Table Of ContentRecent Advances in
Thermo and Fluid Dynamics
Edited by Mofid Gorji-Bandpy
Recent Advances in Thermo and Fluid Dynamics
Edited by Mofid Gorji-Bandpy
Published by AvE4EvA
Copyright © 2015
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Published December 21, 2015
ISBN-10: 953-51-2239-8
ISBN-13: 978-953-51-2239-5
C ontents
Preface
Chapter 1 Prediction of Solubility of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in
Single Solvents and Their Mixtures — Solvent Screening
by Ehsan Sheikholeslamzadeh and Sohrab Rohani
Chapter 2 Dynamics of Droplets
by Hossein Yahyazadeh and Mofid Gorji-Bandpy
Chapter 3 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic and Quantum Model of a
Damped Oscillator
by Gyula Vincze and Andras Szasz
Chapter 4 Linear Approximation of Efficiency for Similar Non-
Endoreversible Cycles to the Carnot Cycle
by Delfino Ladino-Luna, Ricardo T. Páez-Hernández and Pedro
Portillo-Díaz
Chapter 5 Thermal Hysteresis Due to the Structural Phase Transitions in
Magnetization for Core-Surface Nanoparticles
by Rıza Erdem, Songül Özüm and Orhan Yalçın
Chapter 6 Information Thermodynamics and Halting Problem
by Bohdan Hejna
Chapter 7 Thermodynamics of Coral Diversity — Diversity Index of
CoralDistributions in Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan and Intermediate
Disturbance Hypothesis
by Shinya Shimokawa, Tomokazu Murakami, Akiyuki Ukai,
Hiroyoshi Kohno, Akira Mizutani and Kouta Nakase
VI Contents
Chapter 8 Thermodynamics of Abiotic Stress and Stress Tolerance of
Cultivated Plants
by Vesna Dragičević
Chapter 9 The Planck Power – A Numerical Coincidence or a Fundamental
Number in Cosmology?
by Jack Denur
Chapter 10 Absolute Zero and Even Colder?
by Jack Denur
Chapter 11 Foundation of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics Based on
Generalized Entropy
by A.S. Parvan
Preface
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and
temperature and their relation to energy and work. It defines
macroscopic variables, such as internal energy, entropy, and
pressure, that partly describe a body of matter or radiation. It
states that the behavior of these variables is subject to general
constraints that are common to all materials, not to the peculiar
properties of particular materials.
These general constraints are expressed in the three laws of
thermodynamics which had a deep influence on the development
of physics and chemistry.
This book aims to present novel ideas that are crossing traditional
disciplinary boundaries and introducing a wide spectrum of
viewpoints and approaches in applied thermodynamics of the
third millennium.
The book will be of interest to those working in the fields of
propulsion systems, power generation systems, chemical
industry, quantum systems, refrigeration, fluid flow, combustion,
and other phenomena.
Chapter 1
Prediction of Solubility of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients in Single Solvents and Their Mixtures —
Solvent Screening
Ehsan Sheikholeslamzadeh and Sohrab Rohani
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/60982
Abstract
In this chapter, the applicability of two predictive activity coefficient-based models
will be examined. The experimental data from five different types of VLE (vapor-
liquid equilibrium) and VLLE (vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium) systems that are
common in industry are used for the evaluation. The nonrandom two-liquid segment
activity coefficient (NRTL-SAC) and universal functional activity coefficient (UNI‐
FAC) were selected to model the systems. The various thermodynamic relations
existing in the open literature will be discussed and used to predict the solubility of
active pharmaceutical ingredients and other small organic molecules in a single or a
mixture of solvents. Equations of states, the activity coefficient, and predictive models
will be discussed and used for this purpose. We shall also present some of our results
on solvent screening using a single and a mixture of solvents.
Keywords: Solubility prediction, Pharmaceuticals, , NRTL-SAC Thermodynamic
model, Activity coefficient, Solvent screening, Single solvent, Solvent mixture
1.Introduction
The study of solutions and their properties is one of the important branches of thermodynam‐
ics. It is important to know the behavior of a mixture of components for a change in temper‐
ature, pressure, and composition. Knowledge in this area of thermodynamics helps engineers
