range for the paratypes if different from the holotype
Ptereleotris rubristigma (Ptereleotridae) 1194 unless stated otherwise (e.g. gobiesocids). Type specimens
are deposited at the following institutions: Bernice P. Bishop
MaterIals and Methods Museum, Honolulu, (BPBM), Museum Zoologicum
Bogoriense, Cibinong, Java, Indonesia (MZB); National
Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM); and
Reference to specialised papers dealing with methodology
Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM).
for some species is provided in the individual descriptions.
General terminology and methodology applicable to most of
acknowledgeMents
the new species follows below.
Lengths of specimens are given as standard length (SL) Most importantly, we thank the Paine Family Foundation
measured from the anterior end of the upper lip to the base for their sponsorship of the book project that has directed
of the caudal fin (posterior edge of the hypural plate); head the survey work leading to the discovery of the new species
length (HL) is measured from the same anterior point to the described herein. Dexter and Susan Paine, and their children
posterior edge of the opercle flap; body depth is the maximum Mercy, Honor, and Samuel have been a joy to work with,
depth taken vertically between the belly and base of the and we have particularly enjoyed our annual cruises with the
M.Y. Silolona
dorsal spines, except gobies where it is taken at the pelvic fin family aboard the luxurious live-aboard vessel .
origin and anal fin origin; body width is the maximum width Likewise, we are forever grateful to the irrepressible Patti
1102 Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012
Gerald R. Allen & Mark V. Erdmann
Nusa Tara Raja Explorer Putri Papua
Seery and her exceedingly polished and hard-working crew , and ), Edi Frommenwiler
M.Y.Silolona Pindito Helena
on the ; without them this project would have ( liveaboard), Warwick Alliston ( liveaboard),
PutiRaja
never materialised. and Ken and Josephine Wiedenhoeft ( liveaboard). In
addition, Christine Huffard, Burt Jones, Maurine Shimlock,
We also thank Conservation International-Indonesia (CI- and Graham Abbott rendered valuable assistance during our
I) for sponsoring and organising much of the Indonesian fieldwork in West Papua.
field work involved in collection and photography of these
new species, especially Ketut Sarjana Putra, Christine We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of a
Huffard, Muhammad Erdi Lazuardi, Chris Rotinsulu, Defy wide range of donors for sponsoring much of the fieldwork in
Pada, Yasser Fauzan, Rudy Dimara, Ismu Hidayat, Ronald Indonesia leading to these new species discoveries, including
Mambrasar, Kris Thebu, Hengky Dimalouw, Timore Kristiani, the Walton Family Foundation, David and Lucile Packard
Laurentia Citra, Debbie Jacobs, Rosdiana Sinaga, Laure Katz, Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the
and Made Jaya Ratha. Likewise, the following staff members United States Agency for International Development and its
of WWF-Indonesia were very helpful in helping organise Coral Triangle Support Program (CTSP), Nancy Ritter, Alan
work in Teluk Cendrawasih: Creusa “Tetha” Hitipeuw, Benny Dynner, Dan Cohen, Wolcott Henry, Martha Davis, Rick
Noor, Jan Manuputty, Kartika Sumolang, Herman Orisu, and Yoder, Rodney and Nancy Chiamulon, Richard Sneider and
Veda Santiadji. Fabien Oberfeld, the Siebel Family Charitable Foundation,
and Sally-Christine and Randy Repass.
We are very grateful for the long-term and continuing support
of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), particularly We likewise extend sincere thanks to The Asian Conservation
the former Director of Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Company (particularly Leigh Talmage-Perez) and El Nido
Oseanologi, Prof. Suharsono, as well as other marine scientists Foundation (especially Irma Rose Marcelo) for hosting
in P2O LIPI that have played an important role in these several visits to the El Nido area of Palawan, Philippines. Our
new species descriptions, including Muhammad Adrim, work and logistics in El Nido were graciously facilitated by
Malikusworo Hutomo, M. Kasim Moosa, and Rianta Pratiwi. the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) of the El
We would like to equally thank colleagues in Pusat Penelitian Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area, the Palawan
Biologi, especially Renny Hadiaty, Prof. Rosichon Ubaidillah, Council for Sustainable Development, the Department of
and Pak Memet. Environment and Natural Resources, the Municipal and
Barangay governments of El Nido, Ten Knots Development
We thank the Indonesian Department of Nature Conservation Corporation, and the El Nido Foundation. We are especially
(PHKA) for their sponsorship of our Indonesian fieldwork, grateful to the staff of Miniloc, Lagen, and Apulit Island
particularly Ibu Cherryta Yunia and the past and current resorts for their excellent hospitality.
