Reactions of Antibodies with Soluble Antigens

526 Pages·1971·29.13 MB·English

by  Curtis A. Williams

Advisory Board:
ELMER L. BECKER
WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH
DAN H. CAMPBELL
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FRANK J. DIXON
SCRIPPS CLINIC AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION
HERMAN EISEN
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
PIERRE GRABAR
INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH,
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, PARIS
JOHN H. HUMPHREY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH,
MILL HILL
ELVIN A. RABAT
COLUMBIA-PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL CENTER
HENRY G. KUNKEL
THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
MACLYN MCCARTY
THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
JACQUES OUDIN
THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE
DAVID PRESSMAN
ROSWELL PARK MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
Methods in
IMMUNOLOGY
and IMMUNOCHEMISTRY
Edited by
CURTIS A. WILLIAMS
THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
MERRILL W. CHASE
THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
Volume III
Reactions of Antibodies with Soluble Antigens
1971
Θ
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London
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Contributors to Volume III
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
FREDERICK ALADJEM (108), Department of Microbiology,
University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
California
A. C. ALLISON (188),* Clinical Research Centre Laboratories, National
Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, England
ELMER L. BECKER (174, 229), Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
JOHN J. CEBRA (58, 427), Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland
MERRILL W. CHASE (321), The Rockefeller University, New York,
New York
H. G. MICHIN CLARKE (287), t Medical Research Council, National
Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, England
ALFRED J. CROWLE (357), Division of Immunology, Webb-Waring
Institute for Medical Research, Denver, Colorado
RICHARD A. DAMMKOEHLER (407), Washington University Com-
puting Facilities, St. Louis, Missouri
WALTER B. DANDLIKER (435), Department of Biochemistry,
Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California
D. A. DARCY (200), Î The Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute
of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, England
* Present address: Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex.
t Present address: Serum Protein Section, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow,
Middlesex.
X Present address: The Chester Beatty Research Institute, Belmont, Sutton,
Surrey.
XI
XU CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME III
G. C. EAST Y (339), The Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of
Cancer Research, London, England
HERMAN N. EISEN (395), Department of Microbiology, Washington
University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
RICHARD S. FARR (66), Department of Clinical Biology, Scripps
Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California and National
Jewish Hospital and Research Center, Denver, Colorado
I. FINGER (138), Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haver-
ford, Pennsylvania
A. FROESE (412), Department of Chemistry, McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
TOM L. GALLAGHER (407), Washington University Computing
Facilities, St. Louis, Missouri
JOSEPH F. HEREMANS (213), Hôpital Saint-Pierre, Louvain
(Leuven), Belgium
STELLAN HJERTÉN (364), Institute of Biochemistry, University of
Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
G. M. HOCHWALD (343), Department of Neurology, New York
University School of Medicine, New York, New York
FRED KARUSH (383), Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
SALLY S. KARUSH (383), Department of Microbiology, School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
J. KOHN (168, 273), Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton, London,
England
CHARLES A. LEONE (86), The Graduate School, Bowling Green State
University, Bowling Green, Ohio
I. W. LI (94), The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
JAMES E. McGUIGAN (395), Department of Microbiology, Washing-
ton University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
PAUL H. MAURER (1), Department of Biochemistry, Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME III Xlll
FELIX MILGROM (370), Department of Microbiology, State Univer-
sity of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York
JOHN J. MUNOZ (146), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana
ABRAHAM G. OSLER (73), Department of Medical Immunology,
Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York, New
York, New York
JACQUES OUDIN (103, 118, 160), Department of Analytical Immuno-
chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
ALFRED POLSON (180, 186), Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research and University of Cape Town Virus Research Unit,
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
M.D. POULIK (279), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State Univer-
sity, College of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
JOHN R. PREER, JR. (225), Department of Zoology, Indiana Univer-
sity, Bloomington, Indiana
B. RUSSELL (186), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and
University of Cape Town Virus Research Unit, University of Cape
Town, Cape Town, South Africa
A. H. SEHON (375, 412), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immu-
