Readings in the History of Æsthetics

475 Pages·2005·4.6 MB·English

Readings in the History of
Æsthetics
An Open-Source Reader
Ver. 0.11
Lee Archie
John G. Archie
Readings in the History of Æsthetics: An Open-Source Reader;
Ver. 0.11
byLeeArchie
byJohnG.Archie
DraftEdition
PublishedJanuary,2006
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Table of Contents
“Preface” ................................................................................................i
WhyOpenSource?..........................................................................i
ANoteaboutSelections..................................................................ii
1.“ArtasImitationandtheFormofBeauty”by Plato....................1
IdeasofInterestfromTheRepublicandTheSymposium................2
TheReadingSelectionfromTheRepublic......................................3
[TheArtistasImitator]............................................................3
[TheThreeArts]......................................................................8
[TwoPrinciplesofSoul]........................................................10
[TheDangersofPoetry].........................................................13
TheReadingSelectionfromtheSymposium.................................16
[LoveasaMean]....................................................................16
[WhyBeautyIsDesired].......................................................18
[TheEternalNatureofLove].................................................19
[CreationandScienceofBeauty]..........................................22
RelatedIdeas..................................................................................24
TopicsWorthInvestigating............................................................25
2.“ArtAsIdealization”by Aristotle.................................................28
IdeasofInterestfromAristotle’sÆsthetics...................................29
ÆstheticSelections........................................................................30
NicomacheanEthicsBk.II[ÆstheticStandards]..................30
Metaphysics...........................................................................32
Bk.XI[Beauty,NotRelativeinThings].......................32
Bk.XIII[FormsofBeauty]...........................................33
Poetics....................................................................................33
I.“Imitation”TheCommonPrincipleoftheArtsof
Poetry.....................................................................34
II.TheObjectsofImitation...........................................34
III.TheMannerofImitation..........................................35
IV.TheOriginandDevelopmentofPoetry...................35
VIIThePlotMustBeWhole.........................................36
IXDramaticUnity.........................................................36
XIVTheTragicEmotionsofPityandFearShouldSpring
OutofthePlotItself[DescriptionofKatharsis]...37
XXV.CriticalObjectionsBroughtAgainstPoetry,And
ThePrinciplesOnWhichTheyAreToBe
Answered...............................................................38
vi
RhetoricBk.I[BeautyRelativetoUs]..........................................40
RelatedIdeas..................................................................................41
TopicsWorthInvestigating............................................................42
3.“AuthenticBeautyIsNotSensuous”by Plotinus........................44
IdeasofInterestfromTheEnneads...............................................45
TheReadingSelectionfromTheEnneads.....................................46
1.[BeautyIsNotBasedonSymmetryorPattern].................46
2.[TheSourceofBeautyintheWorld].................................47
3.[UnityinDiversity]............................................................48
4.[BeautyInducestheSpiritofLove]...................................49
5.[TheUglyAsDescentIntoMatter]...................................50
6.[Sophrosyne]......................................................................51
7.[TheStrugglefortheAbsoluteBeautyoftheGood].........52
8.[InnerVision].....................................................................53
9.[TrainingtheSoul].............................................................53
RelatedIdeas..................................................................................55
TopicsWorthInvestigating............................................................56
4.“BeautyisaKindofKnowledge”byThomasAquinas................59
IdeasofInterestfromSummaTheologica.....................................60
TheReadingSelectionfromSummaTheologica...........................61
I,Q5OfGoodnessinGeneral,A1Whethergoodnessand
beingarethesamereally?..............................................61
I,Q5ofGoodnessinGeneral,A4Whethergoodnesshasthe
aspectofafinalcause?...................................................62
I,Q5OfGoodnessinGeneral,A6Whethergoodnessis
dividedintothevirtuous,theusefulandthepleasant?..63
PartI,Question39OfPersonsinRelationtotheEssence,
Article8Whichattributesshoudbebeappropriatedto
eachperson?...................................................................63
I,Q91TheProductionoftheFirstMan’sBody,A3Whether
thebodyofmanwasgivenanaptdisposition?.............63
II,FirstPart,Q2OfThoseThingsinWhichMan’sHappiness
Consists,Q6Whetherman’shappinessconsistsin
pleasure?........................................................................64
II,FirstPart,Q27A1Whethergoodistheonlycauseoflove?