heads of the Papua BBKSDA (Frans Moga, T. Danisworo
and Suyatno Sukandar), as well as the following directors We thank the following for assistance in the field, curatorial
and staff of the Cendrawasih National Park Authority: Djati help, taxonomic advice, and the exchange of ideas: Paul Barber,
Witjakosono Hadi, Kemal Amas, Gunung Nababan, John Jeff Clayton, Lyndon DeVantier, Joshua Drew, Thomas Fraser,
Sroyer, Christine Matakupan and the late Titus Wemiyaupea. Anthony Gill, Helen Larson, Glenn Moore, Sue Morrison,
We also thank the following researchers from the State Daniel Polhemus, Richard Pyle, John Randall, Elizabeth
University of Papua for their assistance in fieldwork in Jones Sbrocco, Arnold Suzumoto, Emre Turak, and Marina
Teluk Cendrawasih: Hamid Toha, Paulus Boli, Emmanuel Winterbottom.
Manangkalangi, Ricky Tapilatu, and Roni Bawole. Also from
the Indonesian government, we’d like to especially thank the We also especially thank Ngurah Mahardika and Paul Barber
following government officials for inviting and supporting for assigning a number of their brightest young researchers at
survey work in their regions: West Papua Governor Abraham the Indonesia Biodiversity Research Center (IBRC) to tackle
Atururi and Bali Governor I Made Mangku Pastika, as well various reef fish genetics analyses associated with these new
as Raja Ampat Regent Marcus Wanma and Kaimana Regent species descriptions. Michele Weber put in a tremendous
Mathius Mairuma. amount of time and energy to shepherd these projects along,
while the following researchers continue to produce critical
We are also extremely grateful for the hospitality and generosity results from genetic analyses: Dita Cahyani, Aji Wahyu,
of the following Indonesian dive resort and liveaboard owners/ Muhammad Dailami, Andre Sembiring, Ngurah Narendra,
managers for their logistical support (extending of course to Astria Yusmalinda, Sari Nindhia, Alison Hamilton, and
their excellent and hardworking staff): Max Ammer (Papua Samantha Cheng.
Diving), Michael Cortenbach (Bali Scuba Academy), Adam
Malec (Scubadamarine), Andy and Marit Miners and Lauren, Finally, we are most grateful for the assistance of our wives
Sascha, Thorben, Calvin and Becky (Misool Eco Resort), Connie Allen and Arnaz Mehta and especially for their
Maya Hadorn and Nikson (Raja4Divers), Nyoman and Reno tolerance and understanding during our frequent long
Temu Kira
Kirtya (Grand Komodo Tours and the liveaboards , absences due to fieldwork.
Reef Fi shes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012 1103
New species of Scorpaenodes (Scorpaenidae)
FaMIly scorpaenIdae
Terminology and methods follow Eschmeyer (1969) with slight modification.
Scorpaenodes bathycolus
n. sp.
Allen & Erdmann
(Figs. 1-2; Table 1)
Holotype: MZB 20605, male, 62.5 mm SL, Pulau Panjang, supraocular, postocular, anterior and posterior parietal, lower
02°58.560’S, 132°17.732’E, southern Fakfak Peninsula, West posttemporal, tympanic, pterotic, sphenotic, opercular, and
Papua, Indonesia, 60 m, rotenone, M. Erdmann & G. Allen, cleithral.
21 March 2009.
Paratype (collected with holotype): WAM P.33090-007, 46.7 Table 1. Proportional measurements (as percentage of SL) for
Scorpaenodes bathycolus
mm SL. type specimens of .