nology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
HARRY SMITH (367), Department of Microbiology, The University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, England
G. J. THORBECKE (343), Department of Pathology, New York Univer-
sity School of Medicine, New York, New York
JOSE URIEL (294), Laboratoire de Chimie des Protéines, Institut de
Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Ville juif, France
CURTIS A. WILLIAMS (94, 103, 209, 234, 237, 321, 343), The Rocke-
feller University, New York, New York
YASUO YAGI (463), Department of Biochemistry Research, Roswell
Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
Preface
The rapid growth of research in immunochemistry and immunology
warrants the initiation of an open-end treatise dealing with methodology.
The increasing number of applications of immunological methodology
to problems in other areas of biology dictates an organization, content,
and style which will be helpful to the nonspecialist and specialist alike.
Our aim, therefore, has been to open our colleagues' notebooks to bring
together detailed procedures that are hard to retrieve from original litera-
ture. But the presentation and discussion of reliable methods are intended
to provide confidence and guidance, not rigidity. The solution of research
problems often demands inventive modifications and sometimes the devel-
opment of new and specialized approaches. Accordingly, contributors
were asked to include not only the details of procedures they had found
most satisfactory in their own laboratory, but also critical remarks about
common pitfalls and interpretation of results, references to alternative
methods, and mention of applications to other problems. While not all
topics are easily suited to this format, we feel that insofar as our general
objectives are achieved, these volumes represent high potential energy.
Other publications have appeared with similar titles. Some are intended
primarily for teaching purposes, others have appeared as reports of
symposia. Many are excellent aids to workers in laboratories. None
we have seen to date, however, encompasses the scope of the present vol-
umes. Volume I is concerned with typical preparative methods employed
in handling antigens, antibodies, and laboratory animals. Volume II
presents general chemical and physicochemical methods of great useful-
ness for immunological reasearch. Volume III deals with antigen-antibody
and hapten-antibody reactions in vitro, in free solution, and in gels.
Volume IV covers agglutination reactions, complement-fixation and
complement components, and neutralization reactions (toxins, enzymes,
bacteria, animal viruses, bacteriophage). Volume V includes methods and
interpretation of approaches to study the immune response. Unavoidably,
some important general topics as well as many specific methods had to
be postponed for subsequent volumes, which will treat hypersensitivity,
transplantation, immunogenetics, immunity to parasites, and histo-
XV
xvi PREFACE
chemistry, in addition to updating material already presented and intro-
ducing new fields of interest.
It would clearly be impossible to compile high quality material of
this scope without the enthusiastic support and creative advice of the
advisory editors. Their contributed sections, their help in suggesting
topics and authors, and in some cases their assistance with the editing
are not only greatly appreciated by us but, we are certain, also will be
appreciated by the users of these volumes.
CURTIS A. WILLIAMS
MERRILL W. CHASE
New York, New York
September, 1970
Contents of Other Volumes
VOLUME I
1. ANTIGENS
Proteins
H. F. Deutsch
Bacterial Antigens
M. J. How, H. Koffler, R. M. Krause, K. C. Milner, S. I. Morse, E. Ribi, A. M.
Staub, L. W. Wannamaker
Blood Group Antigens
J. Koscielak, W. T. J. Morgan
Viruses
M. A. Jesaitis, E. H. Lennette, R. MacLeod, N. J. Schmidt, N. D. Zinder
Conjugated and Synthetic Antigens
S. M. Beiser, F. Borek, F. Edel, H. N. Eisen, B. F. Erlanger, S. Fuchs, S. Lieber-
man, V. Likhite, J. R. Little, R. Marks, A. Nisonoff, C. W. Parker, O. J. Plescia,
A. Sehon, M. Sela, S. W. Tanenbaum
Preparation and Testing of Lipids for Immunological Study
L. Graf, M. M. Rapport
2. PRODUCTION OF ANTISERUM
A. A. Benedict, M. W. Chase, E. A. Kabat
3. PURIFICATION OF ANTIBODY
Preparation of Immunoglobulin
J. R. Cann, H. F. Deutsch, J. L. Fahey, H. H. Fudenberg
Preparation of Specific Antibody
D. H. Campbell, H. N. Eisen, W. Gray, E. A. Kabat, N. R. Klinman, S. Kochwa,
J. R. Little, R. E. Rosenfield, E. S. Simms, S. J. Singer, B. T. Tozer, N. Weliky
xvii
xviii CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES
4. LABELING OF ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
H. N. Claman, J. S. Garvey, K. C. Hsu, D. Pressman, J. Radovich, 0. A. Roholt,
D. W. Talmage, C. A. Williams
5. METHODS USED IN STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
G. M. Edelman and J. J. Marchalonis
VOLUME II
6. ELECTROPHORESIS
J. R. Cann, B. J. Davis, J. Kohn, H. J. Müller-Eberhard, L. Ornstein, C. K.
Osterland, J. Porath, M. D. Poulik, S. Raymond, J. Uriel, C. A. Williams
7. ULTRACENTRIFUGATION (Preparative and Analytical)
K. M. Cowan, R. Trautman
8. DIALYSIS AND ULTRAFILTRATION
L. C. Craig
9. PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY
S. Hjertén, T. P. King
10. OPTICAL ANALYSIS
H. Donahue, C. A. Leone, J. R. Little
11. RADIOISOTOPE ANALYSIS
J. S. Garvey, R. E. Ritts, Jr.
12. CHEMICAL ANALYSES
M. W. Chase, L. Gidez, L. Levine, B. Mach, W. T. Murakami, C. A. Williams
APPENDIX I. Special Properties of Proteins and Small Molecules of
Immunological Interest
H. Donahue, J. R. Little
APPENDIX II. Buffers
M. W. Chase
APPENDIX III. Power Block Electrophoresis
C. K. Osterland