Table Of ContentSignaling and Communication in Plants
Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
Abir U. Igamberdiev Editors
Reactive Oxygen and
Nitrogen Species
Signaling and
Communication in
Plants
Signaling and Communication in Plants
SeriesEditor
FrantisˇekBalusˇka
DepartmentofPlantCellBiology,IZMB,UniversityofBonn,Bonn,Germany
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/8094
Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta • Abir U. Igamberdiev
Editors
Reactive Oxygen and
Nitrogen Species Signaling
and Communication in Plants
Volume 23
Editors
KapugantiJagadisGupta AbirU.Igamberdiev
DepartmentofPlantSciences MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland
UniversityofOxford StJohn’s,NewfoundlandandLabrador
Oxford,UnitedKingdom Canada
ISSN1867-9048 ISSN1867-9056(electronic)
ISBN978-3-319-10078-4 ISBN978-3-319-10079-1(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-10079-1
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014958304
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Preface
Reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)and nitricoxide(NO),whichisthemainrepresen-
tative of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are important free radical molecules that
are formedasby-products ofmetabolism and participate in signallingevents. ROS
andRNSaloneortogetherplayroleinawidearrayofplantprocessessuchasplant–
microbeinteractions,responsestoabioticstress,stomatalregulation,andarangeof
developmental processes. Due to their short half-life, high diffusion capacity, and
ability to react rapidly with different components in the cell, they participate in
variousprocessesconnectedwithsignallingandcommunicationinplants.
ThespatialandtemporalregulationofROSandRNSproductionandscavenging
is an important aspect oftheir signalling function. ROS and RNS are producedin
plantcellinvariouscompartmentsthatincludechloroplasts,mitochondria,perox-
isomes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and plasma membranes. ROS and RNS
fulfilnumerousessentialfunctionsrightfromgerminationofseedstoplantsenes-
cence. This book describes different signalling and communication processes
governed by these molecules. In the first chapters, starting from the general
overview of the editors K.J. Gupta and A.U. Igamberdiev, the production of NO
andROSisdiscussedinrelationtooperationofvariousenzymesystemsandtheir
compartmentalization. E. Urarte et al. describe the principal role of xanthine
oxidoreductaseinproductionandturnoverofROSandNOinplants.F.Minibayeva
andR.P.Beckettparticularlyfocusontheroleofplantperoxidasesinmetabolism
ofreactivenitrogenspeciesandothernitrogenouscompounds.Hypoxiainplantsis
often associated with flooding and represents an important topic relevant to plant
productivity. In this context, K.H. Hebelstrup and I.M. Møller review the data on
ROS and RNS signalling between mitochondria and the rest of the cell under
hypoxic conditions. Plants also contain various scavenging systems for ROS and
RNS. The extent of ROS and RNS formation and their level depend on their
production and scavenging systems. V.N. Popov provides the overview of ROS
production in mitochondria and of their role in induction of the systems that
participate in ROS avoidance and scavenging. If ROS are produced in high con-
centrations they can be toxic for cellular growth and metabolism, and in the next
v
vi Preface
chapter V. Mittova et al. focus on the operation of various antioxidant systems in
wildandcultivatedvarietiesoftomato,showingtheimportanceofROSscavenging
systemsinstresstolerance.
Nitrogenisanessentialcomponentofproteins.Plantsassimilatenitrogenfrom
soilintheformofnitrate orammonium.Insomesoils ammoniumconcentrations
are very high. Ammonium toxicity is associated with redox imbalance and
increased ROS levels. In this context, A. Podgo´rska and B. Szal describe the
connection between NH + nutrition, ROS-producing reactions, and antioxidant
4
systems. Plant organisms, when they are subjected to allelopathic compounds,
respond by induction of oxidative stress, manifested as overproduction of ROS
andalterationincellularantioxidantsystems.ThisisdiscussedinthechapterofA.
Gniazdowskaetal.
Seedgerminationisadevelopmentalstageinwhichplantlifeoriginatesfromthe
quiescent embryo. There are various events associated with germination ranging
fromtheinitialuptakeofwaterbydryseedtotheemergenceofradiclethroughthe
seed coat. Seed germination is accompanied by intensive production of ROS
(superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) and RNS (NO and its derivatives). In
this context, N.V. Bykova et al. provide a detailed overview of ROS and RNS in
bioenergetics,metabolism,andsignallingprocessesassociatedwithseedgermina-
tion.M.ElhitiandC.StasollasummarizetheinformationrelatedtotheroleofROS
homeostasisandsignallinginthe induction anddevelopmentofinvitroproduced
embryos. U. Krasuska et al. Describe the pathways of NO biosynthesis in germi-
nating seeds, potential modes of NO action, and its cross-talk with plant growth
regulatorsthatdetermineseeddormancyandgermination.
Nitricoxideparticipatesincellsignallingviapost-translationalmodificationof
variousproteins.OneofthekeyprocessesisS-nitrosylation. NOsignallinginthe
nucleusisimportantduetoactivationofvariousgenesinvolvedinplantresponseto
bioticandabioticstressandinplantdevelopment.Inthisregard,A.Sehrawatand
R.DeswalprovidetheinformationonS-nitrosylationofnuclearproteinsandonits
roleinregulationofgeneexpression.ThechapterofCorpasetal.describesindetail
theprocessesofnitrationandS-nitrosylationinplants.S-nitrosoglutathionereduc-
tase is considered as a key enzyme of the regulation of intracellular levels of S-
nitrosoglutathione and indirectly also of protein S-nitrosothiols. Petrˇivalsky´ et al.
describetheroleofthisimportantenzymeintheirchapter.ROSandRNSinteract
and cross-talk with calcium signalling. This information, which is crucial for
understandingROS,RNScommunicationnetwork,iscoveredbyS.Sharma.
