Radiometric temperature measurements. II. Applications

480 Pages·73.271 MB·English

by  Zhang Zh., Tsai B., Machin G. (Ed.)

ISBN 978-0-12-375091-4
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9 780123 750914
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EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENTS
II. Applications
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Thomas Lucatorto and Albert C. Parr, Editors in Chief
Founding Editors
L. MARTON
C. MARTON
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENTS
II. Applications
Editors
Zhuomin M. Zhang
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA
Benjamin K. Tsai
Optical Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441, USA
Graham Machin
Engineering Measurement Division
National Physical Laboratory
Teddington, Middlesex, TWll oLW, UK
Amsterdam. Boston. Heidelberg. London. New York. Oxford
Paris. San Diego. San Francisco. Singapore. Sydney. Tokyo
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CONTENTS
List of Contributors xi
Volumes in Series xiii
Preface xvii
1. Industrial Applications of Radiation Thermometry 1
Jorg Hollandt, JUrgen Hartmann, Ortwin StruB and Reno Gartner
1. Introduction 2
2. Industrial Radiation Thermometers and Line-Scanners 4
3. Specifications of Radiation Thermometers 24
4. Applications of Radiation Thermometry in Industrial
Production Areas 28
5. Summary 54
Acknowledgement 54
References 54
2. Experimental Characterization of Blackbody
Radiation Sources
57
Sergey N. Mekhontsev, Alexander V. Prokhorov and
Leonard M. Hanssen
1. Introduction 57
2. Reflectometric Determination of the Effective Emissivity
of Blackbody Radiators 60
3· Radiometric Measurement of Blackbody Sources 74
4· Measurement of Input Parameters for the Calculation
of Blackbody Radiator Characteristics 98
5. Conclusions 129
References 130
3· Radiation Thermometry in the Semiconductor Industry 137
Bruce E. Adams, Charles W. Schietinger and Kenneth G. Kreider
1. Introduction 138
2. Basics of Optical Fiber Thermometry (OFT) 143
3. Temperature Measurements in the Semiconductor Industry 152
4. Applications 159
vii
viii Contents
5. Calibration 164
6. In situ Calibration of Radiation Thermometers in RTP Tools 170
7. Emissivity Methods 189
8. Problems to Solve 208
9. Summary 208
Acknowledgments 209
References 209
4· Thermometry in Steel Production 217
Tohru luchi, Yoshiro Yamada, Masato Sugiura and Akira Torao
1. Introduction 217
2. Review of the Steel Production Process 219
3. Characteristics of Radiometric Temperature
Measurement in Steel Processes 224
4. Applications 228
5. Summary 270
References 271
5· Thermal Imaging in Firefighting and Thermography
Applications 279
Francine Amon and Colin Pearson
1. Introduction 279
2. Thermography Engineering Applicati~ns 287
3. Thermal Imaging in Firefighting 316
4. Standards 327
5. Summary 328
Acknowledgments 328
References 328
6. Remote Sensing of the Earth's Surface Temperature 333
Peter J. Minnett and Ian J. Barton
1. Introduction 334
2. Statement of the Problem 337
3· