Table Of Content2009
Rapid Excavation
and Tunneling
Conference
PROCEEDINGS
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
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Copyright © 2009 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.
Electronic edition published 2009.
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ISBN: 978-0-87335-327-4
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
PReFACe
The 2009 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference returns to Las Vegas,
Nevada, and begins with the always interesting topic of Risk, followed by 20 technical
sessions totaling 107 papers over four days. These sessions in this 19th RETC cover
every aspect of underground construction, design, and planning as presenters share
their trials, tribulations, and triumphs. The authors of these papers come from a wide
spectrum of the industry and bring both innovative ideas and unique perspectives to
the presentations.
RETC has become a truly international conference as our world and industry
becomes smaller due in part to increased sharing of knowledge. We have 40 interna-
tional papers being presented, and our conference committee maintains an interna-
tional subcommittee representing approximately 16 countries.
RETC is a firm believer of student participation and the promotion of pursuing
careers in underground construction. To that extent, we sponsor student attendance
at RETC and are looking to expand the scholarship program for students in related
studies. These proceedings are a valuable source of knowledge for all who attend, but
we should endeavor to pass these proceedings and “lessons learned” on to the next
generation of tunnelers. It is up to all of us to mentor our engineers, superintendents,
designers, supervisors, and craftspeople. They are our future and we owe it to them
because we all have someone who inspired us to become part of this exciting industry.
The program chairs wish to thank the session chairs, co-chairs, authors, and other
members of the RETC Executive Committee for their dedication to this conference.
Additionally, the chairs wish to thank the dedicated staff of SME for their hard work,
patience, and enthusiastic support. Finally, we thank all the participants for joining us in
this global conference, which will not only provide technical knowledge and networking
but “good, old-fashioned camaraderie.”
xi
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
Contents
Preface xi
executive Committee xii
session Chairs xiii
International Committee xiv
Part 1: Conventional and Rock tunneling
High Speed Excavation by Drill & Blast with Mechanized Mucking System—Mitholz
Railway Tunnels, Switzerland Stig Eriksson .....................................................................2
Lake Dorothy Hydroelectric Project Lake Tap and Tunnel, Juneau, AK
Jason Morrison, Ben Roberds, Chris Hickey .......................................................................12
Underground Construction for a Combined Sewer Overflow System in Providence,
Rhode Island John L. Kaplin, Jeffrey P. Peterson, Philip H. Albert .................................22
Modern Caverns in Gotham—Geotechnical and Design Challenges for Large Rock
Caverns in Manhattan Timothy P. Smirnoff.....................................................................35
Tunneling Under the Harlem River Jacek B. Stypulkowski, James P. Mooney Jr.,
Hugh S. Lacy .......................................................................................................................48
Part 2: Design and Planning
Bay Tunnel—Design Challenges R. John Caulfield, Isabelle Pawlik,
Johanna I. Wong .................................................................................................................60
The Selection of Excavation Methods for the Detroit Upper Rouge Tunnel CSO
Control Project Jean Habimana, Wern-Ping Chen, Robert Barbour, Pamela Turner,
Gary Stoll Jr., Mirza M. Rabbaig ..........................................................................................72
Planning and Design Features of the Waller Creek Tunnel, Austin, Texas
Gary Jackson, Stan Evans, Tom Saczynski, Peter Jewell, Prakash Donde........................86
NATM Strategies in the U.S.—Lessons Learned from the Initial Support Design for
the Caldecott 4th Bore Bhaskar B. Thapa, Thomas Marcher, Michael T. McRae,
Max John, Zuzana Skovajsova, Mahmood Momenzadeh ...................................................96
The Price Is Right—Planning Large Water Tunnel Contracts In New York
Christian Maguire, Eric Cole ..............................................................................................108
Daylighting Thorn Creek Tunnel into Chicago’s TARP Thornton Composite
Reservoir Cary Hirner, Kevin Fitzpatrick, Marcella Landis, Faruk Oksuz .....................123
Part 3: Difficult Ground
Times Square Connection: “Supporting the Cross Roads of the World”
Victor F. Paterno Jr., Robert W. Fonkalsrud ......................................................................134
iii
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
iv RetC 2009 PRoCeeDInGs
Gibe II Tunnel Project—Ethiopia: 40 Bars of Mud Acting on the TBM “Special
Designs and Measures Implemented to Face One of the Most Difficult Events in
the History of Tunneling” Antonio De Biase, Remo Grandori, Pierfrancesco Bertola,
Martino Scialpi ...................................................................................................................151
Design and Construction of the Lenihan Dam Outlet Tunnel and Shaft
Hemang Desai, Brett Mainer, Mike Murray, Shawn Spreng ..............................................171
Daniel Island Surprise—Sand Lens Lurking In Cooper Marl, Charleston, SC
Ray Brainard, Paul Smith, Larry Drolet .....................................................................185
San Vicente Pipeline Tunnel—Reach 4W, 3, and 2: Case History
Michael Jatczak, Brett Zernich, Steven Short, William Monahan ......................................195
A Review of Tunneling Difficulties in Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks
D.P. Richards, T.W. Pennington, J.A. Fischer, G. Garcia ..................................................215
Part 4: Geotechnical
Geotechnical Baseline Reports—A Review T. Freeman, S. Klein, G. Korbin,
W. Quick ............................................................................................................................232
Ground Characterization for CSO Tunnels in Washington, D.C.
