re-evaluation and re-design stand-alone pv solar lighting projects in gaza strip, palestine

85 Pages·2010·4.05 MB·English

by  Shadi Albarqouni

The Islamic University of Gaza
Deanery of Graduate Studies
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

RE-EVALUATION AND RE-DESIGN STAND-ALONE
PV SOLAR LIGHTING PROJECTS IN GAZA STRIP,
PALESTINE

By
Shadi N. AlBarqouni

Supervisor
Dr. Mohammed T. Hussein

“A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering”

The Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine

م 2010 – ــه1431
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Recently, with the critical situation of siege on Gaza Strip, the need of an alternative energy
source instead of traditional energy sources becomes an urgent need, especially Palestine is
considered one of the sunny countries and percepts good solar radiation over the year. In
this research; the re-evaluation and re-design of a reliable control system process were
analyzed step by step, beginning with modeling the global solar radiation passing through
orientation and tilting, ending to PV and Battery sizing.

This thesis evaluates the previous lighting project implemented in Gaza Strip, and focuses
on the critical drawbacks which are not considered in the existence design. The research
results were tested by the utilization and implementation of an experimental solar model for
lighting an apartment to validate the proposed solar control system taking into account the
IEEE Recommendations.

Recommendations for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Designers and consultants
are mentioned here to be considered for next solar projects and related studies.

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ثحبلا صخلم
ةجاحلا تريظ ماوعأ ةعبرلأا براقي ام ذنم ةزغ عاطق ىمع ضورفملا راصحلاو جرحلا عضولا عم
ررا متسا عم ًاصوصخو ًاحمم رملأا اذى حبصأو ،ةيديمقتلا ةقا طلا نم ًلادب ةقاطمل ليدب ردصم ىلإ
.ةزغ عاطق نع تاقورحملا كلذكو ةيئابريكلا ةقاطلا عاطقنا
يتلا ةرانلإا عيراشمل ةيسدنى مكحت ةمظنأ ميمصتو مييقت ةداعإ ىلإ ةيثحبلا ةسرا دلا هذى فديت ثيح
نيطسم ي يسمشلا عاعشلإا ةجذمن نم ً اددب ايميمحتو ةريخلأا ةنواا ي ةزغ عاطق ي ايقيبطت مت
مت ثيح ،ةيسمشلا ايلاخلاو تايراطبلا ميمصتب دايتناو ةيسمشلا ةيمخمل ةلاملإاو ويجوتلا ةيمىأب رًاورم
ً
.اييمع بمغتلا ةيفيكو ةقباسلا ميماصتمل ةمساحلا تايبمسلا ىمع زيكرتلا
ايلاخلا للاخ نم ةقش ةداضلإ )يسدنى مكحت جذومنك( ةيممع ةبرجت ثحابلا دعأ ضرغلا اذيل
دابريكلا يسدنيم ةيعمج لبق نم ةحرتقملا تايصوتلاو ريياعملا رابتعلاا نيعب ذخأ عم ةيسمشلا
IEEE
.) ( ةيملاعلا تاينورتكللااو
ةيممع سسأ ىمع ةيجينم تاسرا دو جئاتن عضوب ةسرا دلا هذى للاخ نم ثحابلا صمخ ثيح
.ةيمبقتسم عيراشم ميمصت دنع اينم ةدافتسلال
اذى ي وتايصوت نم ةدافتسلااب عيراشملا هذى ررا غ ىمع نومئاقلاو نويراشتسلاا ثحابلا يصويو
ةيسمشلا ةقاطلا ي مكحت ةمظنأ عيراشمل ميمصتلا لاح ي رابتعلاا نيع ي ايب ذخلأل لاجملا
.لابقتسم
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To my parents, my darling who have been
a constant source of motivation, inspiration and support.

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I would like express my thanks to many people who have contributed to the success of this
research, in particular my thesis supervisor Dr. Mohammed T. Hussein, for his support,
encouragement, and continuous follow-up of this research.

I would like also to extend my gratitude and appreciation to thesis committee, both Prof.
Dr. Mohammed Abdelati and Dr. Anwar Abu Zarifa for their suggestions and
recommendations that helped with the development of this research, greeting to Dr. Mahir
Sabra for his support.

Special thanks to the Engineers and Consultants in Authority of Energy, who helped me in
this research, also special thanks to El-Wafa Charitable Society in Gaza City for their
partial financial support to this project.

Special greetings to my family, especially my parents, who have always kept me in their
prayers, who have suffered a lot to make me happy.

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1
1
1.1.1 Biomass Energy 1
1.1.2 Wind Energy 3
1.1.3 Geothermal Energy 4
1.1.4 Photovoltaic Solar Energy 5
7
1.2.1 PV Modules 8
1.2.2 Controllers 8
1.2.3 Batteries 8
1.2.4 Safety and Maintenance 8
1.2.5 Cost vs. Quality 8
10
1.3.1 Modeling of Global Radiation Model 10
1.3.2 Orientation and Tilt Angles 10
1.3.3 PV system Model 11
1.3.4 PV Modules, Batteries, MPPT Controllers and Regulators 11
1.3.5 Maintenance and Monitoring 12
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2.3.1 Data 15
2.3.2 Description of the Model 16
2.3.3 MATLAB Program 18
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3.3.1 Definition of Angles 25
3.3.2 Derivation of Solar Angle cosθ (sinα ): 27
s s
3.3.3 Derivation the Optimum Tilt and Azimuth angles for the Solar Plate 29
3.3.4 Computing the Solar Angle cosθ 30
s
3.3.5 Enhancement on the Optimum Values 31
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4.2.1 Crystalline silicon PV modules 38
4.2.2 Amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV modules 40
4.2.3 Copper indium diselenide (CIS) PV modules 40
4.2.4 Cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV modules 41
4.2.5 Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) PV modules 41
42
4.3.1 Capacity 42
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4.3.2 Type 42
4.3.3 Cyclability 43
44
4.4.1 Shunt Regulator 44
4.4.2 Series Regulator 44
4.4.3 PWM Regulators 45
4.4.4 MPPT Controllers 46
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5.2.1 Orientation and Tilt angle 52
5.2.2 Calculating Load Consumption 52
5.2.3 PV Components 53
56
5.3.1 PV and Battery Sizing 56
5.3.2 Cost Estimation 57
5.3.3 Conclusion 58
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Conclusion 59
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Table 2.1: Location of stations and period of observation of global solar radiation 15
Table 2.2: Input Parameters for Angstrom's Equations 19
Table 2.3: Comparison between the observed and estimated global solar radiation for Gaza Strip 20
Table 2.4: Deviations between the estimated model and the observed global solar radiation data 21
Table 3.1: Mean values of solar angles for different tilt and azimuth angles 31
Table 3.2: Comparison between current and optimum orientation 34
Table 3.3: Comparison between various orientations 36
Table 4.1: Difference of Sizing Summery between current and recommended designs with same 50
and different selected batteries and modules
Table 5.1 : Apartment Electrical Load 53
Table 5.2: Sizing Summery for an Apartment 57
Table 5.3: Sizing Summery for proposed model 57
Table 5.4: Comparison for cost estimation between available source energy for home user 58

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