Table Of ContentΓράμματα μαθεΐν δίΐ καί μαθόντα νονν €χαν
Menander
T H E J O I N T A S S O C I A T I O N OF
C L A S S I C A L T E A C H E R S ’ G R E E K C O U R S E
Reading Greek
G R A M M A R , V O C A B U L A R Y
A N D E X E R C I S E S
C a m b r i d g e
UNIVERSITY PRESS
PUBLISHED UY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OP CAMBRIDGE
The Pin building, Trumpington Street. Cambridge. United Kingdom
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building. Cambridge CB2 2RU. UK http: /Avww.cup.cam.ac.uk
40 West 20th Street. New York. NY 10011-4211. USA http: / Avww.cup.org
10 Stamford Road. Oaklcigh, Melbourne 3166. Australia
© The Joint Association of Classical Teachers' Creek Course 1978
This book is in copyright, Subjcct to statutory exception and
to the provisions of relevant eollectivc licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 197ft
Reprinted with corrections 1979, 1980
Reprinted 1982. 1983. 1986 (twice). 1987. 1988. 1989. 1990, 1991.
1993 (twice), 1994, 1995, 1996 (twice), 1997 (twice), 1999
Printed in the United States of America
Typeset in beinbo
A catalogue rctordfer this buck is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguin-lhiblieation Data is available
ISliN 0-521-21977-9 paperback
C O N T E N T S
Prcfacc ix Abbreviations x
A Grammar, Vocabularies and Exercises
for Sections One-Nineteen
Alphabet and pronunciation i
Part One
Section One 5
Section Two 25
Section Three 34
Part Two
Section Four 44
Section Five 58
Section Six 80
Part Three
Section Seven 97
Section Eight 10K
Section Nine 130
Section Ten >44
Part Four
Section Eleven 152
Section 'Twelve 174
Section Thirteen 193
Section Fourteen 201
Part Five
Section Fifteen 207
Section Sixteen 221
Section Seventeen 236
Part Six
Section Eighteen 241
Part Seven
Section Nineteen 24K
B Reference Grammar 2 59
A.i Preliminaries 2_sy
A.2 The Greek alphabet 260
Accentuation 26.4
A-3
A.4 Homeric dialect - the main features 2(, 7
B. Nouns 270
C.i Adjectives!pronouns ^71
C.2 Comparison of adjectives 27 i
C-3 Nounjadjectiue endings - a summary 274
D. Adverbs 2 7>
E.i The verb - synopsis ~7>
Έ.ζ Verb summary chart (uncontracted, tveak aorist) 27S
E 3 Irregular verbs 2iS 1
E.4 Important principal parts 2X4
F. Prepositions 290
G. Particles 292
H. ώς (ως)
297
I. Participles 298
J- Infinitives 2 99
K. Indirect speech
301
L. Temporal clauses
303
M. Purpose clauses and verbs of fearing
304
N. Polite (potential) av
305
O. Conditionals
305
P. Wishes
306
Q- Commands (orders)
306
R. Deliberatives
307
C Language Surveys 308
(0 History of the Greek language 308
(2) Active, middle and passive 310
(3) Aspect 310
(4) Optative 312
(5) Subjunctive and opt at we usages 3U
The uses of av
<<*) 315
(7) Verbs in -μι 3 i *
(8) Verbs with perfect force 318
The negatives ov and μή
(9) 319
CIO) Morphology of the cases 320
Use of the cases 322
(M)
(12) Use of the definite article 326
Vocabulary buiIding
(13) 327
D Total Vocabulary o f all words to be learnt
335
Finding the lexicon form of a verb
335
Total Vocabulary
337
List of proper names
353
E English — Greek Vocabulary 356
Notes 350
English - Greek Vocabulary 35^
F Grammar Index 363
Index of grammar 363
Index of grammar - Greek 365
Cover picture: Athene with stylus and writing tablet. (Photograph
reproduced by permission of the Staatliche Antikensaininlungcii
and Glyptothek, Munich.)
P R E F A C E
This book is written to be used in step with Reading Creek (Text) of the Joint
Association of Classical Teachers’ Greek Course. In it will be found:
(A) Running vocabularies (in alphabetical lists) and learning vocabularies for
each sub-section of the text; and at various points, grammatical explanations
and exercises, which state clearly and reinforce the grammar which will have
been met in reading the Text (pp, 1-258).