65
II,FirstPart,Q27OftheCauseofLove,A2Whether
knowledgeisacauseoflove?........................................65
II,SecondPart,Q145OfHonesty,A2Whetherthehonestis
thesameasthebeautiful?..............................................66
ReadingsintheHistoryofÆsthetics:AnOpen-SourceText vii
RelatedIdeas..................................................................................66
TopicsWorthInvestigating............................................................67
5.“PleasuresoftheImagination”byJosephAddison......................69
IdeasofInterestfromTheSpectator..............................................70
TheReadingSelectionfromTheSpectator ..................................71
No.411.Saturday,June21,1712.[Pleasuresofthe
Imagination]...................................................................71
No.412.Monday,June23,1712.[SourcesofPleasures].....73
No.413.Tuesday,June24,1712.[FinalCausesofBeauty].76
No.414.Wednesday,June25,1712.[TheArtofNature].....79
RelatedIdeas..................................................................................81
TopicsWorthInvestigating............................................................82
6.“TheSenseofBeauty”byFrancisHutcheson...............................83
IdeasofInterestfromHutcheson’sInquiry...................................84
TheReadingSelectionfromHutcheson’sInquiry.........................85
SectionI:ConcerningsomePowersofPerception,distinct
fromwhatisgenerallyunderstoodbySensation...........85
SectionII:OfOriginalorAbsoluteBeauty...........................88
SectionIII:OftheBeautyofTheorems.................................89
SectionIV:OfRelativeorComparativeBeauty....................91
SectionVI:OftheUniversalityoftheSenseofBeautyAmong
Men................................................................................91
SectionVII:OfthePowerofCustom,Education,and
Example,astoourInternalSenses................................94
SectionVIII:OftheImportanceoftheInternalSensesinLife,
andtheFinalCausesofThem........................................95
RelatedIdeas..................................................................................97
TopicsWorthInvestigating............................................................98
7.“ÆstheticPrinciplesAreNotUniversal”by Voltaire................101
IdeasofInterestfrom“Beauty”...................................................102
TheReadingSelectionfrom“Beauty”........................................102
[BeautyVaries].....................................................................103
[BeautyNotTeleological]....................................................103
[BeautyOftenRelative].......................................................103
[BeautyInMoralityOftenUniversal]..................................104
RelatedIdeas................................................................................105
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................106
viii ReadingsintheHistoryofÆsthetics:AnOpen-SourceText
8.“ÆstheticPrinciplesAreUniversal”by DavidHume...............107
IdeasofInterestfromOftheStandardofTaste...........................108
[TheReadingSelectionfromOftheStandardofTaste]..............109
[StandardsofTaste].............................................................109
[PrincipleofNaturalEqualityofTastesisMistaken]..........109
[RulesofArtNotFixedbyReasonButExperience]..........110
[TheProperSentimentofBeauty].......................................111
[ÆstheticSentimentIsImprovedThroughEducation].......114
[ScientificStandardsMoreDisputed]..................................116
[SourcesofVaraiationinStandards]....................................116
RelatedIdeas................................................................................117
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................118
9.“ArtisIdealImitation”byJoshuaReynolds..............................120
IdeasofInterestfromDiscoursesOnArt....................................121
TheReadingSelectionfromDiscoursesonArt:VII...................122
[LearningtheScienceofArt]..............................................122
[ArtisticTaste].....................................................................123
[Criticism:TwoKindsofTruth]..........................................124
[PrinciplesofArt]................................................................125
[StandardsofTaste].............................................................126
RelatedIdeas................................................................................131
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................132
10.“TasteIsUniversal”byEdmundBurke....................................135
IdeasofInterestfrom“OnTaste”................................................136
TheReadingSelectionfrom“OnTaste”......................................137
[LogicofTaste]....................................................................137
[SensesofAllPersonsAreSimilar]....................................138
[ThePowerofImagination].................................................141
[HowDifferencesinTastesArise].......................................143
[DefinitionofTaste].............................................................144
[TasteIsNotaUniqueFaculty]...........................................147
OftheSublime.....................................................................148
TheSublimeandBeautifulCompared.................................148
RelatedIdeas................................................................................149
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................150
11.“ÆstheticJudgementsareNecessary”byImmanuelKant.....153
IdeasofInterestfrom“AnalyticoftheBeautiful”.......................155
TheReadingSelectionfrom“AnalyticoftheBeautiful”............156
ReadingsintheHistoryofÆsthetics:AnOpen-SourceText ix
FirstMoment.OftheJudgmentofTaste:2MomentofQuality
156
SecondMoment.OftheJudgmentofTaste:Momentof
Quantity........................................................................159
ThirdMoment.OfJudgementsofTaste:Momentofthe
RelationoftheEndsbroughtunderReviewinsuch
Judgements...................................................................164
FourthMoment.OftheJudgementofTaste:Momentofthe
ModalityoftheDelightintheObject..........................171
RelatedIdeas................................................................................173
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................174
12.“ArtasLivingForm”byFrederichSchiller.............................177
IdeasofInterest:ÆstheticalEducationofMan...........................178
TheReadingSelectionfromÆstheticalEducationofMan........179
LetterI[MoralityandTheBeautiful]..................................179
LetterII[ÆstheticsEntailsPoliticalFreedom]...................179
LetterVII[TheFacultiesofUnderstandingandSensibility]
180
LetterXI[Sensuous-RationalNatureofMan].....................180
LetterXII[SensationIsTemporal;FormalIsEternal]........181
LetterXIII[HumanNatureandCulture].............................182
LetterVIX[ThePlayInstinct].............................................183
LetterXV[Beauty,CommonObjectofthePlayInstinct]...183
LetterXXVI[TheConditionofHumanity].........................185
LetterXXVII[ArtNecessaryforFreeSocialOrder]..........186
RelatedIdeas................................................................................188
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................189
13.“ArtExpressestheUniversal”byFriedrichWilhelmvon
Schelling......................................................................................191
IdeasofInterestfromÜberdasVerhältnisderbildendenKünstezu
derNatur..............................................................................192
TheReadingSelectionfromÜberdasVerhältnisderbildenden
KünstezuderNatur.............................................................193
[ImitationTheoryofArtisMistaken].................................193
[CreativePrinciple]..............................................................194
[ArtandNature]...................................................................196
[TheEssenceofBeauty:theUniversalintheParticular]....198
2. The definition of taste here relied upon is that it is the faculty of estimating the
beautiful.
x ReadingsintheHistoryofÆsthetics:AnOpen-SourceText