Table Of ContentStudies in Systems, Decision and Control 301
Ju H. Park Editor
Recent Advances in
Control Problems
of Dynamical
Systems and
Networks
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control
Volume 301
Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland
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Ju H. Park
Editor
Recent Advances in Control
Problems of Dynamical
Systems and Networks
123
Editor
Ju H.Park
Department ofElectrical Engineering
Yeungnam University
Kyongsan,Korea (Republic of)
ISSN 2198-4182 ISSN 2198-4190 (electronic)
Studies in Systems,DecisionandControl
ISBN978-3-030-49122-2 ISBN978-3-030-49123-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49123-9
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To my parents
Preface
In the last decade, there have been rapid developments and changes in the field of
control engineering. Departing from the study of classical linear/nonlinear control
systems, tremendous efforts have been made to tackle more complex systems or
networks and many real-world application problems. In particular, with the more
powerful IT technology, the components of the control systems are connected to a
wireless network, and the concept of a cyber-physical system in which physical
layersandcyberspacescoexisthasalsoemerged.Besides,undertheinfluenceofthe
4th Industrial Revolution, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,
machinelearning,InternetofThings,virtualreality,wearabledevices,andbigdata
are grafting with control systems.
In addition to the progress of this innovative technology, the field of control
theory has been creating a stepping stone to solve the limitations of reality one by
one that has not been addressed in the past. From this point of view, even in the
sameresearchsubjectincontrolengineering,theintentionofplanningthisbookis
to cover with issues such as (i) control theories that weren’t developed, (ii) con-
straintsofsystemsthatweren’taddressed,or(iii)controlsystemsofnewstructures
that could not be dealt with when readers look at books or papers published 10
years ago.
Aim of the Book
The aim of this book is (1) to provide an introduction to recent research trend on
various topics on control problems of dynamical systems and networks and (2) to
present novel analysis and synthesis frameworks for investigating the stability and
designing controllers of the systems and networks.
To show the progress of research on these topics from various perspectives, in
this book, several dynamic system models in the continuous or discrete-time
domainsuchastraditionallinearandnonlinearsystems,networkedcontrolsystems,
fractional-order systems, switched systems, large-scale interconnected systems,
vii
viii Preface
neural networks, and complex networks have been considered for various control
problems.
In the system analysis, certain system phenomena including uncertainties, time
delays, actuator faults, switching, asynchronous sampling, event-triggered scheme,
impulse,andcyber-attacksareconsideredtodealwiththestabilityandstabilization
problems in the systems and networks. In order to show applicability to real
problems, it is noted that some examples are chosen from practical industrial
models.
From a detailed view of the contents of the book, it collects works carried out
recently by promising experts in this field. By their contribution, this book covers
the problems on observer/estimator design, observer-based control, finite-time
stability and stabilization, eigenvector-centrality-based consensus protocol,
sampled-data control, fuzzy-based control, sliding mode control, fault alarm, fault
detection/estimation/reconstruction, fault-tolerant control, event-triggered control,
asynchronous quantized control, synchronization, positivity, stochastic stability,
and so on.
Some preliminary results of the material presented in the book may have been
published in eminent international journals in recent years by contributors.
Therefore, if readers want to know additional basic knowledge and advanced one
related to the contents of each chapter, please refer to the previously published
resultsofeachcontributor,whichcanbeeasilyfoundthroughacademicDBsearch.
It is noted that this book attempts to consolidate the recent new results or
extended results of previous studies from contributors on the topics mentioned
above. In this respect, the book as a tutorial reference as well as an advanced
monographislikelytobeofuseforthewideandheterogeneousgroupofgraduate
students and doctoral researchers in science and engineering who are focusing on
control theory and corresponding real applications for various dynamical systems
and networks.
Main Features of This Book
Thisbookpresentsboththeoreticaldevelopmentandapplicationsintherealworld
in the important research areas in control engineering including linear systems,
nonlinear systems, time-delay systems, positive systems, multi-agent systems,
fractional-ordersystems,networkedcontrolsystems,hybridandswitchingsystems,
stochasticsystems,fuzzysystems,descriptorsystems,parabolicsystems,impulsive
systems, complex networks, and neural networks.
Ascanbeseenfromthesystemclassificationmentionedabove,thisbookcovers
the latest control problems for almost all systems studied in control engineering.
For dealing with these systems and networks, some new control strategies are
applied based on the following control schemes including sampled-data control,
fault-tolerantcontrol,event-triggeredcontrol,slidingmodecontrol,observer-based
control, and H1 control.
Preface ix
Appropriate features suggested by this book include the following:
1. Providing various mathematical and engineering basic and advanced
knowledge.
