Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology and Immunology

744 Pages·1985·26.612 MB·English

by  M. R. Hilleman (auth.), Professor Dr. K.-O. Habermehl (eds.)

Rapid Methods
and Automation
in Microbiology
and Immunology
Edited by K. -0. Habermehl
With 212 Figures and 159 Tables
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Professor Dr. K.-O. HABERMEHL
Institut fUr Klinische und Experimentelle Virologie
Freie Universitat Berlin
Hindenburgdamm 27, D-IOOO Berlin 45
Fourth International Symposium on Rapid Methods and Automation
in Microbiology and Immunology, Berlin, June 7-10, 1984
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-69945-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-69943-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-69943-6
Ubrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. International Symposium on Rapid Methods and
Automation in Microbiology and Immunology (4th: 1984: Berlin, Germany) Rapid methods and
automation in microbiology and immunology. "Fourth International Symposium on Rapid Methods and
Automation in Microbiology and Immunology, Berlin, June 7-10, 1984" - T.p. verso. Bibliography: p.
1. Diagnostic microbiology - Automation - Congresses. 2. Immunology - Automation - Congresses.
3. Hybridomas -Congresses. 4. Antibodies, Monoclonal-Congresses. I. Habermehl, K.·O. (Karl-Otto),
1927- . II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Automation -congresses. 2. Immunologic Technics -congresses. 3. Micro
biological Technics - congresses. W3 IN922RM 4th 1984r/QW 25 16104 1984r] QR67.1573 1984
616.07'56 85-10031
ISBN-13:978-3-642-69945-0 (U.S.)
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1985
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985
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2127/3130-543210
Preface
Rapid progress in molecular biology, genetic engineering, and basic research in
immunology has opened up new possibilities for application to diagnostic
procedures and to clinical research. In a short period a new era of diagnosis
dawned, covering nearly all fields of microbiology, immunology, and food
technology. In consequence of this rapid development, scientists of many
disciplines are involved studying infections of humans, animals, and plants or
working in technical microbiology.
The application of the newest findings of basic research to diagnostic work
and to clinical research covers nearly all fields of microbiology and immunology.
Moreover, it underlines the close relationship between diagnosis, therapy, and
epidemiology. An outstanding example of these connections is given by the recent
development of hepatitis B vaccine. The discovery and identification of a non
cultivable agent by physicochemical and immunological methods were the heralds
of a new era in the prevention of infectious diseases.
This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive review of developments and
future aspects in various fields. I am convinced that the authors have succeeded in
furnishing a large variety of new ideas and possibilities.
K.-O. HABERMEHL
Contents
Time Realities in the Evaluation of Vaccines for Safety and Efficacy
The Evaluation of Vaccines
M. R. HILLEMAN . . . . .
Evaluation of Hepatitis B Vaccine
S. KRUGMAN. With 3 Figures. . . 6
Concepts in the Development of Vaccines Against Genital Herpes Simplex
Virus Infections
L. COREY and G. MERTZ. With 5 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Development of a Live Attenuated Vaccine Against Varicella
A GERSHON. With 1 Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Hybridization Technology in Diagnostics
The Use of DNA Hybridization for the Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria
S. F ALKOW. With 1 Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Microbial Diagnosis by Nucleic Acid Sandwich Hybridization
M. RANKI, M. LAAKSONEN, A PALVA, A-C. SYVANEN, M. VIRTANEN, and
H. SODERLUND. With 1 Figure and 6 Tables . . . . . . . . . .. 34
Diagnosis of Papillomavirus Infection by Nucleic Acid Hybridization
L. GISSMANN and A. SCHNEIDER. With 2 Figures and I Table . . . . . . 43
Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA by Nucleic Acid Hybridization
G. W. BORNKAMM, S. WIEST, and C. DESGRANGES. With 2 Figures and
1 Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Diagnosis of Viroid-Caused Plant Diseases by Nucleic Acid Hybridization
T. O. DIENER and R. A OWENS. With 4 Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . 57
DNA Technology Applied to the Detection and Epidemiology of Enteric
Pathogens
L. S. TOMPKINS, P. A MICKELSEN, and N. TROUP . . . . . . . . . . . 68