It is essential to note here that the grammar and exercises have been written on the
assumption that the text with udiich they go has already been read. Consequently, the
grammar and exercises should not be turned to until that point is reached in the reading.
(B) A Reference Grammar, which summarises and expands upon the essential
features of the grammar met in the Course (pp. 259 -307).
(C) A number of Language Surveys which look in detail at some of the more
important features of the language (pp. 308-34).
(D) A total vocabulary of all words that should have been learnt, followed by a
list of proper names (pp. 335-55).
(E) A vocabulary for the English-Greek exercises (pp. 356-62).
(F) An index to the grammar (pp. 363-7).
It would be impracticable to produce an exhaustive grammar of the whole
Greek language. Students and teachers should bear in mind that the first aim of
this grammar is to help students to translate from Greek into English, and that
we have therefore concentrated attention on the most common features ot the
language.
Acknowledgements of the debt we owe to the Steering Committee and
Advisory Panel arc to be found in Reading Greek (Text), p. xii.
J.A.C.T. Greek Course Peter V. Jones (Director)
Hughes Hall Keith C. Sidwell (Second Writer)
Cambridge cbi 2Ew, England Frances E. Corrie (Research Assistant)
November 1977
A B B R E V I A T I O N S
opt.(ative)
abs.(olute)
part.(iciple)
acc.(usative)
pass.(ive)
act.(ivc)
pcrf.(ect)
adj.(ective)
pi. (ural)
adv.(crb)
aor.(ist) plup.(erfcct)
art.(icle) prcp.(osition)
aug.(mcnt) pres, (on t)
cf. (=confcr) (Latin: ‘compare*) prim.(ary)
comp.(arativc) pron.(oun)
cond.(itional) q.(uestion)
conj. (ugatcd, ugation) rcdupL(icated, ication)
contr.(acted, action) rel.(ativc)
dat.(ivc) s.(ingular)
decl.(ension) sc.(ilicet) (Latin: ‘presumably )
dcf.(inite) see. (ondary)
dcl.(ibcrativc) seq.(uencc)
dir.(cct) sp.(eech)
f.(cminine) str.(ong)
fut.(ure) subj.(unctive)
gcn.(itive) sup.(erlativc)
impcr.(ative) tr. (ansi ate)
impf. (=impcrfect) uncomr.(acted)
inc.(luding)
unfulf (illed)
ind.(icative)
vb. (= verb)
indcc.flinablc)
voc.(ative)
indef.(inite)
\vk. ( = weak)
indir.(ect)
i st, 2nd, 3 rd refer to persons of the verb, i.e.
inf.(initivc)
ist s. = T
irr.(egular)
2nd 5. = ‘you*
Ht,(crally)
3rd s. = ‘he, she, it’
m.(asculine)
ist pi. = ‘wc'
mid.(die)
2nd pi. = ‘you’
n.(euter)
3rd pi. = ‘they'
no m. (illative)
A Grammar, Vocabularies and
Exercises for
Sections One—Nineteen
Simplified alphabet and pronunciation
A a (alpha) pronounced la/p’ or ‘calm’
B β (beta) pronounced *b’ as in English
Γ γ (gamma) a hard “g', like ‘tfot’
Δ δ (delta) a clean ‘d’, like 'dot'
E e (epsilon) short ‘o’ like ‘pet’
Z ζ (zeta) like * wisdom'
Η η (eta) pronounced as in ‘hiiir’
0 β (thcta) - blow a hard Y (‘fare’)
/ t (iota) like ‘brad’ or like ‘bin’
K κ (kappa) a clcan ‘k’ like ‘skin’
A λ (lambda) like ‘/ock’
Μ μ (mu) like ‘mock’
N v (nu) like ‘net’
Ξ £ (xi) like ‘box’
Ο o (omicron) a short ‘o’, like ‘pot’
Π 7t (pi) a dean ‘p\ like ‘spot’
P p (rho) a rolled V , like ‘rrat’
Σ o s (sigma) a soft ‘s’, like ‘jing’
T τ (tau) a clean ‘t\ like ‘/ing*
Y u (upsilon) French ‘lime’ or German ‘Mftller’
Φ φ (phi) - blow a hard ‘p\ like ‘pool’
X x (khi) - blow a hard ‘c\ like ‘cool*
Ψ φ (psi) as in Ma/wc*
Ω oj (omega) like ‘saw’
Note ‘clean’ indicates no ‘ft* sound; 'blow hard' indicates plenty of h aspiration
(e.g. φ as in ‘top-hole’).
