Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction.

226 Pages·2011·4.71 MB·English

Recommended Security Guidelines for May 1, 2011
i Airport PlaRnneingv, Disesiegnd an:d CMonsatruyct io2n0 11
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May 1, 2011 Recommended Security Guidelines for
ii Airport Planning, Design and Construction
NOTICE

NOTICE

This document is distributed under the sponsorship of the Transportation Security Administration of the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security in the interest of providing information exchange to enhance the planning and
design of airport security systems. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use. This
document does not create regulatory requirements or mandates of any kind. There are recommendations and
guidelines contained in this document that might be considered highly beneficial in one airport environment while
being virtually impossible to implement at another airport. The purpose of the document is to provide as extensive a
list of options, alternatives, ideas, and suggestions as possible for the airport architect, designer, planner and
engineer to choose from when first considering security requirements in the early planning and design of new or
renovated airport facilities.
This document provides numerous references to and citations from other government and industry sources. These
are not intended to be modified by this document in any way, and are generally intended to refer to the most current
version of such external resources, to which the reader should go for detailed information.
This document may be downloaded free of charge from the TSA Internet site: http://www.tsa.gov
Or contact the security staff person at:
Airport Consultants Council (ACC): 703-683-5900
Airports Council International—North America (ACI-NA): 202-293-8500
American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE): 703-824-0500

Recommended Security Guidelines for May 1, 2011
Airport Planning, Design and Construction iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This document is intended to bring to the attention of the airport planning, design, and engineering community the
serious security concerns that should be considered for incorporation into an airport design at the earliest possible
planning stage, in order to bring the most efficient and cost-effective security solutions to bear. An undertaking as
extensive and comprehensive as this requires the participation and cooperation of a wide range of aviation security
professionals contributing time, experience, knowledge and insight. We hope that this document accurately captures
the broad experience of the community and will help the reader anticipate future expansion needs.
To complete this fourth revision of the document, an Aviation Security Advisory Committee (ASAC) Working
Group was formed. Under the auspices of this working group, over 100 persons attended meetings, contributed to
the development of various drafts and participated in document reviews. A few participants, referred to as Section
Chiefs, chaired team meetings and supervised edits of specific sections of the document. These and other
participants rewrote outdated material, edited drafts, and brought current practices, real-world perspectives and new
Federal regulations to the table, advising the Working Group of what would, and would not, work in an operating
airport environment.
This document is not intended to be the final word on airport security design; it is meant to be a primer on the
security issues important to airport development and a check-list of the more important things one should consider
when deciding which of the many potential security approaches may be appropriate to a particular airport’s
circumstances and requirements.
We wish to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of all the participating organizations and persons listed below.
Special thanks also go to:
Mike Duffy, Transportation Security Administration (TSA), who proposed creation of the working group and
supported this project from start to finish as Co-chair;
Paula Hochstetler, president, Airport Consultants Council (ACC), who served as the industry Working Group Co-
Chair;
Dawn E. Lucini, TSA, Transportation Sector Network Management (TSNM), who administered the project and
internal TSA efforts from its inception;
Chris Runde, TSA, TSNM, who co-administered the project from the TSA perspective and saw to it that requests
for Agency inputs were fulfilled;
Jose Chaves, TSA, TSNM, who coordinated internal TSA efforts and facilitated other participating Agencies’ and
industry submittals;
Art Kosatka, TranSecure Inc., the Project Manager, organizer, and principal editor; and
Nancy Hill Ward, TranSecure Inc., who was the Project Administrator, co-editor of every chapter, and did the great
bulk of structural work in transitioning the document from the old version to the new.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Guidelines Section Section Chiefs
Cover Art, graphics Ed Croft, BWI Airport; J. Leonard Wood, Condor Aviation
Part II, Planning and Design Alex Seid, Parsons; Dave McGhee, Ross & Baruzzini
Part III, Section A, Airport Layout & Boundaries Charles Cinquemani, DFW Airport;
Jorge Reis-Filho, PANYNJ
Part III, Section B, Airside David Pollard, Tallahassee Regional Airport; Tim Skinner,
Lihue Airport (HI)
Part III, Section C, Landside David Pollard, Tallahassee Regional Airport; Tim Skinner,
Lihue Airport (HI)
Part III, Section D, Terminal-Cargo Art Kosatka, TranSecure Inc.
Part III, Section E, Baggage Screening Theresa Coutu, Leigh-Fisher
Part III, Section F, Passenger Screening Scot Thaxton, TSA
Part III, Section G, Access Control (ACAMS) Christer Wilkinson, AECOM; Colleen Chamberlain, AAAE
Part III, Section H, Video Surveillance, Detection James McGuire, TranSecure Inc.
Part III, Section I, IT Power Communications James McGuire, TranSecure Inc.
Enrique Melendez, Paragon
Part IV, APP A, Vulnerability Assessment Bradley W. Fawsett, TSA FAMS office; Annmarie Jenkins,
TSNM Airports Division
Part IV, APP B, Chem-Bio Mitigation Sandia Laboratories
Part IV, APP C, Blast Mitigation Terry Palmer, Magnusson Klemencic Assoc.; Michael
Beairsto, Arup
Part IV, APP D, General Aviation Craig Spence, AOPA; Brittney Miculka, AOPA
Part IV, APP E, Planning & Design, Command & Donald Zoufal, SDI
Control
Part IV, APP F, International AVSEC Kristina Dores, International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO); Solomon Wong, InterVistas

