Realizing Bakke's Legacy: Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity, and Access to Higher Education

281 Pages·2008·1.24 MB·English

by  Patricia Marin

REALIZING BAKKE’S LEGACY
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R E A L I Z I N G
B A K K E’ S L E G A C Y
Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity,
and Access to Higher Education
Edited by
Patricia Marin & Catherine L. Horn
STERLING, VIRGINIA
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copyright(cid:2)2008by
styluspublishing,llc.
PublishedbyStylusPublishing,LLC
22883QuicksilverDrive
Sterling,Virginia20166–2102
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor
reproducedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanicalor
othermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including
photocopying,recordingandinformationstorageand
retrieval,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publication-Data
RealizingBakke’slegacy:affirmativeaction,equal
opportunity,andaccesstohighereducation/editedby
PatriciaMarin&CatherineL.Horn.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978–1-57922–267–3(hardcover:alk.
paper)—ISBN978–1-57922–268–0(pbk.:alk.paper)
1.Discriminationinhighereducation—United
States. 2.Affirmativeactionprogramsin
education—UnitedStates. 3.Educational
equalization—UnitedStates. 4.Bakke,AllanPaul. I.
Marin,Patricia,Ph.D. II.Horn,CatherineL.
LC212.42.R43 2008
379.2’60973—dc22 2008000728
13-digitISBN:978–1-57922–267–3(cloth)
13-digitISBN:978–1-57922–268–0(paper)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Allfirsteditionsprintedonacidfreepaper
thatmeetstheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute
Z39–48Standard.
BulkPurchases
Quantitydiscountsareavailableforuseinworkshops
andforstaffdevelopment.
Call1–800–232–0223
FirstEdition,2008
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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This book is dedicated to
John T. Yun and John T. Clegg
for supporting us unconditionally.
For Ryan, Harper, and Alexander—
to encourage you to make the world a better place.
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CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii
1. 1
REALIZING THE LEGACY OF BAKKE
CatherineL.HornandPatriciaMarin
PART ONE: BAKKE’S LEGAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL LINEAGE
2
.
BAKKE, ANTIDISCRIMINATION JURISPRUDENCE, AND
15
THE TRAJECTORY Of AFFIRMATIVE ACTION LAW
AngeloN.Ancheta
3
.
CAN WE FIND COMMON GROUND ON AFFIRMATIVE
41
ACTION 30 YEARS AFTER BAKKE?
MicheleS.Moses
PART TWO: THE EDUCATIONAL PIPELINE: PAST,
PRESENT, AND FUTURE
4. 61
O’CONNOR’S CLAIM
TheEducationalPipelineandBakke
JohnT.YunandChungmeiLee
5. 87
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IN THE STATES
AreWeProgressingTowardEquityin2028?
DonaldE.Heller
6. 110
BAKKE BEYOND COLLEGE ACCESS
InvestigatingRacial/EthnicDifferencesinCollegeCompletion
MichalKurlaenderandErikaFelts
vii
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viii CONTENTS
PART THREE: POLICY AND PRACTICE
7. 145
IS 1500 THE NEW 1280?
TheSATandAdmissionsSinceBakke
CatherineL.HornandJohnT.Yun
8. 170
BAKKE AT 30
AHistoryofAffirmativeActioninU.S.LawSchools
WilliamC.Kidder
9
.
INSTITUTIONAL DECISION MAKING AND THE
198
POLITICS OF FEAR 30 YEARS AFTER BAKKE
KarenMiksch
10. 219
BAKKE AND STATE POLICY
ExercisingInstitutionalAutonomytoMaintainaDiverse
StudentBody
PatriciaMarinandStellaM.Flores
11. 240
THE FUTURE OF BAKKE
PatriciaMarinandCatherineL.Horn
247
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
253
INDEX
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TABLES
CHAPTER 2: BAKKE, ANTIDISCRIMINATION JURISPRUDENCE, AND
THE TRAJECTORY OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION LAW
Table 2.1 Anticlassification vs. Antisubordination Norms 17
CHAPTER 4: O’CONNOR’S CLAIM
TheEducationalPipelineandBakke
Table4.1 PublicSchoolEnrollment,byRace/Ethnicity,
1968–2005(inMillions) 64
Table4.2 DistributionofStudents,byRaceandRegion,
1990and2005 65
Table4.3 DistributionofStudentsbyPercentWhite
inSchoolandRace/Ethnicity,2005 66
Table4.4 DistributionofStudentsbyPercentWhite
inSchoolandRace/Ethnicity,1990 68
Table4.5 DistributionofStudentsbySchoolRacialComposition
andPoverty,2005 69
Table4.6 DistributionofStudentsbySchoolRacialComposition
andPoverty,1995 70
CHAPTER 5: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IN THE STATES
AreWeProgressingTowardEquityin2028?
Table5.1 EducationalPipelineRatiosfortheNation 92
CHAPTER 6: BAKKE BEYOND COLLEGE ACCESS
InvestigatingRacial/EthnicDifferencesinCollegeCompletion
Table6.1 BlackandHispanicRepresentationatPublicFlagshipInstitutions,
2005 128
Table6.2 CollegeGraduationRates,byRace/Ethnicity,2005 131
CHAPTER 7: IS 1500 THE NEW 1280?
TheSATandAdmissionsSinceBakke
Table7.1 Number,Change,andPercentChangeinCollege-BoundSeniors
TakingtheSATReasoningExaminationDuringTheirHigh
SchoolCareers,1996and2006 156
ix
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