Overallthebookaimstocovervariousimportantaspectsofreactiveoxygenand
reactive nitrogen species signalling and communication in plants. Respected sci-
entists from several countries have contributed for this book, and the editors are
extremely grateful to all contributors. We express our heartfelt gratitude to the
technicaleditorsandbookpublishingstaffofSpringerfortheircontinuoussupport
andtimelyadviceduringthecourseofthepreparationofthisvolume.
WellingtonSquare,Oxford KapugantiJ.Gupta
St.John’s,NL,Canada AbirU.Igamberdiev
Contents
CompartmentalizationofReactiveOxygenSpeciesandNitricOxide
ProductioninPlantCells:AnOverview. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 1
KapugantiJ.GuptaandAbirU.Igamberdiev
EstablishedandProposedRolesofXanthineOxidoreductase
inOxidativeandReductivePathwaysinPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
EstibalizUrarte,RaquelEsteban,JoseFernandoMoran,andFlorianBittner
TheRolesofPlantPeroxidasesintheMetabolismofReactive
NitrogenSpeciesandOtherNitrogenousCompounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
FaridaMinibayevaandRichardP.Beckett
MitochondrialSignalinginPlantsUnderHypoxia:UseofReactive
OxygenSpecies(ROS)andReactiveNitrogenSpecies(RNS). . . . . . . . . 63
KimH.HebelstrupandIanM.Møller
FeedbackLoopofNon-coupledRespirationandReactiveOxygen
SpeciesProductioninPlantMitochondria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
VasilyN.Popov
AntioxidativeSystemsandStressTolerance:InsightfromWild
andCultivatedTomatoSpecies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ValentinaMittova,MichaVolokita,andMichaGuy
TheRoleofReactiveOxygenSpeciesUnderAmmoniumNutrition. . . . 133
AnnaPodgo´rskaandBoz˙enaSzal
AllelopathicCompoundsasOxidativeStressAgents:YesorNO. . . . . . 155
AgnieszkaGniazdowska,UrszulaKrasuska,OlgaAndrzejczak,
andDorotaSoltys
vii
viii Contents
TheRoleofReactiveOxygenandNitrogenSpeciesinBioenergetics,
Metabolism,andSignalingDuringSeedGermination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
NataliaV.Bykova,JunjieHu,ZhenguoMa,andAbirU.Igamberdiev
ROSSignallinginPlantEmbryogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
MohamedElhitiandClaudioStasolla
“NitrosativeDoor”inSeedDormancyAlleviationandGermination. . . 215
UrszulaKrasuska,KatarzynaCiacka,PaulinaAndryka-Dudek,
RenataBogatek,andAgnieszkaGniazdowska
DissectingNitricOxideSignallinginNucleus:RoleofS-Nitrosylation
inRegulatingNuclearProteins. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 239
AnkitaSehrawatandRenuDeswal
NitrationandS-Nitrosylation:TwoPost-translationalModifications
(PTMs)MediatedbyReactiveNitrogenSpecies(RNS)and
TheirRoleinSignallingProcessesofPlantCells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
FranciscoJ.Corpas,JuanCBegara-Morales,BeatrizSa´nchez-Calvo,
MouniraChaki,andJuanB.Barroso
S-NitrosoglutathioneReductase:AKeyRegulatorofS-Nitrosylation
inPlantDevelopmentandStressResponses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
MarekPetrˇivalsky´,LucieKubienova´,TerezaTicha´,andLenkaLuhova´
InteractionofCalciumSignallingwithReactiveOxygenandReactive
NitrogenSpecies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
SamirSharma
Compartmentalization of Reactive Oxygen
Species and Nitric Oxide Production in Plant
Cells: An Overview
KapugantiJ.GuptaandAbirU.Igamberdiev
1 Introduction
In recent years, the evidence has been increasing that reactive oxygen species
(ROS)andreactivenitrogenspecies(RNS)playavitalroleinplantsbycontrolling
major physiological processes such as growth, development, resistance to biotic
andabioticenvironmentalstimuli,andprogressionofprogrammedcelldeath.ROS
and RNS are the by-products of plant metabolism: the various sites for ROS and
RNSproductionincludechloroplasts,mitochondria,peroxisomes,theendoplasmic
reticulum(ER),andplasmamembranes.TheextentofROSandRNSformationand
their level depend on their production and scavenging systems. The enzymes that
generateROS and the main RNSspeciesnitric oxide (NO) have various localiza-
tions and can be found in different cell compartments. The spatial and temporal
location of ROS and RNS production is important in signalling. For instance, the
mitochondrialROSplayroleinretrogradesignallingandcommunicationbetween
mitochondriaandnucleus,whilethemitochondrialNOmayregulateATPproduc-
tion.Theplasmamembrane-derivedROSparticipateinsignallingduringbioticand
abioticstresses,whereastheplasmamembrane-originatedNOplaysroleinnitrate
sensing. In this chapter we briefly discuss metabolic and signalling roles of ROS
andNOinrelationtotheircompartmentalization.
K.J.Gupta(*)
DepartmentofPlantSciences,UniversityofOxford,SouthParksRoad,OxfordOX13RB,UK
e-mail:[email protected]
A.U.Igamberdiev
DepartmentofBiology,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,St.John’s,NL,
CanadaA1B3X9
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 1
K.J.Gupta,A.U.Igamberdiev(eds.),ReactiveOxygenandNitrogenSpecies
SignalingandCommunicationinPlants,SignalingandCommunicationinPlants23,
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-10079-1_1