Chamberlain, Colleen AAAE Bowen, Frank Columbus Regional Airport
Wilkinson, Christer AECOM System Solutions Wood, J. Leonard Condor Aviation
Wechsler, Richard F. AECOM Systems Solutions Bradbury, Nancy Consultant
Fisher, Clint Air Transport Association Malotky, Lyle Consultant
Thacker, Eric Air Transport Association Lazarick, Richard CSC Identity Labs
Miculka, Brittney AOPA Roth, Richard CTI Consulting
Hochstetler, Paula Airport Consultants Council Cinquemani, Chas DFW International Airport
Reynolds, John Airport Consultants Council Black, Alan DFW International Airport
Kellogg, Lydia Airports Council Intl- NA Mazzola, Sal Faith Group LLC
Kilborn, Edgar Analogic Boggus, Roddy Gresham, Smith and Partners
Matty, Scott Applied Wireless Hellwig, Tom Gresham, Smith and Partners
Spence, Craig AOPA Frazier, Jeremiah Hartsfield-Jackson ATL Intl
Witkowski, Christopher Assn. Flight Attendants Ignacio, Jonathan Hatch Mott MacDonald
Beckman, Lori Aviation Security Consulting Hyde, R.A. HNTB Corp.
Stout, Leonard Bechtel Corp. Kohout, Richard Homeland Security Institute
Cooney, Thomas Broward County Aviation Dunlap, Kenneth IATA
Crain, Ron Burns & McDonnell Stewart, David IATA
Croft, Ed BWI Airport Dores, Kristina ICAO, Kabul, Afghanistan
McGuire, Mark Campbell & Paris Engineers Hamilton, Walter ID Technology Partners
Olislagers, Robert Centennial Airport Lisimaque, Gilles ID Technology Partners

