Table Of ContentManuel F. Casanova · Ioan Opris Editors
Recent
Advances on
the Modular
Organization of
the Cortex
Recent Advances on the Modular Organization
of the Cortex
Manuel F. Casanova (cid:129) Ioan Opris
Editors
Recent Advances on the
Modular Organization
of the Cortex
Editors
ManuelF.Casanova IoanOpris
DepartmentofPsychiatry DepartmentofPhysiology&Pharmacology
UniversityofLouisville WakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicine
Louisville,KY Winston-Salem,NC
USA USA
ISBN978-94-017-9899-0 ISBN978-94-017-9900-3 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-94-017-9900-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015943586
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon
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Preface
The cortical minicolumn is a continuing source of research and debate more than
halfacenturyafteritwasidentifiedasabasiccomponentofbrainorganization.The
cortical minicolumn is a sophisticated local network of neural cells that contain
withinittheelementsforredundancyandplasticitythataccountforitssuccessas
an informationprocessingunit.Although it is sometimescompared tosubcortical
nuclei,theminicolumnisadistinctiveformofmodulethathasevolvedspecifically
intheneocortex.Itunifiesthehorizontalandverticalcomponentsofcortexwithin
thesamecolumnarspace.Minicolumnsarehighlyrepetitive,evenclone-like,units.
However,they display considerable heterogeneity between areas andspecies,and
evenwithinagivenmacrocolumn.Itisthisheterogeneityandresultant“competi-
tion” in-between modules that provide for the temporal dynamics of information
transfer that characterize the most basic unit of the cortical hierarchy. The signif-
icance ofthiscortical module is underscored byrecentstudies showing its partic-
ipation as an elemental unit in the emergence of higher cognitive functions and
probable participation as a core neuropathological feature of several mental
disorders.
This book arose out of a series of lectures that took place in a conference
regardingcorticalmodularityinLouisville,Kentucky.Thegoalsoftheconference
were todevelop afocusedgroup withacoherentview onhow toidentify cortical
modules and their basic components, and to bring new investigators and research
techniques into the field. The lectures expounded on the anatomical basis of the
corticalminicolumnandintroducedthenecessaryconceptstowardsunderstanding
the role of this structure in comparative neuroanatomy, neuropathology, neuro-
physiology and anthropology. As in the conference, the goal of this book is to
provide a cohesive forum on the latest anatomical approaches to understand the
basic componentsofcorticalmodularity andtheir involvementindifferentpatho-
logical states. The topics will span a wide spectrum of resolution, that is, from
minicolumnsandtheirparcellationintodifferentcomponents(e.g.,apicaldendritic
bundles)allthewaytomacrocolumnsandnetworksofthesame.Thebookincludes
internationally recognized leaders and talented new investigators. By bringing
v
vi Preface
togethertheseresearchers,thebookwillhelpcoalesceapparentlydisparatesubjects
undertheumbrellaofcorticalmodularity.
The book is aimed at the neuroscience community from students to well-
established investigators. We hope that the book will help promote the field of
corticalmodularityandindoingsohelpbridgethegapbetweentheoryandpractice.
We would like to express our appreciation to all of the contributing authors who
havehelpedtomakethisausefulandhigh-qualitypublication.Wewouldalsolike
tothankthepublicationteamatSpringerfortheirefficientservices.
Louisville,KY,USA ManuelF.Casanova
Winston-Salem,NC,USA IoanOpris
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ManuelF.CasanovaandIoanOpris
2 VernonBenjaminMountcastle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ManuelF.Casanova
3 ModularOrganizationofthePrefrontalCortex:
TheLegacyofPatriciaGoldman-Rakic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
LynnD.Selemon
4 TheTypesofFunctionalandStructuralSubdivisions
ofCorticalAreas. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 35
JonH.KaasandPoojaBalaram
5 TheMinicolumninComparativeContext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
MuhammadA.Spocter,MaryAnnRaghanti,
CamillaButti,PatrickR.Hof,andChetC.Sherwood
6 UnusualCorticalLaminationPatternsintheSengis
(ElephantShrews)DoNotAppeartoInfluence
thePresenceofCorticalMinicolumns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
PaulManger,NinaPatzke,NadineGravett,KatarinaMedger,
ConsolateKaswera,EmmanuelGilissen,andNigelBennett
7 ActiveInference,PredictiveCodingandCorticalArchitecture. . . . 97
RickA.Adams,KarlJ.Friston,andAndreM.Bastos
8 ColumnarOrganizationoftheMotorCortex:Direction
ofMovement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
ApostolosP.Georgopoulos
vii
viii Contents
9 Discrete,Place-DefinedMacrocolumnsinSomatosensoryCortex:
LessonsforModularOrganizationoftheCerebralCortex. . . . . . . 143
OlegV.Favorov,BarryL.Whitsel,andMarkTommerdahl
10 PrefrontalCorticalMicrocircuitsforExecutive
ControlofBehavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
IoanOpris,IoanaL.Popa,andManuelF.Casanova
11 CytoarchitecturalModules:FunctionalSpecialisation
andDisruptioninNeuropsychiatricDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
StevenChance
12 TheRelevanceofSubplateModifications
toConnectivityintheCerebralCortexofIndividuals
withAutismSpectrumDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
JeffreyJ.HutslerandThomasAvino
13 TheMinicolumnopathyofAutism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
ManuelF.Casanova
14 ClinicalApplicationsofElectrophysiologicalApproaches
BasedonCorticalModularityinAutism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
EstateM.Sokhadze,LonnieSears,AymanS.El-Baz,
AllanTasman,andManuelF.Casanova
15 ModularSignaturesandNeuralAvalanches
inEpilepticBrainNetworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
AnaCiurea,IoanaMˆındru¸ta˘,MihaiDragosMaliia˘,AlexeCiurea,
JeanCiurea,AndreiBarborica˘,CristianDonos,
ManuelF.Casanova,andIoanOpris
16 AdaptiveCodinginVisualCorticalCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
BryanJ.HansenandValentinDragoi
17 TheFunctionofCorticalMicrocircuits:Insights
fromBiomorphicCeramic-BasedMicroelectrodeArrays. . . . . . . . 313
GregA.Gerhardt,IoanOpris,JasonJ.Burmeister,
FrancoisPomerleau,JorgeE.Quintero,PeterHuettl,
RobertE.Hampson,andSamA.Deadwyler
18 UncoveringCorticalModularitybyNanotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . 339
MariusEnachescu,RuxandraVidu,andIoanOpris
19 ExtractionofCorticalModularityPatterns
forNeuralProsthetics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
SamA.Deadwyler,IoanOpris,LucasM.Santos,
RobertE.Hampson,GregA.Gerhardt,DongSong,
VasilisZ.Marmarelis,andTheodoreW.Berger
Contents ix
20 HippocampalMicrocircuits,FunctionalConnectivity,
andProstheses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
DongSong,Min-ChiHsiao,IoanOpris,RobertE.Hampson,
VasilisZ.Marmarelis,GregA.Gerhardt,
SamA.Deadwyler,andTheodoreW.Berger
21 Brain-MachineInterfaces:FromMacro-toMicrocircuits. . . . . . . 407
MikhailLebedevandIoanOpris
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