VIII Contents
New Developments in Nucleic Acid Hybridization
H. WOLF, M. HAus, U. LESER, S. MODROW, M. MOTZ, S.-y. Gu, N. FALSER,
I. BANDLOW, W. RICHTER, and R. PATHMANATHAN. . . . . . . . . . . 73
Application of Monoclonal Antibodies. Hybridoma Technology
Variability of Antigen Epitopes of Monotypic Viruses
E. NORRBY. With 2 Figures and 1 Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Immunoblotting with Monoclonal Antibodies: A Highly Specific System
for Detection and Identification of Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
M. JiiRs, H. PETERS, K. N. TIMMIS, and D. BITTER-SUERMANN. With 4 Figures
and 2 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Immunoblotting and Dot Immunobinding
J. GoRDON, CH. RORDORF, M. ROSENTHAL, and Y. Z. SUN. With 3 Figures
and 3 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter and Monoclonal Antibodies:
Complementary Tools in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy
T. J. KIPPS and L. A. HERZENBERG. WITH 2 TABLES ..... . 115
A Microfilter Assay for the Detection of Antibody-Producing Cells In Vitro
S. A. MOLLER and C. A. K. BORREBAECK. With 2 Figures and 2 Tables 123
A Biotin Avidin Amplified ELISA Using Exclusively Monoclonal
Antibodies for the Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Viral Antigens
in Nasopharyngeal Secretions
G. OBERT and CH. BEYER. With 2 Tables. . . . . . . . . . .. .. 129
Identification and Serotyping of Vibrio cholerae 0: 1 by Monoclonal
Antibody Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
B. GUSTAFSSON and T. HOLME. With 4 Figures and 1 Table ....... l35
Rapid Diagnosis by IgM-Detection
The Role of Specific Antibodies in Different Immunoglobulin Classes
in Rapid Diagnosis of Virus Infections
U. KRECH. With 1 Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 141
Problems of Rubella Diagnosis by Various IgM Techniques and the Need
for Test Combinations
G. ENDERS. With 6 Figures and 8 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Contents IX
The Role of Specific Antibodies of Different Immunoglobulin Classes
in the Rapid Diagnosis of Systemic Mycotic Infections
L. KAUFMAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
The Role of Specific Antibodies in Different Immunoglobulin Classes
in the Rapid Diagnosis of Diseases Caused by Treponemes
F. MULLER. With 2 Tables ..................... 169
Physical Detection of Microorganisms
NMR in the Study of Cells and Tissues
H. ROTERJANS and H. P. JURETSCHKE. With 3 Figures and 1 Table .... 177
Rapid Microbial Identification by Circular Intensity Differential Scattering
C. T. GREGG, D. M. MCGREGOR, W. K. GRACE, and G. C. SALZMAN
With 9 Figures and I Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 184
An Instrument for Virus Identification by Polarized Light Scattering:
A Preliminary Report
G. C. SALZMAN, W. K. GRACE, D. M. MCGREGOR, and C. T. GREGG
With 5 Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 194
A New Method for the Rapid Identification and Differentiation
of Pathogenic Microorganisms Using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy
P. GIESBRECHT, D. NAUMANN, H. LABISCHINSKI, and G. BARNICKEL
With 6 Figures and 5 Tables. . ..... '. . . . . . . . .. . 198
The Use of Microcalorimetry and Impedance in Clinical Microbiology
J. A. MORELLO",With 1 Table .................... 207
The Photometric Analysis of Microbial Growth for the Identification and
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Pathogens
S. C. EDBERG and S. A. BERGER. With 2 Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . 215
The Application ofImpediometry to Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
and Early Detection of Bacterial Growth
M. BAKHTIAR, S. SELWYN, and A. UR. With 7 Figures . . . . . . . . . 222
Chromatographic Analysis of Microbial Components
Chromatographic Analysis for Identification of Microorganisms and
Diagnosis of Infection: An Introduction
C. W. Moss ........................... 231
X Contents
Chromatographic Analysis of Bacterial Cellular Components
C. W. Moss. With 3 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Analysis of Bacterial Metabolites and Components by Computerized
GCfMS System - From Shorter Chain Acids to Very Long-Chain
Compounds up to Cgo
I. Y ANO. With 6 Figures and 2 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Clinical Samples for Rapid Diagnosis
of Infection
L. LARSSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Pyrolysis Gas-Liquid Chromatography for Identification
of Microorganisms
N. J. STERN. With 1 Figure ............. . . .. 255
Taxonomic Calculations Based on Fatty Acid Spectra of Bacteria.