Scorpaenodes
Diagnosis: A species of with elongate middle
Holotype Paratype
pectoral rays and lack of nasal spines; dorsal spines relatively
MZB WAM P.
long, longest spine 3.2-3.3 in head length; body relatively deep,
20605 33090
greatest depth 3.1-3.2 in SL; vertical scale rows 32; pectoral
rays 14-15; Dorsal rays XIII,8; colour generally blotchy
Standard length 67.9 66.7
reddish with scattered brown spots and streaks and median
fins translucent with red stripes or bars. Body depth 31.2 33.8
Body width 18.9 19.7
Description: Counts and proportions of holotype, followed Head length 44.0 46.5
by data for paratype in parentheses if different. Dorsal rays
Snout length 11.0 10.4
XIII,8; anal rays III,5; pectoral rays 15 except 14 on left side of
Orbit diameter 11.4 12.1
holotype; gill rakers on first branchial arch 6 + 8 (including 4
rudiments on upper arch); vertical scale rows 32; longitudinal Interorbital width 5.6 5.4
scale rows above lateral line 5, below lateral line 12; vertebrae 25. Caudal-peduncle depth 9.6 9.7
Caudal-peduncle length 15.7 14.7
Preorbital (lacrimal) bone with two broad lumps over
Upper-jaw length 23.0 22.5
maxillary; suborbital ridge with three spinous points, first two
under eye and third at posterior end of suborbital ridge; no Predorsal length 42.4 44.6
secondary row of spines below suborbital ridge; preopercular Preanal length 75.8 74.7
margin with five spines, two lowermost spines very small and Prepelvic length 38.4 37.2
bearing cirrus, third spine moderate-sized, and fourth spine
First dorsal-spine length 6.4 7.4
large with smaller fifth spine immediately anterior, arising at
Second dorsal-spine length 8.6 10.4
base; nasal spine absent; following spines present: preocular,
Longest dorsal-spine length 13.6 14.1
Twelfth dorsal-spine length 8.0 7.1
Thirteenth dorsal-spine length 12.5 11.0
Longest soft-dorsal ray 17.1 17.1
First anal-spine length 9.0 10.0
Second anal-spine length 18.1 19.3
Third dorsal-spine length 14.1 16.0
Longest soft-anal ray 21.3 21.0
Caudal-fin length 26.4 29.0
Pectoral-fin length 34.2 36.8
Pelvic-spine length 16.3 16.9
Pelvic-fin length 25.1 26.6
Figure 1. Scorpaenodes bathycolus, 80 mm TL., underwater photo of live
(anesthetised) holotype, 63.3 mm SL, Pulau Panjang, West Papua, Indonesia (G.
Allen photo)
1104 Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012
Gerald R. Allen & Mark V. Erdmann
Following measurements expressed as times in SL: body Remarks: The new species is apparently related to
Scorpaenodes albaiensis S.
depth 3.2 (3.0); head length 2.3 (2.1); predorsal length 2.4 (Evermann & Seale, 1907) and
minor
(2.2); preanal length 1.3; prepelvic length 2.6 (2.7). Following (Smith, 1958), which have sometimes been placed in a
Hypomacrus
measurements expressed as times in head length: body width separate genus , based on their elongate middle
2.3 (2.4); snout length 4.0 (4.5); orbit diameter 3.9 (3.8); pectoral rays and lack of nasal spines. Both of these features
S. bathycolus
interorbital width 7.9 (8.6); upper jaw length 1.9 (2.1). are also typical of . It shares lower counts of soft
dorsal rays (8), pectoral rays (usually 15) and vertical scale
S. minor
Finely ctenoid scales covering most of head and body, except rows (less than 34) with , but differs noticeably from
cycloid scales present on breast, abdomen, and cheek. Cirri that species in having a slightly deeper body (depth 3.1-3.2
S. minor
and skin flaps generally inconspicuous except for long (about versus usually 3.3-3.4 in SL for ), shorter dorsal
S. bathycolus
equal to eye diameter), simple cirrus at lower rear margin spines (longest spine 3.2-3.3 in head length for
S. minor
of preorbital (lacrimal); other small cirri associated with compared with about 4.6 for ) and a different colour
preopercular spines and other head spines; also short, scattered pattern, especially the predominately red colouration and
cirri on scales of upper back. absence of a prominent dark brown spot on the lower gill cover.