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Auman, David ID Technology Partners Dickie, Kim San Francisco Intl Airport
Geisler, Patrick Infrastructure Associates, Inc. Foster, Paul San Francisco Intl Airport
Mann, Michael J. Infrastructure Associates, Inc. Mattingly, Bob Sarasota Bradenton Intl Apt
Baumgardner, R. Indianapolis Airport Auth. McCosby, Fred Savannah Airport
Burnett, Andrew Indianapolis Airport Auth. Samlaska, Christian Sea-Tac Intl Airport
Novak, George Intervistas Underhill, Emily SW Florida Intl Airport
Wong, Solomon Intervistas Condon, Tom Sys. Development Integration
Cintron, Michael Int’l Airline Passengers Assn. Zoufal, Donald R. Sys. Development Integration
Stasher, Denson Jackson Municipal Airport Clow, Michael Tallahassee Regional Airport
Clark, Wayne Jacksonville Airport Auth. Pollard, David Tallahassee Regional Airport
Studdiford, Larry Jacobs Engineering Pak, Han The JW Group Inc.
Redhead, Ian Kansas City Intl Airport Willis, James The JW Group Inc.
Ferguson, Tony L1 Identify Solutions Bender, Gloria Trans Solutions
Muscatello, Dan Landrum & Brown Miller, Eric Trans Solutions
Coutu, Theresa Leigh-Fisher Consultants Hill Ward, Nancy TranSecure Inc.
Skinner, Tim Lihue Airport (HI) Kosatka, Art TranSecure Inc.
Staar, Greg Los Angeles World Airports McGuire, James TranSecure Intl, Inc.
Petty, Steve Louisville Airport Tucker, Courtney TranSecure Inc.
Palmer, Terry Magnusson Klemencic Assc. Glasgow, Karin TSA TSNM
Sleiman, Sam Massachusetts Port Authority Mahfouz, Stafford Tyco International
Keegan, Michael Milwaukee Gen. Mitchell AP Steele, Anne U.S. Customs/Border Protect.
Howell, Alan Minneapolis-St. Paul Apts Terry, Staci U.S. Customs/Border Protect.
Anderson, Tim Minneapolis-St. Paul Apts Creech, George U.S. DHS
Dillard, Rosemary Nat’l. Air Disaster Alliance Fawsett, Bradley U.S. DHS
Broyles, Scott National Safe Skies Alliance Schultz, Harry U.S. DHS/TSA
Mellinger, Mark NW Arkansas Regional Apt Thomas, David U.S. DHS/TSA
Ashley, Gareth Ove Arup and Partners Zolghadr, Morvarid U.S. DHS/TSA
Hadden, David Ove Arup and Partners Chaves, Jose U.S. DHS/TSA, Airports
Beairsto, Michael Ove Arup and Partners, P.C. Cammaroto, Bob U.S. DHS/TSA OST
Melendez, Enrique Paragon Project Resources Prediger, Susan U.S. DHS/TSA—Sec. Tech.
Seid, Alex Parsons Coeur, Ian U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Massey, Sara Passero Associates, LLC Di Rocco, Marie U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Carter, Jim Piedmont Triad Airport Duffy, Michael U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Olivier, Jeanne Port Authority of NY and NJ Jenkins, Annmarie U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Reis-Filho, Jorge Port Authority of NY and NJ Lucini, Dawn U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Chambers, Charles Priva Technologies Prokop, Jim U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Muller, Peter PRT Consulting Runde, Chris U.S. DHS/TSA TSNM
Smallback, Robert R C Smallback Consulting Brecht-Clark, Jan U.S. DOT Research & Tech.
Campbell, Henry Raleigh Durham Airport Blumenthal, Don University of Michigan
Connolly, Liam RAA Anthony, Thomas University of So. California
McGhee, David Ross & Baruzzini Swinehart, Steve URS Corp
Robie, Michael H. Ross & Baruzzini Adams, Mark URSCorp
Barry, Ann Ross & Baruzzini, Inc Lind, Archie URSCorp
Hankins, Bonnie Sacramento County Airport Johnson, Glenn Victims of Pan Am 103
Pilgrim, Michael SAIC Connor, Michael Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Apt
Welch, Clint San Diego County Airport Kolman, Heath XIP Consulting

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 1

Section A—Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1

Section B—Applicability ..................................................................................................... 2

Section C—Purpose ............................................................................................................ 2

Section D—Background ..................................................................................................... 3

Section E—Coordination .................................................................................................... 4

Section F—Changing Security Concerns and Contingency Measures ........................... 4

PART II—INITIAL PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 7

Section A—General ............................................................................................................. 7

Section B—Facility Protection ........................................................................................... 8

Section C—Planning Facility Protection ............................................................................ 8

1. General Security Areas and Boundaries ................................................................................. 8

2. Vulnerability Assessment ......................................................................................................... 9

3. Protection Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 9

4. Physical Protection .................................................................................................................. 10

5. Crime Prevention ..................................................................................................................... 10

6. Recordkeeping ......................................................................................................................... 11

7. Delegations of Responsibility ................................................................................................. 11

8. Design Factors ......................................................................................................................... 11

PART III—RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES ................................................................. 13

Section A—Airport Layout and Boundaries .....................................................................13