Maurice A. Ponti Jr., Steven B. Fradkin, Xiaohai Wang, Moussa Wone,
Ronald E. Bizzarri, Edward J. Cording, Roger C. Ilsley, Qamar A.O. Kazmi ....................242
Actual vs. Baseline Tracking During TBM Tunneling in Highly Variable Glacial
Geology Ulf G. Gwildis, Leon E. Maday, John E. Newby .............................................250
Assessing Ground Ahead of TBM Tunnel Using Low-Interruption Wireless
Seismic Reflector Tracing System Takuji Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Yokota,
Jozef Descour, Matthew Kohlhaas ....................................................................................263
Ground Characterization and Feasibility Evaluation of Tunneling Methods for
Mather Interceptor Mohammad R. Jafari, Michael D. Middleton, Bruce J. Corwin,
Andrew Page .....................................................................................................................272
Part 5: Ground Modification
North 27th Street ISS Extension: Unique Owner/Contractor Agreement Settles
Major Disputes Donald J. Olson, Roger J. Maurer, Martin Vliegenthart .......................286
Brightwater Conveyance System: Ground Freezing for Access Shaft Excavation
Through Soft Ground Joseph M. McCann, David K. Mueller, Paul C. Schmall,
James D. Nickerson ..........................................................................................................297
New Approach of ASFINAG for Tunnel Construction Monitoring of the Tauern
Tunnel Project in Austria Robert Schnabl, Josef P. Mayr ..............................................308
Research in Soil Conditioning for EPB Tunneling Through Difficult Soils
Rory P.A. Ball, David J. Young, Jon Isaacson, Jeffrey Champa, Christopher Gause........320
An Analysis Method for Modeling Compensation of Settlements Due to Tunnel
Driving by Grouting Cement Suspensions Christian Wawrzyniak,
Wolfgang Krajewski ...........................................................................................................334
Part 6: Innovation
Uetliberg Tunnel: Soft Ground Excavation and Premiere of New Tunnelling Machine:
World’s First Tunnel Bore Extender Excavated by Undercutting S. Maurhofer,
H.P. Müller .........................................................................................................................346
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
Contents v
Extensible Conveyor Systems for Long Tunnels Without Intermediate Access
Dean Workman .................................................................................................................363
New Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM) Technology Used to Construct Microtunneling Shafts
for Mokelumne River Crossing Matthew Wallin, Mary Asperger ...................................370
An Introduction to Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) Matthias Rheinlander,
Rachel Arulraj, Alan Hobson, Chris Graham .....................................................................383
Placement of Concrete Lining for Water Tunnel No. 3, Manhattan Portion
Robert Labbe Jr., Michael Gorski ......................................................................................396
Part 7: International
The Hallandsås Dual Mode TBM Werner Burger, Francois Dudouit ............................416
Effective Planning of Underground Space—Planning and Implementation of the First
Underground Water Reservoirs in Hong Kong T.H. Chan, Derek Arnold, Edwin K.F.