Band of fine villiform teeth in upper and lower jaw, with The new species is presently known only on the basis of the
scattered enlarged (more than twice height of other teeth) type specimens from the Fakfak Peninsula of West Papua,
teeth in both jaws, those of lower jaw mainly along outer row; Indonesia. The habitat consisted of a relatively flat or gradually
prominent enlarged symphyseal knob on lower jaw; V-shaped sloping sand-rubble bottom with scattered rock and coral
patch of villiform teeth on vomer; palatine teeth absent; outcrops in 60 m depth.
tongue slender and free.
bathycolus bathy
Etymology: The new species is named ( from
colus
Dorsal fin deeply notched, spines gradually increasing in the Greek, meaning depth, and from the Latin, meaning
length to seventh spine, first spine 6.9 (6.3), second dorsal dwelling in) with reference to the deep reef habitat of this
spine 5.1 (4.5), and seventh dorsal spine 3.2 (3.3), all in head species.
length; remaining dorsal spines gradually decreasing in length
to penultimate spine, its length 5.5 (6.5) in head length; last References
dorsal spine abruptly taller, its length 3.5 (4.2) in head length; Eschmeyer, W.N. A systematic review of the scorpionfishes of
Occasional Papers
longest soft dorsal ray (fourth) 2.6 (2.7) in head length; first the Atlantic Ocean (Pisces: Scorpaenidae).
of the California Academy of Sciences
anal spine 4.9 (4.7), second anal spine 2.4, third anal spine 3.1 79: 1-130.
(2.9), and longest soft anal ray 2.1 (2.2), all in head length;
pectoral fins with middle two rays (generally tenth and Evermann, B.W. & Seale, A. 1907. Fishes of the Philippine
Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries
eleventh, but easily damaged) greatly prolonged compared Islands. 26 (for 1906): 49-110.
to other rays; lowermost four rays (and two prolonged rays
immediately above) unbranched with free, filamentous distal Smith, J.L.B. 1958. Fishes of the families Tetrarogidae,
tips; pectoral-fin length 2.9 (2.7) in SL; length of pelvic fin 4.0 Caracanthidae and Synanciidae, from the western Indian Ocean
Ichthyological Bulletin
(3.8) and caudal fin 3.8 (3.4), both in SL; pelvic-spine length with further notes on scorpaenid fishes.
of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
2.7 (2.8) in head length. 12: 167-181.
Colour in life (Fig. 1): blotchy reddish with scattered brown
spots and streaks; dorsal fin with large reddish vertically
elongate patches along base and red distal tips on spinous
portion, continuous with red stripe across middle of soft
portion; also row of reddish spots along outer margin of soft
dorsal fin; caudal fin with red base, and about four irregular red
bars; anal fin with scattered large red spots; pectoral fin mainly
clear with faint reddish spots and a few scattered small brown
spots; pelvic fins whitish.
Colour in alcohol (Fig. 2): generally pale yellowish with
brown blotches and smaller spots, including five saddle-like
markings on upper back, irregular brownish stripe along
middle of side, and brown bar across caudal-fin base; fins Figure 2. Scorpaenodes bathycolus, 80 mm TL, preserved holotype, 63.3 mm SL
(G. Allen photo)
mainly translucent except a few diffuse dark spots visible on
median and pectoral fins.
Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012 1105
New species of Pseudanthias (Serranidae: Anthiinae)
FaMIly serranIdae (subfamily Anthiinae)
Pseudanthias mica
n. sp.
Allen & Erdmann
(Figs. 1-3; Table 1)
Holotype: MZB 20600, male, 56.1 mm, Suangi, south- rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 18 (17-19, usually
western Lembata Island, 08°34.111’S, 123°13.452’E, 18 or 19), all branched except uppermost pair and lowermost
Indonesia, 52 m, clove oil, M.V. Erdmann, 31 March 2011. ray; pelvic rays I,5; principal caudal rays 15, the median 13
Paratypes (collected with holotype): MZB 20601, 2 branched; lateral-line scales 38 (36-38, usually 38); upper and
specimens, 39.8-47.7 mm SL; WAM P.33406-002, 3 lower procurrent caudal rays 8-9; scales above first lateral line
specimens, 43.0-57.2 mm SL. scale to base of third dorsal spine 4; scales above lateral line
to base of middle dorsal spines 3; scales below lateral line to
Diagnosis: Dorsal rays X,15-17; anal rays III,7; pectoral origin of anal fin 15 (14-15, usually 15); circumpeduncular
rays 17-19; lateral-line scales 36-38; gill rakers 9-11 + 20-24; scales 23 (23-24); gill rakers 10 + 23 (9-11 + 20-25), total
body moderately elongate, depth 2.5-2.8 in SL; no papillae on rakers 33 (29-36); branchiostegal rays 7; vertebrae 26.