1. General Airport Layout ............................................................................................................ 13

a. Airside ................................................................................................................................... 13

b. Landside ................................................................................................................................ 14

c. Terminal ................................................................................................................................ 14

2. Security Related Areas ............................................................................................................ 15

a. Air Operations Area (AOA) ................................................................................................... 15

b. Secured Area ........................................................................................................................ 15

c. Security Identification Display Area (SIDA) .......................................................................... 16

d. Sterile Area ........................................................................................................................... 16

e. Exclusive Use Area ............................................................................................................... 16

f. Airport Tenant Security Program (ATSP) Area ..................................................................... 16

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3. Assessment of Vulnerable Areas ........................................................................................... 17

4. Chemical and Biological Agents ............................................................................................ 20

5. Boundaries and Access Points .............................................................................................. 20

a. Physical Barriers ................................................................................................................... 21

1) Fencing ........................................................................................................................... 21

2) Buildings ......................................................................................................................... 23

3) Walls ............................................................................................................................... 23

a) Interior Walls ............................................................................................................. 23

b) Exterior Walls ............................................................................................................ 24

b. Electronic Boundaries and New Technologies ..................................................................... 24

c. Natural Barriers ..................................................................................................................... 25

d. Access Points........................................................................................................................ 26

1) Gates .............................................................................................................................. 26

a) Routine Operations ................................................................................................... 26

b) Maintenance Operations ........................................................................................... 26

c) Emergency Operations ............................................................................................. 26

2) Doors .............................................................................................................................. 27

3) Guard Stations ................................................................................................................ 28

4) Electronic Access Points ................................................................................................ 28

a) Automatic Gates ........................................................................................................ 28

b) Doors with Access Controls ...................................................................................... 29

c) Sensor Line Gates..................................................................................................... 29

d) Automated Portals ..................................................................................................... 29

5) Vehicle Inspection Stations, Blast Protection and Road Barriers .................................. 29

e. Other Security Measures ...................................................................................................... 31

1) Fence Clear Zones ......................................................................................................... 31

2) Security Lighting ............................................................................................................. 32

3) Locks .............................................................................................................................. 32

4) CCTV Coverage ............................................................................................................. 32

5) Signage .......................................................................................................................... 33

6. Facilities, Areas and Geographical Placement ..................................................................... 33

a. Aircraft Maintenance Facilities .............................................................................................. 33

b. Aircraft Movement Areas ...................................................................................................... 33

c. Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Facilities ............................................................. 33

d. Security Operations Center (SOC)/Airport Emergency Command Post (CP) ...................... 34

e. Airport Personnel Offices ...................................................................................................... 34

f. Belly Cargo Facility ............................................................................................................... 35

g. All-Cargo Area ...................................................................................................................... 35

h. FAA Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) and Offices......................................................... 35

i. Fuel Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 35

j. General Aviation (GA) and Fixed Base Operator (FBO) Areas ............................................ 35

k. Ground Service Equipment Maintenance (GSEM) Facility ................................................... 36

l. Ground Transportation Staging Area (GTSA) ....................................................................... 36

m. Hotels and On-Airport Accommodations .............................................................................. 36

n. Industrial/Technology Parks.................................................................................................. 36

o. In-Flight Catering Facility ...................................................................................................... 36

p. Intermodal Transportation Area ............................................................................................ 36

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q. Isolated Security Aircraft Parking Position ............................................................................ 36

r. Military Facilities .................................................................................................................... 36

s. Navigational & Communications Equipment ......................................................................... 37

t. Passenger Aircraft Loading/Unloading Parking Areas ......................................................... 37

u. Passenger Aircraft Overnight Parking Areas ........................................................................ 37

v. Rental Car and Vehicle Storage Facilities ............................................................................ 37

w. State/Government Aircraft Facilities ..................................................................................... 37

x. Terminal Patron Parking Areas ............................................................................................. 37

y. Utilities and Related Equipment ............................................................................................ 37

z. “Through the Fence” Agreement........................................................................................... 37

Section B—Airside .............................................................................................................41