Requirements for Chromatographic Analysis of Fatty Acids
L. V. ANDREEV. With 3 Figures and 1 Table . . . . . . . . . . 265
Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Characteristic
Mycobacterial Lipids
D. E. MINNIKIN, G. DOBSON, and J. H. PARLETT. With 2 Figures
and 4 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
lsoladon of Microorganisms
Progress in Methods for More Rapid Isolation of Agents Responsible
for Bacteremia
J. M. MAtsEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Mechanical Plate Spreading - From Concept to Realisation
N. B. COUPE and P. J. L. SEQUEIRA. With 3 Figures . . . . . .. 291
COBAS Bact: The Centrifugal Approach to Clinical Bacteriology
A. BALOWS. With 12 Figures and 1 Table . . . . . . . . :. ... 297
Short-Term Methods for Isolation and Enumeration of Bacteria
in the Respiratory Tract
A. TURANO and F. PIRALI. With I Table . . . . . . . . . .. .. 305
Some New Media for Isolation and Rapid Identification of Bacteria
G. SATTA, G. GRAZI, O. SORO, R. POMPEI, and P. E. VA RALDO
With 9 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Contents XI
Antigen Detection and Identification
Current Trends and Practical Application in Rapid Viral Diagnosis
M. GRANDffiN. With 2 Figures and 3 Tables . . . . . . . . .. .. 317
Respiratory Viral Antigen Detection by Solid-Phase Immunoassays:
Comparison with Other Diagnostic Tests and Application for Routine
Diagnosis
H. SARKKINEN. With 1 Figures and 7 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Coagglutination Procedures and Affinity Chromatography in Antigen and
Antibody Detection
M. C. GOLDSCHMIDT. With 6 Figures and 5 Tables .......... 338
Instrumental Methods for Antigen Detection
R. C. TILTON, O. STEINGRIMSSON, and R. W. RYAN
With 4 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 352
Detection of Group A Streptococcal Antigen by Coagglutination and
Latex Agglutination
M. A. GERBER. With 2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 357
Growth-Independent Rapid Automated Enzyme Identification System
S. BASCOMB. With 2 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 367
An Automatic Micromethod for the Identification of Gram-Negative
Bacilli by Carbon Substrate Assimilation Tests
J. FRENEY, P. LABAN, M. DESMONCEAUX, H. ALEXANDRE, B. POGGI,
J. P. GAYRAL, and J. FLEURETTE. With 6 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Rapid Typing of Pili of Pathogenic Escherichia coli by Dispersive
Immunoelectron" Microscopy
H. GELDERBLOM, L. BEUTIN, D. HADnYIANNIs, and H. REupKE
With 6 Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Fluoroimmunoassays, Time-Resolved Fluorometry, and Bioluminescence
Enzyme Immunoassays Using Fluorescent Substrates
R. H. YOLKEN. With 2 Figures and 2 Tables .... . ....... 401
Identification of Bacteria by Flow Immunofluorescence
A. P. PmLLIPS and K. L. MARTIN. With 3 Figures and 1 Table . . . . . 408
The Principle of Time-Resolved Fluorometry
E. SOINI. With 4 Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
XII Contents
Microbiologic Applications of Fluoroimmunoassay
J. W. CHID LOW and D. S. SMITH ........ . . .. 422
Detection of Viral Antigens by Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay
P.HALONEN,C.BoNFANTI, T.LoVGREN,I.Hrn~LA,E.Sonu
With I Figure and 7 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 429
Monitoring Miccrobial Growth by Bioluminescent ATP Assay
M.-R. SIRo. With 4 Figures and 2 Tables .............. 438
Bioluminescent Assay of Bacterial ATP as a Tool in Clinical Microbiology
L. NILSSON. With 4 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Bacteriuria Detection in an Outpatient Setting: Comparison of Several
Methods Including an Improved Asssay of Bacterial A TP
A. LUNDIN, H. HALLANDER, A. KALLNER, U. KARNELL LUNDIN, and
E. OSTERBERG. With 2 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 455
Analytical Use of Luminous Bacteria in Veterinary and Medical
Microbiology
S. ULITZUR, A. NAVEH, and M. BARAK. With 6 Figures ........ 461
Susceptibility Tests for Antimicrobial Agents and Assays in Fluids and Tissues
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Using Fluorogenic Enzyme Substrates
J. L. STANECK, S. D. ALLEN, and R. C. TILTON. With 3 Tables. . . . . . 467
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests: Automation and Mechanization
C. THORNSBERRY ......................... 475
Techniques for In Vitro Tests on New Antibiotics
S. W. B. NEWSOM. With 3 Tables . . . . . . . . ........ 484
MIC Reading with the Biology Laboratory Computer
M. KREsKEN and B. WmDEMANN. With 4 Figures and 3 Tables . . . . . 490
The Alteration of Microbial Growth Curves by Antibiotics
D. GREENWOOD. With 5 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Clinical Needs for Determination of Antimicrobial Agents in Fluids and
Tissues
S. R. NORRBY and C. E. NORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Methods for Detection of Antimicrobial-Induced Changes in the Normal
Human Oropharyngeal and Colon Microflora
C. E. NORD and A. HEIMDAHL. With 3 Tables ............. 510