posterior edge of orbit; male without a fleshy protuberance at
front of upper lip; vomerine teeth in a small triangular patch; Body moderately elongate for the genus, maximum depth 2.8
third dorsal spine of male slightly elongate, 2.2-2.5 in HL; (2.5-2.8) in SL, and laterally compressed, width 1.9 (1.9-2.1)
caudal fin lunate, caudal concavity 1.9-2.7 in HL; male in in body depth; head length 3.0 (2.9-3.0) in SL; snout shorter
life mainly orange-red to yellowish with brown scale margins than orbit diameter, its length 4.7 (4.1-5.3) in HL; front of
posterodorsally; a broad yellow band behind eye, bordered upper lip without pointed, fleshy protuberance; eye large, orbit
on lower edge by pink stripe and above by moderately broad diameter 3.2 (2.7-3.1) in HL; posterior edge of orbit without
red band that continues above eye and across interorbital; fleshy papillae; interorbital space convex, least fleshy width
median fins reddish with narrow bluish outer margin (upper 3.8 (3.2-3.8) in HL; length of maxillary 2.0 (1.9-2.2) in HL;
and lower margins on caudal); pelvic fins reddish yellow with caudal-peduncle depth 2.4 (2.2-2.3) in HL; caudal-peduncle
faint violet hue on inner part of fin; pectoral fins translucent length 1.7 (1.6-1.8) in HL.
to slightly yellowish; female yellowish red with narrow pink-
edged yellow band extending from lower rear corner of eye to Mouth moderately large, maxilla reaching to below posterior
pectoral-fin base. edge of pupil or posterior to this point; mouth strongly
oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting, gape forming an angle of
Description: Counts and proportions of holotype, followed by about 42° to horizontal axis of head and body; posterior end of
data for paratypes in parentheses if different. Dorsal rays X,16 maxilla truncate with rounded corners; no supramaxilla; pair
(X,15-17, usually 16); anal rays III,7; all dorsal and anal soft of widely separated, forward-projecting canine teeth at front
Figure 1. Pseudanthias mica, 56.1 mm SL, underwater photograph of male holotype, at type locality (G. Allen photo)
1106 Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012
Gerald R. Allen & Mark V. Erdmann
of upper jaw, tips usually exposed when mouth fully closed; anal spine 2.2 (2.1-2.6) in HL; third anal spine 2.5 (2.3-2.7)
canines followed by outer row of slender conical teeth and in HL; longest soft anal ray (third or fourth) 1.6 (1.5-1.9) in
inner band of small conical teeth, this band ending anteriorly HL; pectoral fins more or less pointed, middle rays longest,
with large recumbent canine tooth; front of lower jaw with 3.6 (3.2-3.6) in SL; origin of pelvic fins below lower base of
well-separated pair of stout canines projecting anterolaterally, pectoral fins, prepelvic distance 2.9 (2.6-3.0) in SL; pelvic
these teeth just medial to upper canines and projecting outside spine 1.9 (1.6-1.9) in HL; second pelvic soft ray longest, 3.0
gape when mouth fully closed; 1-2 large recurved canine teeth (2.7-3.5) in SL; caudal fin lunate with filamentous lobes, its
at side of lower jaw about one-third distance from lower jaw length 3.2 (2.9-3.4) in SL, caudal concavity 2.4 (1.9-2.7) in
symphysis, preceded by band of villiform teeth in irregular HL.