Chung, Chris C.W. Chan ...................................................................................................438
Hobson and Rosedale Tunnels—New Technology In Auckland Harry Asche,
Tom Ireland, Mike Sheffield, Mike Bonnette ......................................................................450
Feasibility and Implementation of Shield Machine Tunnel Passing Through
an Operating Airport Runway Hongjie Yang, Xiuzhi Wang, Hongbo Liu .......................463
Experience Gained in Mechanical and Conventional Excavations in Long Alpine
Tunnels in Switzerland Y. Boissonnas ..........................................................................471
Part 8: Las Vegas
Design and Construction of Lake Mead Intake No. 3 Shafts and Tunnel Jon Hurt,
Jim McDonald, Gregg Sherry, A.J. McGinn, Luis Piek ......................................................488
Project Delivery Selection for Southern Nevada’s Lake Mead Intake No. 3
Michael Feroz, Erika P. Moonin, James McDonald ...........................................................503
Design and Subsurface Construction at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
John F. Beesley, Jaime A. Gonzalez .................................................................................516
Feasible Tunnel Construction Options for the Systems Conveyance and
Operations Program Reach 3 Tunnel S.H. Jason Choi, Scott Ball, Sean Tokarz,
Jim Devlin ..........................................................................................................................525
What Happens in Vegas: The Apex Tunnel Geologic Investigation
Ann L. Backstrom, Joel G. Metcalf, Stephen McKelvie .....................................................534
The Cost and Benefit of the Phase 2 Investigation for the Reach 4 Tunnel, How a
Roll of the Dice Came Up Big in Las Vegas Ray Brainard, Racheal Johnsen,
Jim Devlin, Eugene Smith, Tom Knox, Jim Werle, Alston Noronha ..................................548
Part 9: Microtunneling
Microtunneling 1.2-Mile, 72-in RCP with Crossings of NJ Turnpike and CSX
Railroads Zhenqi Cai, Alberto G. Solana, Neal O’Connor, Philip Lloyd ........................558
The Longest Drive—Portland’s CSO Microtunnels Christa Overby, Matt Roberts,
Craig Kolell ........................................................................................................................570
Microtunnels vs. EPB Risk-Based Selection Michelle L. Ramos, Kimberlie Staheli .....581
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
vi RetC 2009 PRoCeeDInGs
Microtunneling Challenges in Soft Ground of Downtown Hartford, CT
William Bergeson, Verya Nasri, James Sullivan, Alan Pelletier.........................................589
Microtunneling for Utilities Under Harold Railroad Interlocking William Reininger,
Wai-shing Lee, Richard Pociopa .......................................................................................602
Part 10: Mining
Technical Challenges in Mine Rehabilitation Don Dodds, David A. Clayton,
Terry L. Johnson ................................................................................................................616
Open Pit TBM Driven Drainage Tunnel—Ok Tedi Mine Tony Peach, Nigel Sudgen ....629
The Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory and the Construction
of Physics Megacaverns C. Laughton ..........................................................................638
Subsurface Repository Ventilation Design Edward Thomas, Jaime Gonzalez .............646
Part 11: new Projects 1
Planning New Metro Subways—Los Angeles, California Amanda Elioff,
David Perry, Girish Roy, Pierre Romo ...............................................................................660
Slurry TBM Tunnel in Rock, the Modified Detroit River Outfall No. 2
William H. Hansmire, Pamela Turner, Frederic Mir, Parvez Jafri.......................................675
Port of Miami Tunnel Update—A View from Design Builder’s Engineer
Wern-Ping Chen ................................................................................................................687
Design Considerations and Evaluation Process for a New Tunnel and Ocean
Outfall Project Steve Dubnewych, Michael Torsiello, Jon Kaneshiro, David Haug .......700
MBTA Silver Line Phase III—Completes Boston’s Newest Transit Line
Gregory Yates, Mary Ainsley, William Gallagher ...............................................................713
Part 12: new Projects 2
Design of NATM Tunnels and Stations of Silver Line Phase III Project in Boston
Verya Nasri, Kosmas Vrouvlianis, Irwan Halim .................................................................728
Geotechnical and Structural Design Challenges of the Fremont Central Park
Subway for the BART Warm Springs Extension Mitchell L. Fong,
M. Shing Owyang, Thomas S. Lee ....................................................................................742
Atlanta North-South Tunnel Samer Sadek, Hugh Caspe, Tim Heilmeier, Darryl D.
