Re-Assessing the Global Turn in Medieval Art History

259 Pages·2018·64.114 MB·English

by  Christina Normore, Carol Symes

i
RE-ASSESSING THE
GLOBAL TURN IN
MEDIEVAL ART HISTORY
ii
THE MEDIEVAL GLOBE
The Medieval Globe provides an interdisciplinary forum for scholars of all world
areas by focusing on convergence, movement, and interdependence. Con tri-
butions to a global understanding of the medieval period (broadly de(cid:976)ined) need
not encompass the globe in any territorial sense. Rather, TMG advances a new
theory and praxis of medieval studies by bringing into view phenomena that have
been rendered practically or conceptually invisible by anachronistic boundaries,
categories, and expectations. TMG also broadens discussion of the ways that
medieval processes inform the global present and shape visions of the future.
Executive Editor
Carol Symes, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
Editorial Board
James Barrett, University of Cambridge
Kathleen Davis, University of Rhode Island
Felipe Fern á ndez- Armesto, University of Notre Dame
Elizabeth Lambourn, De Montfort University
Yuen-Gen Liang, National Taiwan University
Victor Lieberman, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
C arla Nappi, University of British Columbia
Elizabeth Oyler, University of Pittsburgh
Christian Raffensperger, Wittenberg University
Rein Raud, Tallinn University & Freie Universität Berlin
D. Fairchild Ruggles, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
Alicia Walker, Bryn Mawr College
Volume 3
iii
RE-ASSESSING THE
GLOBAL TURN IN
MEDIEVAL ART HISTORY
Edited by
CHRISTINA NORMORE
iv
Editorial Assistant
K elli McQueen
Page design and typesetting
O OH

