Table Of ContentK. Tanaka • E.W. Davie (Eds.)
Y. Ikeda • S. Iwanaga • H. Saito • K. Sueishi (Associate Eds.)
Recent Advances in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 2008
K. Tanaka • E.W. Davie (Eds.)
Y. Ikeda • S. Iwanaga • H. Saito • K. Sueishi
(Associate Eds.)
Recent Advances in
Thrombosis and
Hemostasis
2008
Springer
Editors
Kenzo Tanaka, M.D., Ph.D., Professor Emeritus
Department of Pathology, Kyushu University
3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
Earl W. Davie, Ph.D., Professor
Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington
J317 Health Science Center, Box 357350, Seattle WA 98195, USA
Associate editors
Yasuo Ikeda, M.D., Ph.D., Professor
Keio University, School of Medicine, Internal Medicine
35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Sadaaki Iwanaga, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus
Department of Biology, Kyushu University
6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
Hidehiko Saito, M.D., Ph.D., Professor Emeritus
Department of Medicine, Nagoya University
26 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Katsuo Sueishi, M.D., Ph.D., Professor
Pathophysiological and Experimental Division, Department of Pathology
Kyushu University
3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008923271
ISBN 978-4-431-78846-1 e-ISBN 978-4-431-78847-8
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad-
casting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered
names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement,
that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and applica-
tion thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accu-
racy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature.
Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media
springer.com
© Springer 2008
Printed in Japan
Typesetting: SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Printing and binding: Kato Bunmeisha, Japan
Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
Now more than ever, thrombotic and thromboembolic disorders as well as related
diseases such as malignancies, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and
obesity are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. They have become urgent
medical problems with serious economic consequences in industrialized and develop-
ing countries alike. At the same time, the impact of molecular biology and genetics
on our understanding of thrombosis and hemostasis is rapidly growing stronger as
well as our knowledge of regeneration and development of specific tissues, organs,
and embryos. Researchers are also constantly learning more about cardiovascular
diseases as well as regulatory mechanisms for various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli
in viable tissues. In this volume, our intention has been to present the latest relevant
information in molecular biology and genetics as well as the clinical implications of
a better understanding of pathophysiology, novel diagnostic methodologies, and
therapeutic applications for new methods of prevention in thrombosis/hemostasis
and related disorders, including atherosclerosis.
The dramatic advances in knowledge of thrombosis/hemostasis and vascular
biology since the first publication of Recent Advances in Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis,
edited with Japanese colleagues, in 1991, have required extensive revision in order to
highlight and review recent progress in the field. The editors also gratefully welcome
the seven distinguished non-Japanese authors, who, with their valuable contributions
on subjects beyond the coverage by Japanese authors, have made this new edition truly
international.
We hope that this book will prove useful to readers who wish to expand their
knowledge of the biology and medicine of thrombosis and hemostasis, thus justifying
the effort and hard work of all those involved in its publication. We also note that the
XXIIIrd International Congress of the International Society of Thrombosis and
Haemostasis (ISTH) will be held in Kyoto, Japan, in July 2011. We earnestly hope that
the endeavors that went into the publishing of this book will help to promote the
scientific excitement that we anticipate for the 2011 ISTH Congress in Kyoto and will
contribute to its greater success.
March 2008
Kenzo Tanaka and Earl W. Davie, Editors
Yasuo Ikeda, Sadaaki Iwanaga, Hidehiko Saito,
and Katsuo Sueishi, Associate Editors
Acknowledgments
A special acknowledgment is due to the following colleagues who undertook the
major task of coordinating various chapters and providing helpful critiques: Ikuro
Maruyama, Osamu Matsuo, Yukio Ozaki, Yoichi Sakata, Koji Suzuki, and Akira
Yoshioka (all from the Japanese Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis). Our deepest
appreciation also goes to the various contributors for their professional expertise and
cooperation.
Contents
Preface V
Contributors XI
Part 1 Coagulation Mechanism
Structure and Functions of Fibrinogen and Fibrin
Michael W. Mosesson 3
Vitamin K Cycles and y-Carboxylation of Coagulation Factors
Barrel W. Stafford and Christine M. Hebling 27
Synthesis and Secretion of Coagulation Factor VIII
Michael U. Callaghan and Randal J. Kaufman 45
Structure and Biological Function of Factor XI
Kazuo Fujikawa 68
Structural Insights into the Life History of Thrombin
James A. Huntington 80
A Molecular Model of the Human Prothrombinase Complex
Stephen J. Everse, Ty E. Adams, and Kenneth G. Mann 107
Lipid Mediators and Tissue Factor Expression
Hiroyuki Takeya and Koji Suzuki 133
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Structure and Function
Hisao Kato 147
Biology of an Antithrombotic Factor—ADAMTS13
Fumiaki Banno and Toshiyuki Miyata 162
Antithrombin and Heparin Cofactor II: Structure and Functions
Takehiko Koide 177
VII
VIII Contents
Part 2 Endothelial Cells and Inflammation
High-Mobility Group Box i: Missing Link Between Thrombosis
and Inflammation?