rows extending medial to anterior canines; vomer with small
triangular patch of villiform teeth; palatines with single Colour in life and when freshly collected (Figs. 1-2): male
irregular row of small teeth; tongue slender with pointed tip; overall orange-red to yellowish with brown scale margins
gill rakers long and slender, longest rakers on lower limb near posterodorsally; a broad yellow band behind eye, bordered on
angle about twice as long as opposing gill filaments. lower edge by pink stripe and above by moderately broad red
band that continues above eye and across interorbital; small
Anterior nostril a membranous tube with small, triangular horizontal red patch across middle of forehead; lower part of
posterior flap, at level slightly above centre of eye in front of head and adjacent breast pinkish; reddish mid-dorsal stripe
orbit by distance of about one-third pupil diameter; posterior beginning just anterior of dorsal fin origin, extending along
nostril a large subtriangular opening dorsoposterior to anterior base of spinous dorsal fin, eventually blending with red of
nostril, internarial distance about equal to horizontal diameter posterior body region; median fins reddish with narrow bluish
of posterior nostril; cephalic sensory pores as follows: 3 outer margin (upper and lower margins on caudal); pelvic
pores in vicinity of nostrils, 4 suborbital pores, 11-13 pores fins reddish yellow with faint violet hue on inner part of fin;
on supraorbital-postorbital region, 4 dentary pores, 4 pores pectoral fins translucent to slightly yellowish; female generally
on lower limb of preopercle, 6 pores on posterior margin yellowish red with relatively narrow pink-edged yellow band
of preopercle, and 2 pores on side of nape above preopercle extending from lower rear corner of eye to pectoral-fin base,
margin. region below this stripe (on lower head and breast) pale pink;
fins generally reddish yellow, but caudal fin strongly yellow.
Upper part of opercle with blunt, rounded projection dorsally
and two strong spines below, upper broadly triangular
extending farther posteriorly; margin of preopercle with 23
(18-29) serrae, progressively larger ventrally; serrae absent on
lower edge of subopercle and upper edge of interopercle.
Scales ctenoid on head and body; auxiliary scales absent; head
scaled except lips, isthmus, area around nostrils, and tip of
lower jaw; no scales basally on membranes of anterior half of
spinous portion of dorsal fin, but low sheath of scales present
basally on remaining part of spinous and soft portion of fin;
similar scaly sheath present basally on anal fin; column of small
scales covering about one-third to one-half of membranous
portion of soft dorsal and anal fins; progressively smaller
scales on membranous portion of caudal fin, extending nearly
to posterior margin; progressively smaller scales on pectoral
fins extending about one-half distance to posterior margin; a
midventral cluster of small scales between bases of pelvic fins,
extending posteriorly about one-half length of pelvic spine.
Origin of dorsal fin over upper end of gill opening, predorsal
distance 3.1 (2.8-3.2) in SL; base of soft portion of dorsal fin
slightly longer than base of spinous portion; first dorsal spine
6.7 (5.9-8.1) in HL; second dorsal spine 3.6 (2.3-3.6) in HL;
third dorsal spine longest, 2.3 (2.2-2.5) in HL; tenth dorsal
spine 3.3 (2.5-2.9) in HL; membranes of spinous portion
of dorsal fin moderately incised; longest (seventh or eighth)
dorsal soft ray, 2.2 (1.9-2.4) in HL; origin of anal fin below
Figure 2. Pseudanthias mica, freshly collected specimens: 56.1 mm SL male
base of second or third dorsal soft ray, preanal distance 1.6 holotype (upper), 43.0 mm SL male paratype (middle), and 39.8 mm SL female
(1.5-1.6) in SL; first anal spine 4.3 (4.7-5.5) in HL; second paratype (lower) (G. Allen photo)
Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012 1107
New species of Pseudanthias (Serranidae: Anthiinae)
Colour in alcohol (Fig. 3): after several months in alcohol
generally yellowish tan with faint indication of small brown
spots on posterodorsal part of body, and hyaline fins.
Remarks: The low lateral-line count (36-38, usually 38)
Pseudanthias
separates the new species from nearly all other
P. huchtii
from the East Indian region. Both (Bleeker, 1857)
P. squamipinnis
and (Peters, 1855) have similar low counts
(36-40 and 37-43 respectively), but are easily distinguished
by the very elongate, pennant-like third dorsal spine and male
colour patterns. Moreover, both species are generally restricted
Figure 3. Pseudanthias mica, preserved holotype (G. Allen photo) to shallow water (usually above 20 m depth) compared to the
P. mica
relatively deep reef habitat of .
