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Duane Bratt & Christopher J. Kukucha
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1
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Readings in Canadian foreign policy : classic debates & new ideas
/ edited by Duane Bratt & Christopher J. Kukucha. — Third edition.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978–0–19–900831–5 (pbk.)
1. Canada—Foreign relations—Textbooks. I. Bratt, Duane, 1967–,
author, editor II. Kukucha, Christopher John, editor III. Title: Canadian foreign policy.
FC242.R43 2015 327.71 C2014-907915-X
Cover image: ©iStockPhoto.com/grajte
Oxford University Press is committed to our environment.
Wherever possible, our books are printed on paper which comes from responsible sources.
Printed and bound in the United States of America
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Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
Permissions xi
Contributors xii
Part 1 Studying Canadian Foreign Policy: Varying Approaches 1
1 The 10 Most Important Books on Canadian Foreign Policy 10
John J. Kirton
2 The Practice, Purpose, and Perils of List-Making: A Response to John Kirton’s
“10 Most Important Books on Canadian Foreign Policy” 19
Claire Turenne Sjolander and Heather A. Smith
3 Canadian Foreign Policy, 1945–1968 28
Adam Chapnick
4 Most Safely in the Middle 42
John W. Holmes
Update The Twilight of Multilateralism in Canadian Foreign Policy? 55
Tom Keating
5 Three Theoretical Perspectives 68
David B. Dewitt and John J. Kirton
Update Canada as a Principal Power 2010 85
John J. Kirton
6 The Choice to Be Made 92
Stephen Clarkson
Update The “Independence” Debates, Then and Now: False Choices and
Real Challenges 109
Brian Bow and Patrick Lennox
7 (De)constructing Foreign Policy Narratives: Canada in Afghanistan 113
Nicole Wegner
8 Hegemony in the Local Order and Accumulation in the Global:
Canada and Libya 122
Sean McMahon
Selected Bibliography 136
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vi Contents
Part 2 External Factors and Canadian Foreign Policy 141
9 Canada in an Age of Unipolarity: Structural Change and Canadian
Foreign Policy 144
Christopher Kirkey and Michael Hawes
10 Canada–US Relations: Proximity and Distance in Perspective 155
Geoffrey Hale
11 The Dynamic of Relations between Canada and China 171
Charles Burton
12 Canada’s World Can Get a Lot Bigger: The Group of 20, Global Governance,
and Security 186
Paul Heinbecker
Selected Bibliography 210
Part 3 Domestic Factors and Canadian Foreign Policy 211
13 Of Legacies and Lightning Bolts: An Updated Look at the Prime Minister and
Canadian Foreign Policy 213
Paul Gecelovsky
14 Parliament and Canadian Foreign Policy: Between Paradox and Potential 224
Gerald J. Schmitz
15 The Institutionalization of Foreign Affairs (1909–2013) 239
Patrice Dutil
16 The Indo-Canadian Diaspora and Canadian Foreign Policy: Lessons Learned
and Moving Forward 259
Anita Singh
17 Civil Society and Canadian Foreign Policy 277
David Carment and Joe Landry
Selected Bibliography 290
Part 4 Security 293
18 Defending Canada 295
Kim Richard Nossal
19 The Myth of the Pacific Society: Quebec’s Contemporary
Strategic Culture 308
Stéphane Roussel and Jean-Christophe Boucher
20 Canadian International Security Policy in the 21st Century: Closing the Book
on the Sutherland Era? Not at All. 326
Douglas Alan Ross
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Contents vii
21 Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security in a Transforming
Circumpolar World 347
Rob Huebert
Selected Bibliography 370
Part 5 Trade and Other Economic Issues 373
22 Breaking Free: A Post-mercantilist Trade and Productivity Agenda
for Canada 375
Michael Hart
23 Canada’s Policy Response to the Global Financial Crisis 400
Stephen McBride
24 Canada and the Negotiation of Investment Rules: Open for Whose
Business? 415
Elizabeth Smythe
25 The Energy Triangle: Canada, the United States, and China 434
Duane Bratt
Selected Bibliography 449
Part 6 Social Considerations: The Need to Do More? 453
26 Choosing Not to See: Canada, Climate Change, and the Arctic 459
Heather A. Smith
27 Aid Effectiveness and the Framing of New Canadian Aid Initiatives 467
Stephen Brown
28 The Harper Government, Africa Policy, and the Relative Decline of Humane
Internationalism 482
David Black
Selected Bibliography 498
Appendix A: Key Terms in Canadian Foreign Policy 501
Appendix B: Key Dates in Canadian Foreign Policy 511
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Preface
The first two editions of Readings in Canadian Foreign Policy: Classic Debates and New Ideas
were a pleasant surprise. The book’s formula of combining classic articles with newer, more
issue-specific ones appealed to students, instructors, and researchers alike. When Oxford
University Press approached us about writing a third edition, we had specific ideas about
how to improve upon the first two collections. The result is a larger text with a number of
new original articles from both established and younger scholars.
Part 1, our theoretical section, has the fewest changes. The original articles by John
Holmes, David Dewitt and John Kirton, and Stephen Clarkson all remain in the collection.
Each of these classic articulations of the three mainstream perspectives (middle power, prin-
cipal power, and satellite) is complemented by updated contributions from Tom Keating, John
Kirton, and Brian Bow and Patrick Lennox. Additional theoretical perspectives are provided
by Nicole Wegner (feminist/constructivism) and Sean McMahon (neo-Gramscian). Three
historical chapters were also added at the beginning of this section: John Kirton identifies the
10 most influential books in Canadian foreign policy; Claire Turenne Sjolander and Heather
A. Smith respond to Kirton; and Adam Chapnick offers an important historical review of the
period from 1945 to 1968.
Parts 2 and 3 continue to examine the external and domestic determinants of Canadian
foreign policy. Previous selections by Paul Gecelovsky (prime minister) and Patrice Dutil
(DFAIT/DFATD) remain, but have been updated to include information from the years of the
Harper government. New to this edition are chapters from Christopher Kirkey and Michael
Hawes (polarity), Geoffrey Hale (US), Charles Burton (China), Paul Heinbecker (G8/G20),
Gerald J. Schmitz (Parliament), Anita Singh (diasporas), and David Carment and Joe
Landry (civil society).
Parts 4, 5, and 6—the issue-specific sections—have been completely revamped. The
security section begins with a historical analysis of Canadian defence policy by Kim Nossal.
This is followed by chapters by Stéphane Roussel and Jean-Christophe Boucher (Quebec
security culture), Doug Ross (US/NORAD/NATO), and Rob Huebert (the Arctic). In the
trade and economic issues section, there are updated chapters by Elizabeth Smythe (invest-
ment) and Stephen McBride (the 2008–09 financial crisis) and new chapters by Michael
Hart (trade) and Duane Bratt (energy policy). In the final section of the volume, which
focuses on social considerations, there are chapters by Heather Smith (environment), Ste-
phen Brown (foreign aid), and David Black (Africa).
We have also kept, and updated, the pedagogical features that were introduced in the
first and second editions: section introductions, bibliographies, list of key terms, and a list
of important dates in Canadian foreign policy.
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