2. Introduction of various control systems and networks.
3. Presenting recent research trends on control theory.
4. State-of-the-art controller design techniques.
5. Constraints in the control system to be considered in the real environment.
6. Examples to help readers understand how the theories and methods presented
apply.
7. Accompanying detailed simulation results.
Prerequisites and Intended Audience
Thisbookshouldbeofinteresttobothgraduatestudentsandresearchersinthearea
of control theory and applications, as well as those new to the area. The reporting
on the latest developments from various points of view in this area is certainly to
attract intense interest to relevant researchers who are concerned with the newest
trends and topics.
To understand the research flow and contents on the various topics covered in
thisbook,thebackgroundrequiredofthereadersisbasicandadvancedknowledge
of linear algebra, calculus, linear and nonlinear control system theory, Lyapunov
stability theory, probability theory, and simulation techniques.
In particular, for the fractional-order systems discussed in Part, additional
knowledgeoftheLyapunovfunctiontheoryassociatedwithfractionalderivativesis
required.
Outline of the Book
The book is composed of four parts, with the system classification ranging from
Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems, Switched Systems and Hybrid Control,
Fractional-Order Systems, and Dynamical Networks.
In soliciting the chapter contributions from experts on related fields, maximum
effort has been attempted to cover the hottest topics in four above research
categories.
Part,“LinearandNonlinearDynamicSystems”,startsinchapter“PartialState
ObserversforLinearTime-DelaySystems”andendswithchapter“FaultEstimator
for Parabolic Systems with Distributed Inputs and Outputs”, which introduces the
recent control problems on a variety of topics on linear and nonlinear dynamic
systems.
x Preface
Asweknowwell,adynamicsystemisasysteminwhichthestates(orvariables)
areexpressedasafunctionoftimeinphysicalspace.Manypeoplebelievethatthe
concept of such dynamic systems was invented by French mathematician Henri
Poincare in the late 1800s. The most basic classification of dynamic systems is to
distinguish between linear and nonlinear systems. A linear dynamic system is a
mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator. Nonlinear
systemsrefertothetypeofdynamicsystemswheretheoutputfromthesystemdoes
not vary directly with respect to input to the system.
Starting from the nineteenth century, control problems of linear or nonlinear
dynamic systems in various areas we encounter result from system modeling to
stability analysis and controller design. First, there has been a tremendous amount
of research into the stability of dynamic systems over two centuries. Various sta-
bility concepts including asymptotic stability, exponential stability, bounded-input
bounded-output stability, Nyquist stability, uniform stability, stochastic stability,
and absolute stability have been introduced through stability theories. In addition,
control theories for stabilizing such systems have evolved. For example, PID
control, optimal control, adaptive control, robust control, fuzzy control, neural
control,stochasticcontrol,model-predictivecontrol,andsoon.Ingeneral,systems
are analyzed in the time domain or in the frequency domain by considering the
characteristicsofthesystemtodealwithcontrolproblems.Asiswellknown,inthe
frequency domain analysis of classical control theory, the Fourier transform,
Laplacetransform,orZ-transformisusedtodealwiththevariousanalysesoflinear
systemsindepth.Ontheotherhand,inthetimedomainformoderncontroltheory,
theanalysis ofreal-worldnonlinear systems including linear systemsiscarried out
using state equations, another form of differential equations.
Forstabilityandstabilizationofdynamicsystems,inthisPart,forvariouslinear
systems andnonlinear systems having impulse,fault,delay, oruncertainfactorsin
continuous-time or discrete-time space, the controller design techniques of a
number of ways for the stabilization of closed-loop systems are introduced.
Part,“SwitchedSystemsandHybridControl”,startsinchapter“Event-Triggered
Control of Discrete-Time Switched Linear Systems Via Communication Channels
withLimitedCapacity”andendswithchapter“AsynchronousQuantizedControlfor
MarkovSwitchingSystemswithChannelFading”,whichintroduceshottesttopicson
switched systems and hybrid control.
A hybrid system is capable of exhibiting simultaneously several kinds of
dynamic behavior in different parts of a system like continuous-time dynamics,
discrete-time dynamics, jump phenomena, operating mode changes, and
logic-based switching. From the mathematical standpoint, these hybrid systems
have mathematical models of different forms, such as algebraic equations, differ-
enceequations,ordinarydifferentialequations,and/orpartialdifferentialequations.
Switchedsystemsareanimportantclassofhybriddynamicalsystems,whichare
widelyusedtomodelmanyrealphysicalsystemswithmulti-modeswitching,such
as, in electronic circuits field, power electronics, chemical processes, mechanical
systems,automotiveindustry,aircraftandairtrafficcontrol,andsoon.Ingeneral,a
switched system consists of a finite number of continuous (or discrete)-time