1. Aircraft Movement & Parking Areas (14 CFR 139) ................................................................ 41

a. Aircraft Movement Areas ...................................................................................................... 41

b. Passenger Loading/Unloading Aircraft Parking Areas ......................................................... 41

c. Passenger Aircraft Overnight Parking Areas ........................................................................ 41

d. General Aviation (GA) Parking Area ..................................................................................... 41

e. Isolated/Security Parking Position ........................................................................................ 42

2. Airside Roads ........................................................................................................................... 42

3. Airside Vulnerable Areas & Protection .................................................................................. 42

4. Airside Cargo Areas ................................................................................................................. 43

Section C—Landside ..........................................................................................................44

1. Natural Barriers ........................................................................................................................ 44

2. Landside Roads ....................................................................................................................... 44

a. Vehicle Inspection Stations ................................................................................................... 44

b. Roadway Design ................................................................................................................... 45

3. Landside Parking ..................................................................................................................... 45

a. Terminal Patron Parking Design ........................................................................................... 45

b. Employee Parking ................................................................................................................. 46

4. Landside Facilities ................................................................................................................... 46

a. Ground Transportation Staging Area (GTSA) ....................................................................... 46

b. Hotels and On-Airport Accommodations .............................................................................. 46

c. Intermodal Transportation Area ............................................................................................ 46

d. Rental Car and Vehicle Storage Areas ................................................................................. 46

5. Access Control Portals (ACP)................................................................................................. 47

a. Gates ..................................................................................................................................... 47

b. Roads .................................................................................................................................... 47

6. Interior Spaces ......................................................................................................................... 47

7. Exterior Spaces ........................................................................................................................ 47

a. Physical Barriers ................................................................................................................... 47

1) Fencing ........................................................................................................................... 47

2) Buildings ......................................................................................................................... 48

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a) Walls .......................................................................................................................... 48

b) Exterior Walls ............................................................................................................ 48

b. Lighting .................................................................................................................................. 49

c. Utilities and Related Equipment ............................................................................................ 49

8. Systems and Equipment ......................................................................................................... 49

a. Electronic Detection and Monitoring ..................................................................................... 49

b. CCTV .................................................................................................................................... 49

c. Alarms ................................................................................................................................... 50

9. Emergency Response .............................................................................................................. 50

a. Law Enforcement .................................................................................................................. 50

b. Off-Airport Emergency Response ......................................................................................... 50

c. Life Safety Equipment ........................................................................................................... 50

d. Emergency Service Coordination ......................................................................................... 50

e. Threat Containment Units (TCU) .......................................................................................... 50

Section D—Terminal ..........................................................................................................52

1. Terminal Security Architecture ............................................................................................... 52

a. Functional Areas ................................................................................................................... 52

b. Physical Boundaries ............................................................................................................. 53

c. Bomb/Blast Analysis Overview ............................................................................................. 53

d. Limited Concealment Areas/Structures ................................................................................ 54

e. Operational Pathways ........................................................................................................... 55

f. Minimal Number of Security Portals ..................................................................................... 55

g. Space for Expanded, Additional and Contingency Security Measures ................................ 55

2. Terminal Area Users and Infrastructure ................................................................................ 56

a. Users & Stakeholders ........................................................................................................... 56

b. Personnel Circulation ............................................................................................................ 57

c. Utility Infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 57

d. New Construction vs. Alterations .......................................................................................... 57

3. Sterile Area ............................................................................................................................... 58

4. Public Areas.............................................................................................................................. 59

a. Public Lobby Areas (Ticketing, Bag Check and Claim, Rental Car) ..................................... 59

1) Configuration of Lobby Areas ......................................................................................... 61

2) Configuration of Domestic Baggage Claim Areas .......................................................... 61

b. Public Emergency Exits ........................................................................................................ 62

c. Security Doors vs. Fire Doors ............................................................................................... 62

d. Concessions Areas ............................................................................................................... 63

e. Signage ................................................................................................................................. 63

f. Public Lockers ....................................................................................................................... 64

g. Unclaimed Luggage Facilities ............................................................................................... 64

h. VIP Lounges/Hospitality Suites ............................................................................................. 65

i. Vertical Access ..................................................................................................................... 65

j. Observation Decks ................................................................................................................ 65

5. Nonpublic Areas ....................................................................................................................... 65

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