Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research

353 Pages·2017·3.66 MB·English

by  James A. Fain PhD RN BC-ADM FAAN

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F. A. Davis Company
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Copyright © 2017 by F. A. Davis Company
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Fain, James A., 1953- author.
Title: Reading, understanding, and applying nursing research / James A. Fain.
Other titles: Nursing research
Description: Fifth edition. | Philadelphia : F.A. Davis Company, [2017] | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2016058717 | ISBN 9780803660410
Subjects: | MESH: Nursing Research–methods | Research Design
Classifi cation: LCC RT81.5 | NLM WY 20.5 | DDC 610.73072–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016058717
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To Linda
and our children,
Lauren, Jillian, and Timothy
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PREFACE
Research plays an integral part in determining the roles and responsi-
bilities of nurses. Involvement in research can range from conducting
an independent research study to critically appraising the research
literature. Enhancing knowledge of research and practicing research
skills can help nurses increase their appreciation of how research infl u-
ences the quality of patient care.
This fi fth edition of Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing
Research has been updated while retaining all important features of
previous editions. In particular, the book has been updated to better
guide students in their understanding of evidence-based practice. The
book continues to be directed toward undergraduate students, RNs
returning to school, and practicing nurses. This edition continues to
emphasize how to read research reports, evaluate them critically, and
apply fi ndings to practice by providing more examples of nursing
research throughout the book. Steps of the research process are illus-
trated with excerpts from studies that have been published in nursing
literature.
The fi fth edition continues to organize content into three parts.
Part I, Nature of Research and the Research Process, presents the
importance of nursing research. In addition, several documents present
suggested research activities for nurses. The idea that data obtained
through sound research methods provide the necessary foundation
for best practices (evidence-based nursing) is introduced in Part I.
Part II, Planning a Research Study, discusses specifi c aspects of the
research process, providing students with information they need to
understand inductive and deductive reasoning, along with the forma-
tion of research questions and hypotheses from a conceptual model
or theoretical framework. Part III, Utilization of Nursing Research,
introduces suggested strategies for evaluating and critiquing research
reports along with guidelines for utilization of research fi ndings.
Specifi c objectives of this edition are to provide students with (1)
an understanding of the steps of the research process, (2) a sound
ethical knowledge base, (3) the skill to critically evaluate a problem
and purpose statement, (4) the knowledge of what specifi c statistical
procedures can be used to answer various research questions and/
or hypotheses, (5) the knowledge of randomized clinical trials as a
methodological “gold standard” and why use of other types of design
is so often necessary in nursing research, and (6) a sense of confi dence
in their ability to read research reports.
v
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vi Preface
As with previous editions, student learning objectives are presented
at the beginning of every chapter, along with a glossary of terms,
and summary of key ideas is presented at the end of every chapter.
A popular feature in the textbook focuses on the presentation of
excerpts from published research reports. Updated examples of
published research from actual journal articles are included in
each chapter to help students improve their skills in reading and
understanding research reports.
The quality of patient care depends largely on the quality of
nursing research. The ability to understand components of the
research process and to integrate scientifi c knowledge with practice
to make informed judgments and valid clinical decisions is critical.
Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research provides
the skills necessary to help students understand what researchers are
trying to communicate in published research reports. As consumers
of nursing research, the emphasis is on assisting the student to
understand and evaluate research reports being discussed. Use of
Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research provides a
clear and practical presentation of these skills.
—JAMES A. FAIN
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sincere thanks are extended to the many individuals who contributed
to the development of this textbook. Specifi cally, I wish to acknowledge
those individuals who have been most closely involved in the produc-
tion of the textbook. Thanks to the publisher, F. A. Davis Company,
and Susan Rhyner (Senior Acquisitions Editor, Nursing), whose support
and patience from the beginning were essential. A special thanks to
Echo K. Gerhart, Project Editor assigned to the textbook, for her
careful reading of the entire manuscript and helpful comments and
suggestions for improving the exposition.
Finally, thanks to my wife, Linda, and children, Lauren, Jillian,
and Timothy, along with the many students over the years who have
contributed directly and indirectly through their interest and support.
—JAMES A. FAIN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Nature of Research and
PART I
the Research Process
chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing Research 3
chapter 2 Understanding the Research Process and Ethical
Issues in Nursing Research 19
chapter 3 Understanding Evidence-Based Practice 49
Planning a Research Study
PART II
chapter 4 Selecting and Defi ning a Problem 77
chapter 5 Applying Appropriate Theories and
Conceptual Models 101
chapter 6 Formulating Hypotheses and
Research Questions 117
chapter 7 Selecting the Sample and Setting 133
chapter 8 Selecting a Quantitative Research Design 153
chapter 9 Selecting a Qualitative Research Design 179
chapter 10 Data Collection Methods 213
chapter 11 Principles of Measurement 239
Utilization of Nursing Research
PART III
chapter 12 Analyzing Data 263
chapter 13 Interpreting and Reporting Research Findings 291
chapter 14 Critiquing Research Reports 311
Index 331
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