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ISBN 9781641892261
eISBN 9781641892278
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CONTENTS
List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
E ditor’s Introduction: A World within Worlds?
Reassessing the Global Turn in Medieval Art History
C HRISTINA NORMORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
A Camel’s Pace: A Cautionary Global
B ONNIE CHENG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Fatimid Holy City: Rebuilding Jerusalem in the Eleventh Century
J ENNIFER PRUITT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
W orldliness in Byzantium and Beyond:
Reassessing the Visual Networks of Barlaam and Ioasaph
CECILY J. HILSDALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
E xchange of Sacri(cid:976)ices: West Africa in the Medieval World of Goods
S ARAH M. GUÉ R IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
The Beryozovo Cup: A Byzantine Object
at the Crossroads of Twelfth- Century Eurasia
A LICIA WALKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Mobile Meanings: A Global Approach to a Dagger from Greater Syria
H EATHER BADAMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Global Medieval at the “End of the Silk Road,” circa 756 CE:
The Sh ō s ō - in Collection in Japan
J UN HU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
R esponse: Medievalists and Early Modernists—A World Divided?
JESSICA KEATING AND LIA MARKEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
Figure 2.1. Green- glazed female musician, one of over 350 (cid:976)igurines
found in the tomb of Sima Jinlong (d. 484) at Datong,
Shanxi (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 2.2. Carved stone chamber found in the tomb of Song Shaozu
(d. 477) at Datong, Shanxi (China) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
F igure 2.3a. S ilk fragment with pearl hexagon and honeysuckle designs,
unearthed in Dunhuang, Gansu (China) and dated to 487 CE . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 2.3b. Gilt bronze saddle plate dated to the fourth century CE and
found at Chaoyang, Liaoning (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 4.1. Fourth Apologue (Man and Unicorn) from Barlaam and
Ioasaph: Ioannina, Zosimaia Schole MS 1, fol. 54r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 4
Figure 4.2. Fourth Apologue (Man and Unicorn) from Barlaam and
Ioasaph: Jerusalem, Orthodox Patriarchate, Stavrou MS 42, 75r. . . . . . . . . . 65
Figure 4.3. Fourth Apologue (Man and Unicorn) from Barlaam and
Ioasaph: Cambridge, King’s College MS Gr 45 (olim 338), fol. 41v. . . . . . . . . 66
Figure 4.4. Man Fleeing the Unicorn, from Barlaam and Ioasaph : Paris,
Biblioth è que nationale de France, MS gr. 1128, fol. 68r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Figure 4.5. Virgin and Unicorn from the Smyrna Physiologos : Smyrna,
Evangelical School B8, fol. 74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 8
Figure 4.6. Saint John Chrysostom interprets the Unicorn (Psalm 91:11),
from the Theodore Psalter: London, British Library, MS Add.
19352, fol. 124v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 9
Figure 4.7. “Man in the Well”: relief from Site 9, N ā g ā rjunikonda Museum. . . . . . . 70
Figure 4.8. Scene from Barlaam and Ioasaph : Balamand, MS 147, fol. 129r. . . . . . 7 3
Figure 4.9. Scene from the Kalila wa Dimna: Paris, Biblioth è que
nationale de France, MS ar. 3465, fol. 43v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Figure 4.10. Scene from the Kalila wa Dimna: Istanbul, Topkapi Saray
Library, MS H. 363, fol. 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
viii
viii (cid:273)(cid:270)(cid:280)(cid:281) (cid:276)(cid:267) (cid:270)(cid:273)(cid:273)(cid:282)(cid:280)(cid:281)(cid:279)(cid:262)(cid:281)(cid:270)(cid:276)(cid:275)(cid:280)
Figure 4.11. Scene from Barlaam and Josaphat in the Psalter and Book
of Hours of Yolande de Soissons: New York, The Pierpont
Morgan Library, MS M.729, fol. 354v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Figure 4.12. Verse allegory of a man pursued by a unicorn from Barlaam
and Josaphat incipit: London, British Library, MS Additional
37049, fol. 19v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Figure 4.13. Scene from Barlaam and Josaphat: relief in the tympanum
of the cathedral at Parma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 4.14. St. Ioasaph with the Virgin and Child: from Studenica,
Church of the Virgin, southwest pilaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Figure 4.15. St. Ioasaph (detail): from Studenica, Church of the Virgin,
southwest pilaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
F igure 4.16. S t. Barlaam (detail): from Studenica, Church of the Virgin,
southwest pilaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 4.17. John VI Kantakouzenos as emperor and monk, from the
Theological Works : Paris, Biblioth è que nationale de France, MS
gr. 1242, fol. 123v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
F igure 5.1a–b . D rawing of tumulus 5 at Durbi Takusheyi, Nigeria,
ca. 1300; copper- alloy (brass) anklets from the tumulus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Figure 5.2. “Roped” pot on a stand, from Igbo- Ukwu, Nigeria: ninth or
tenth century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Figure 7.1. A warrior-saint killing a dragon: detail of the Furusiyya
dagger (Plate 7.1a–b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Figure 7.2a– b. Wall paintings from the church of Mar Tadros, thirteenth
century, showing Saints Theodore and Sergius: Qara, Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 53
F igure 7.3a–b . I vory horn, front and back, showing animals in vine
scrolls, eleventh century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59
Figure 7.4. Manuel I Grand Komnenos: lithograph of a lost fresco from
the church of Hagia Sophia, Trebizond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Figure 7.5. Gate from the entry of the caravansaray of Badr al- Din Lu’lu’
(detail), west of Mosul (Iraq). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
ix
(cid:273)(cid:270)(cid:280)(cid:281) (cid:276)(cid:267) (cid:270)(cid:273)(cid:273)(cid:282)(cid:280)(cid:281)(cid:279)(cid:262)(cid:281)(cid:270)(cid:276)(cid:275)(cid:280) ix
Figure 7.6a– b. Entrance to the sanctuary of the Syrian Orthodox
monastery of Mar Behnam/ Deir al- Khidr, southeast of Mosul
(Iraq), with detail showing a dragon- slaying warrior- saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
F igure 8.1. “ Sketch of a glass ewer … undoubtedly an early Arabian work.” . . . . 178
Figure 8.2. Sh ō s ō - in repository building, T ō dai- ji Monastery, Nara
(Japan): (cid:976)irst constructed ca. 756 CE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 80
Figure 8.3. Detail of brocade with a hunting motif on blue ground silk,
eighth century: Sh ō s ō - in, Nara (Japan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Figure 8.4. Detail of ceiling slope, Mogao Cave 249, ca. 500 CE:
Dunhuang (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Figure 8.5. Sutra wrapper of woven silk backed with paper, originally
from Mogao Cave 17, eighth century: Dunhuang (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Figure 8.6a– b. Two sides of a (cid:976)ive- string biwa made of chestnut wood
with mother-o f-p earl inlay, eighth century: Shō s ō - i n, Nara (Japan). . . . . 185
F igure 8.7. B ronze mirror with mother-o f-p earl inlay, lacquer, and
turquoise: from the tomb of Princess Li Chui (d. 736) near Xi’an,
Shaanxi Province (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
F igure 8.8. G lass bowl with wheel-c ut facets, sixth century: Sh ō s ō - in,
Nara (Japan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
F igure 8.9. G lass bowl with wheel-c ut facets, sixth or seventh century. . . . . . . . . 189
Figure 8.10. Last section of the inventory of the initial donation showing
K ō my ō ’s prayer: ink on paper, dated the 21st day of the 6th
month, 756. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Figure 9.1. Woodcut from an edition of Christopher Columbus’s Epistola
de insulis nuper inventis: Basel, 1493. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Maps
M ap 2.1. M ap of China showing division into Northern and Southern
Dynasties, with the (Southern) Six Dynasties capital at Jiankang
(Nanjing), ca. 500 CE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Map 5.1. Trade routes and climatic zones in West Africa, ca. 1300. . . . . . . . . . . . . 101