Takashi Ito, Ko-ichi Kawahara, Teruto Hashiguchi, and Ikuro Maruyama ... 193
Coagulation, Inflammation, and Tissue Remodeling
Koji Suzuki, Tatsuya Hayashi, Osamu Taguchi, and Esteban Gabazza 203
Structure and Function of the Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor
Kenji Fukudome 211
New Aspects of Antiinflamatory Activity of Antithrombin: Molecular
Mechanism(s) and Therapeutic Implications
Naoaki Harada and Kenji Okajima 218
Part 3 Platelets
Platelet Collagen Receptors
Stephanie M. Jung and Masaaki Moroi 231
Positive and Negative Regulation of Integrin Function
Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Masamichi Shiraga, and Hirokazu Kashiwagi 243
GPIb-Related SignaHng Pathways in Platelets
Yukio Ozaki 253
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as a Platelet-Derived Bioactive Lipid
Yutaka Yatomi 265
Polymorphisms of Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
Yumiko Matsubara, Mitsuru Murata, and Yasuo Ikeda 277
Platelet Procoagulant Activity Appeared by Exposure of Platelets to Blood
Flow Conditions
Shinya Goto 290
Part 4 Tissue Proteolysis
Regulation of Cellular uPA Activity and Its Implication in Pathogenesis
of Diseases
Soichi Kojima 301
Role of tPA in the Neural System
Nobuo Nagai and Tetsumei Urano 314
Role of Fibrinolysis in the Nasal System
Takayuki Sejima and Yoichi Sakata 328
Role of Fibrinolysis in Hepatic Regeneration
Kiyotaka Okada, Shigeru Ueshima, and Osamu Matsuo 336
Pathophysiology of Transglutaminases Including Factor FXIII
Akitada Ichinose 348
Contents IX
Part 5 Vascular Development and Regeneration
A Linkage in the Developmental Pathway of Vascular and Hematopoietic Cells
Jun K. Yamashita 363
Atherosclerosis and Angiogenesis: Double Face of Neovascularization in
Atherosclerotic Intima and Collateral Vessels in Ischemic Organs
Katsuo Sueishi, Mitsuho Onimaru, and Yutaka Nakashima 374
Part 6 Hemorrhagic Diathesis
HemophiUa A and Inhibitors
Midori Shima and Akira Yoshioka 389
von Willebrand Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Masato Nishino 406
Part 7 Other Topics of Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Age-Related Homeostasis and Hemostatic System
Kotoku Kurachi, Sumiko Kurachi, Toshiyuki Hamada, Emi Suenaga,
Tatiana Bolotova, and Elena Solovieva 427
Molecular Evolution of Blood Clotting Factors with Special Reference to
Fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor
Sadaaki Iwanaga, Soutaro Gokudan, and Jun Mizuguchi 439
Snake Venoms and Other Toxic Components Affecting Thrombosis and
Hemostasis
Yasuo Yamazaki and Takashi Morita 462
Structures and Potential Roles of Oligosaccharides in Human Coagulation
Factors and von Willebrand Factor
Taei Matsui, Jiharu Hamako, and Koiti Titani 483
Part 8 Clinicals: Thrombosis-related Disorders and Recent Topics
Hypercoagulable States
Tetsuhito Kojima and Hidehiko Saito 507
Etiopathology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Tatsuya Atsumi, Olga Amengual, and Takao Koike 521
Malignancy and Thrombosis
Hiroshi Kobayashi, Ryuji Kawaguchi, Yoriko Tsuji, Yoshihiko Yamada,
Mariko Sakata, Seiji Kanayama, Shoji Haruta, and Hidekazu Oi 536
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Hideo Wada 551
Current Clinical Status of Venous Thromboembolism in Japan
Mashio Nakamura, Takeshi Nakano, Satoshi Ota, Norikazu Yamada,
Masatoshi Miyahara, Naoki Isaka, and Masaaki Ito 563
X Contents
Platelet Activity and Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and
Transient Ischemic Attack
Shinichiro Uchiyama, Tomomi Nakamura, Yumi Kimura, and
Masako Yamazaki 574
Clinical Role of Recombinant Factor Vila in Bleeding Disorders
Harold R. Roberts, Dougald M. Monroe, and Nigel S. Key 587
CHnical Role of Protein S Deficiency in Asian Population
Naotaka Hamasaki and Taisuke Kanaji 597
Atherothrombosis and Thrombus Propagation
Atsushi Yamashita and Yujiro Asada 614
Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Yoshihiro Fujimura, Masanori Matsumoto, and Hideo Yagi 625
Keyword Index 641
Contributors
Adams, Ty E.
Department of Haematology, Division of Structural Medicine, Thrombosis
Research Unit, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of
Cambridge
Wellcome Trust/MRC, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
Amengual, Olga
Department of Medicine II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
N-15 W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
Asada, Yujiro
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Atsumi, Tatsuya
Department of Medicine II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
N-15 W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
Banno, Fumiaki
Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research
Institute
5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
Bolotova, Tatiana
Age Dimension Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST)
AIST Tsukuba Center 6-13, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
Callaghan, Michael U.
Fellow Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's
Hospital of Michigan
3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
XI
Description:Now more than ever, thrombotic and thromboembolic disorders as well as related diseases such as malignancies, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. They have become urgent medical problems with serious economic consequences
