Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals: Main types of rocks. Rock-forming minerals

587 Pages·2010·3.65 MB·English

by  Felix P. Lesnov

Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and
Mafic Rocks and their Minerals
Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic
and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals
Main types of rocks. Rock-forming
minerals
F.P. Lesnov
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk, Russia
Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch Sobolev Institute of
Geology and Mineralogy
Scientific editors:
Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences
G.V. Polyakov & Professor G.N. Anoshin
Originally published in Russian under the title: “Redkozemel(cid:1)nye (cid:2)lementy v
ul(cid:1)tramafitovyh i mafitovyh porodah i ih mineralah.’’
© 2007Academic Publishing House‘‘Geo’’,Novosibrisk
All rights reserved
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© 2010Taylor & Francis Group,London,UK
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lesnov,F. P. (Feliks Petrovich)
[Redkozemel’nye elementy v ul’tramafitovykh i mafitovykh porodakh i ikh
mineralakh. English]
Rare earth elements in ultramafic and mafic rocks and their minerals :main
types of rocks :rock-forming minerals / F.P. Lesnov.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-415-57890-5 (hard cover :alk. paper)
1. Rocks,Ultrabasic. 2. Rare earth metals. I.Title.
QE462.U4L4713 2010
552’.1–dc22
2010027607
Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema
P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands
e-mail:[email protected]
www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk–www.balkema.nl
ISBN:978-0-415-57890-5 (Hbk)
ISBN:978-0-203-83031-4 (eBook)

Dedicated to my wife,Emma,of blessed memory

Contents
IntroductiontotheEnglishEdition xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
Fromtheeditors xv
Introduction xviii
1 Rareearthelementsinultramaficrocksfrommafic–ultramafic
massifsoffoldedregions 1
1.1 Dunites 2
1.2 Harzburgites 12
1.3 Lherzolites 31
1.4 Wehrlites 50
1.5 Clinopyroxenites 56
1.6 Websterites 60
1.7 Summary 66
2 Rareearthelementsinultramafitesfromdeepxenoliths
inalkalibasalts 69
3 Rareearthelementsinhypabyssalandsubvolcanicrockswithhigh
inmagnesiumcomposition 103
3.1 Kimberlites 103
3.1.1 Abriefhistoryofresearchonthegeochemistry
ofREEinkimberlites 104
3.1.2 ComparativecharacteristicsoftheREE
compositionofkimberlitesfrommajorprovinces 107
3.1.3 CorrelationofREEandothercomponentsinkimberlites 145
3.1.4 GeneralregularitiesofREEdistributioninkimberlites 152
3.2 Komatiites 156
3.3 Meimechites 177
3.4 Picrites 179
3.5 Lamproites 190
3.6 Summary 204
viii Contents
4 Rareearthelementsinplutonicmaficrocks 207
4.1 Gabbros 208
4.2 Gabbro-norites 226
4.3 Norites 227
4.4 Olivinegabbros 234
4.5 Troctolites 246
4.6 Anorthosites 251
4.7 Eclogites 254
4.8 Summary 267
5 Rareearthelementsinrock-formingmineralsfrom
ultramaficandmaficrocks 269
5.1 Olivines 269
5.1.1 REEcompositionofolivines 270
5.1.2 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenolivines
andcoexistingphases 288
5.2 Orthopyroxenes 291
5.2.1 REEcompositionoforthopyroxenes 292
5.2.2 OntherelationshipbetweentheREEcompositionand
contentoffluidcomponentsinorthopyroxenes 313
5.2.3 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetween
orthopyroxenesandcoexistingphases 316
5.2.4 IsomorphismofREEinorthopyroxenes 320
5.3 Clinopyroxenes 321
5.3.1 REEcompositionofclinopyroxenes 322
5.3.2 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenclinopyroxenes
andcoexistingphases 400
5.3.3 IsomorphismofREEinclinopyroxenes 419
5.4 Plagioclases 427
5.4.1 REEcompositionofplagioclases 428
5.4.2 Experienceofsystematizationofplagioclasesonthe
basisofsomeparametersofREEdistribution 449
5.4.3 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenplagioclases
andcoexistingphases 465
5.4.4 IsomorphismofREEinplagioclases 476
5.4.5 Examplesofnumericalexperimentsonmodelingof
theREEcompositionofparentalmeltsbasedon
dataonplagioclases 478
5.5 Amphiboles 484
5.5.1 REEcompositionofamphiboles 484
5.5.2 Experienceofsystematizationofamphibolesonthe
basisofsomeparametersofREEdistribution 492
5.5.3 CoefficientsofREEdistributionbetweenamphiboles
andcoexistingphases 498
5.5.4 IsomorphismofREEinamphiboles 508
Contents ix
6 Indicatorpropertiesofrareearthelementsandtheirrolein
studiesofgenesisofrocksandmineralsfrommafic–ultramafic
complexes 513
6.1 REEasindicatorsofformationandtransformationconditions
ofultramaficrocks 513
6.2 REEasindicatorsofformationandtransformationconditions
ofmaficrocks 522
6.3 IndicatorpropertiesofREEinstudyoftheformationand
transformationofrock-formingmineralsofultramafic
andmaficrocks 527
Afterword 533
References 537
Subjectindex 561
Authorindex 573