P. mica
Preliminary genetic results indicate that is closely
P. pulcherrimus
related to (Heemstra & Randall, 1986) from
P. randalli
the Indian Ocean and (Lubbock & Allen, 1978)
P. mica
from the western Pacific. Both these species differ from
in colour, as well as having a longer third dorsal spine in males
(compare Figs. 1-2 with Figs. 4-5). Moreover, they also possess
P. pulcherrimus
higher lateral-line scale counts (40-45 for and
P. randalli P. mica
45-50 for vs. 36-38 in ).
Pseudanthias mica
is currently known only from a small rocky
islet lying 1.5 km off the south-western tip of Lembata Island,
Indonesia. This location is about 42 km due east of Flores, one
of the main islands of the Lesser Sunda Group. The habitat
consisted of reef crevices and caves in 52 m depth.
Figure 4. Pseudanthias pulcherrimus, underwater photograph of male,
approximately 55 mm SL, Andaman Islands (M. Erdmann photo) mica
Etymology: The new species is named in honour of the
Mica Erdmann, the second author’s daughter.
References
Bleeker, P. 1857. Achtste bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna
Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-
van Amboina.
Neêrlandicae
2(7): 1-102.
Heemstra, P.C. & Randall, J.E. 1986. Family No. 166:
Smiths’ Sea Fishes
Serranidae (pp. 509-537). In: (Smith &
Heemstra 1986).
Anthias
Lubbock, R. & Allen, G.R. 1978. A distinctive new
Records of the
(Teleostei: Serranidae) from the western Pacific.
Western Australian Museum
6(2): 259-268.
Peters, W. 1855. Übersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten
Figure 5. Pseudanthias randalli, underwater photograph of male, approximately Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu
50 mm SL, Cenderawasih Bay, West Papua, Indonesia (G. Allen photo) Seefische.
Berlin
1855: 428-466.
1108 Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012
Gerald R. Allen & Mark V. Erdmann
Pseudanthias mica
Table 1. Morphometric proportions (as percentage of SL) for type specimens of .
Holotype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype
MZB WAM P. WAM P. MZB WAM P. MZB
20600 33406 33406 20601 33406 20601
Standard length (mm) 56.1 57.2 52.6 47.7 43.0 39.8
Body depth 35.1 35.7 37.5 37.9 39.5 38.7
Body width 18.4 16.6 19.0 20.3 19.8 18.6
Head length 33.5 33.9 33.5 34.2 34.2 33.4
Snout length 7.1 8.2 6.3 7.3 7.7 8.0
Orbit diameter 10.5 11.0 11.6 11.9 12.8 11.1
Interorbital width 8.9 9.1 8.7 9.2 9.5 10.6
Caudal-peduncle depth 14.1 15.4 15.0 15.7 15.8 14.8
Caudal-peduncle length 20.0 19.8 20.9 20.8 20.7 18.8
Upper jaw length 16.9 17.5 17.3 17.6 17.2 15.1
Predorsal length 32.1 32.7 31.4 33.1 36.0 34.7
Preanal length 63.8 65.6 66.2 66.9 60.9 65.3
Prepelvic length 34.4 33.6 37.8 35.4 33.3 33.9
Length dorsal-fin base 60.6 58.9 58.4 61.0 62.1 61.6
Length anal-fin base 16.8 17.1 16.7 17.8 20.2 18.3
Length pectoral fin 28.0 28.1 28.9 31.4 29.5 29.1
Length pelvic fin 33.0 33.9 32.5 37.7 33.5 28.9
Length pelvic-fin spine 17.3 17.7 18.8 21.0 20.5 17.3
Length 1st dorsal spine 5.0 4.2 5.5 5.0 5.8 5.0
Length 2nd dorsal spine 9.3 13.8 9.3 10.1 14.7 13.8
Length 3rd dorsal spine 14.4 13.8 14.8 14.3 15.6 15.1
Length last dorsal spine 10.2 11.9 12.5 13.4 13.7 13.6
Length longest dorsal ray 15.2 14.0 16.3 17.8 16.0 16.3
Length 1st anal spine 7.8 6.1 6.1 7.3 7.2 6.8
Length 2nd anal spine 15.0 14.9 15.2 13.2 16.3 15.6
Length 3rd anal spine 13.5 12.4 13.7 14.9 14.9 13.6
Length longest anal ray 20.3 18.2 20.0 22.0 22.1 19.6
Length caudal fin 31.4 29.4 36.5 39.8 38.1 34.4
Caudal concavity 13.7 13.1 16.0 17.8 14.4 12.6

Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012 1109
New species of Pseudochromis (Pseudochromidae: Pseudochrominae)
FaMIly pseudochroMIdae (subfamily Pseudochrominae)
Methods of counting and measuring follow Gill, 2004.