VanMeter, John D. Hancock ..............................................................................................757
Proposed Contracting Practices for the Caltrain Downtown Extension
Derek J. Penrice, Bradford F. Townsend ...........................................................................766
Part 13: new York City
Alternative Final Cavern Linings for the East Side Access Transit Project
Colin Barratt, William Cao .................................................................................................780
Continuing the Legacy: An Update on the Construction of the New Second Avenue
Subway Jaidev Sankar, Christopher K. Bennett, David Caiden, Anil Parikh,
Thomas F. Peyton..............................................................................................................790
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
Contents vii
No. 7 Subway Extension Crossing Under an Existing Subway Station:
Challenges and Integration of Underpinning into the Design of New Tunnels
Aram Grigoryan .................................................................................................................802
Railroad Interface Management for MTA East Side Access Project Tunnels and
Structures Michael A. Piepenburg, Daniel A. Louis, Robert Magnifico,
Augustine Juliano ..............................................................................................................814
Construction of the MCUA Tunnel and Force Mains Under the Raritan River,
New Jersey: A Case History Bob Rautenberg, Julian Prada, Frank Perrone,
Donato Tanzi .....................................................................................................................824
Part 14: Risk Management
Hindsight Is 20/20—Reverse Engineering Tunnel Risk Analyses Lee W. Abramson ...836
Getting the Engineer’s Estimate Right Tom Martin, Joe O’Carroll, Keith Caro,
Tom Peyton .......................................................................................................................845
Transfer of a Project Risk Register from Design into Construction: Lessons Learned
from the WSSC Bi-County Water Tunnel Project R.J.F. Goodfellow, P.J. Headland ....854
The Delivery of Underground Construction Projects in the UK: A Review of Good
Practice Andy Alder, Mike King .....................................................................................861
Using Risk Analysis to Support Decision Making on the Central Subway Project
Joe O’Carroll, Noel Berry, Arthur Wong ............................................................................871
Short Tunnels = High Risk?: Pipeline Construction Involving Open-Cut and Tunnel
Segments Michael Gilbert, Michael Schultz .................................................................881
Part 15: seM
Case History of the Wachovia–Knight Theater Pedestrian Tunnels Eric Eisold,
Prakash Donde, Ivona Tarchala ........................................................................................894
Boggo Road Busway Project, Brisbane, Australia Ted Nye, Maxwell Kitson,
Ravin Chinniah ..................................................................................................................906
Loosening and Face Stability with Shallow Overburden in the “SITINA Tunnel,”
Bratislava, Slovakia Chikaosa Tanimoto, Kimikazu Tsusaka, Toshihiko Aoki,
Masahiro Iwano .................................................................................................................916
Innovative NATM—Design for a Large Shallow Cavern at Stanford
Thomas Marcher, Max John, Steffen Matthei, Zuzana Skovajsova ..................................927
ADECO as an Alternative to NATM: How It Works, Why It Works Fulvio Tonon ..........942
Part 16: shaft
New Technology Changes Blind Shaft Drilling Alan Zeni .............................................970
Tamerlane Hoist and Vertical Belt Project Shawn Collins .............................................975
A Small Diameter Shaft Design Alternative Brian E. Gombos, David D. DiPonio .........986
Kansas River Tunnel Shaft Drilling Clay Haynes, Cary Hirner, Clay Griffith .................998
Design Considerations for the Use of Slurry Walls as Permanent Walls for Deep
Rectangular Shaft Structures in Seismic Areas—Silicon Valley Rapid Transit
Project Michael J. Lehnen, Ching Wu, Mike Wongkaew, James Chai .......................1005
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
viii RetC 2009 PRoCeeDInGs
Part 17: slurry and ePB 1
Selection, Design, and Procurement of North America’s Largest Mixshield TBM for
Portland, Oregon’s East Side CSO Tunnel Christof Metzger, Greg Colzani,
Gary Irwin ........................................................................................................................1022
Construction of Drilled Shafts for the Upper Northwest Interceptor, Sections 1&2
Project—Sacramento, CA Jeremy Theys, Chris Schäfer ...........................................1037
Port Authority of Alleghany County North Shore Connector Project Tunnels and
Station Shell Case History Contracts 003 and 006 Paul Zick .....................................1051
Construction of the North Dorchester Bay CSO Storage Tunnel in Boston
J. Davies, K. Chin, J. Ohnigian, J. Stokes .......................................................................1062
High Risk Tunneling Adjacent to Large Water Tank on the UNWI Sections 3&4
Project Andrew Finney, John Wong, Craig Vandaelle, Cody Painter, Steve Cano .....1074
Construction Works of Large-Section Vertically Parallel Twin Tunnels in Close
Proximity Kentaro Kuraji, Masami Morita, Naoyuki Araki, Yoshihir Taniguchi ............1083
A Practical Approach for Precast Concrete Segmental Ring Selection
Steve Skelhorn, Laura McNally ........................................................................................1102
Part 18: slurry and ePB 2
Big Walnut Outfall Augmentation Sewer—Part II: TBM Case History Tom Szaraz,
Gary Bulla, Chris Smith ....................................................................................................1114
EPB Tunnelling Through Cohesionless Saturated Ground Under Very Shallow
Cover—Perth New MetroRail City Project Hiroshi Yamazaki, Oskar Sigl,
Fumihiro Aikawa, Raghvendra Bhargava .........................................................................1124
Sao Paulo Metro Project—Control of Settlements in Variable Soil Conditions
Through EPB Pressure and Bicomponent Backfill Grout Lorenzo Pellegrini,
Pietro Perruzza .................................................................................................................1137
Planning and Preparation for Tunneling at Brightwater West Mina M. Shinouda,
Glen Frank, Greg Hauser .................................................................................................1154
Brightwater East—A Case History Luminita Calin, Tony Hupfauf ................................1171
Gotthard-Base Tunnel, Section Faido Previous Experience with the Use of the
TBM Martin Herrenknecht, Olivier Böckli, Karin Bäppler .............................................1182
Part 19: tBM Case studies 1
TBM Tunneling at the Ashlu Hydropower Project, Squamish, BC
Serge Moalli, Steve Redmond, Dean Brox, Peter Procter, Daniel Jezek,
Michelle van der Pouw Kraan, Richard Blanchet, Robert Kulka .....................................1208
TBM and NATM Combined Solution for a Very Deep Tunnel—The “Pajares”
Case Enrique Fernández, Paz Navarro, Alejandro Sanz ...........................................1218
8 m Diameter 7 km Long Beles Tailrace Tunnel (Ethiopia) Bored and Lined in
Basaltic Formations in Less than 12 Months Antonio Raschillà,
Francesco Bartimoccia ....................................................................................................1235
Construction of Louisville Water Company’s Riverbank Filtration Tunnel and
Pump Station Project S. Holtermann, W. Klecan, K. Ball ...........................................1248
Technical Considerations for TBM Tunneling in the Andes Dean Brox,
Guido Venturini ................................................................................................................1261
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
Contents ix
Robbins 10m Double Shield Tunnel Boring Machines on Srisailam Left Bank
Canal Tunnel Scheme, Alimineti Madhava Reddy Project, Andhra Pradesh, India
William Brundan ..............................................................................................................1275
Part 20: tBM Case studies 2
Madiq Tunnel, Lebanon: TBM Tunneling vs. Karst Geology William D. Leech,
Issam Bou Jaoude, Nicholas Ghanem ............................................................................1294
Onsite Assembly and Hard Rock Tunneling at the Jinping-II Hydropower Station
Power Tunnel Project Stephen M. Smading, Joe Roby, Desiree Willis ......................1308
Double Shield TBM in Challenging, Difficult Ground Conditions—A Case Study
from Zagros Long Water Transfer Tunnel, Iran Jafar Khademi Hamidi,
Kourosh Shahriar, Jamal Rostami ...................................................................................1321
Impacts of Ground Convergence on TBM Performance in Ghomroud Tunnel
Ebrahim Farrokh, Jamal Rostami ....................................................................................1334
TBM Data Management and Quality Assurance for the Brightwater Conveyance
Project Jeffrey Mitsopoulos, Frank Stahl, James Wonneberg, Kenneth Rossi ...........1354
Construction of the East Side Access Manhattan Tunnels Don Hickey ......................1365
Index 1373
© 2009 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2009.