Pseudochromis tigrinus
n. sp.
Allen & Erdmann
(Figs.1-4; Table 1)
Holotype: WAM P. 33250-001, 50.8 mm SL, south- 16; predorsal scales 16 (18-20); scales behind eye 3; scales to
eastern tip of Narcondam Island, 13°25.227’N, 94°17.399’E, preopercular angle 4; gill rakers 6 + 11 = 17 (6 + 10-11 = 16-
Andaman Islands, 42-50 m, clove oil, M.V. Erdmann, 28 17); pseudobranch filaments 12 (one paratype with 8 and one
March 2010. with 10); circumorbital pores 29 (19-24); preopercular pores
Paratypes: USNM 404320, 5 specimens, 25.2-49.8 mm SL, 15 (11-15); dentary pores 4; single posterior interorbital pore.
collected with holotype; WAM P. 33249-001, 5 specimens,
16.5 mm-52.5 mm SL, same data as holotype except collected Lower lip incomplete; dorsal and anal fins without scale
on 15 January 2010. sheaths; predorsal scales extending slightly anterior to mid
AIO pores (nearly to anterior AIO pores in some paratypes);
Pseudochromis tigrinus
Diagnosis: differs from other opercle margin smooth without serrations; teeth of outer
pseudochromids in having the following combination of ceratobranchial 1 gill rakers mainly confined to raker tips;
characters: pelvic-fin rays I,5; dorsal-fin rays III,25-27; anal- anterior dorsal fin pterygiophore formula S/S/S + 3/1
fin rays III,15; palatine tooth patches more or less contiguous + 1/1/1/1/1/1 + 1/1/1 + 1 (1 paratype counted); spines
with posterolateral arms of vomerine tooth patch; scales in moderately stout and pungent; anal fin spines moderately stout
lateral series 37-40; circumpeduncular scales 16; strong sexual and pungent, second spine shorter, but slightly stouter than
dichromatism: female mainly light grey with yellow dorsal third; pelvic fin spine moderately stout and pungent; second
fin and male white with 10-11 narrow black bars on side, and segmented pelvic fin ray longest; caudal fin rounded; vertebrae
bright yellow forehead, upper back, and dorsal fin. 10 + 16.
Description: Counts and proportions of holotype, followed Upper jaw with 2-3 pairs of curved, enlarged caniniform
by data for paratypes in parentheses if different. Dorsal fin teeth, and inner band of small conical teeth in about
rays III,25 (25-27), all segmented rays branched; anal fin eight irregular rows at symphysis, narrowing to 2–3 rows
rays III,15, all segmented rays branched; pectoral fin rays 18; posteriorly; lower jaw with two pairs of curved, caniniform
upper procurrent caudal fin rays 6; lower procurrent caudal teeth, and inner band of small conical teeth in about four
fin rays 6 (one paratype with 5); total caudal-fin rays 29 (one rows at symphysis and single row on side of jaw, teeth on
paratype with 28)); scales in lateral series 40 (37-40); anterior middle of jaw larger than others (except canines); vomer with
lateral line scales 28 (26-29); anterior lateral line terminating 1-2 irregular rows of small conical teeth, forming chevron;
beneath segmented dorsal fin ray 19 (18-20); posterior lateral palatine with band of small conical teeth arranged in elongate
line scales 7 + 1 (one paratype with 6 + 2 and another with patch, more or less contiguous with posterolateral arm of
7 + 2); scales between lateral lines 3; horizontal scale rows vomerine patch; ectopterygoid edentate; tongue broad and
above anal fin origin 12 + 1 + 1; circumpeduncular scales edentate with blunt tip.
Figure 1. Pseudochromis tigrinus, underwater photograph of male, Figure 2. Pseudochromis tigrinus, underwater photograph of female,
approximately 50 mm SL, Andaman Islands (M. Strickland photo) approximately 50 mm SL, Andaman Islands (M. Strickland photo)
1110 Reef Fishes of the East Indies, Appendix I, 2012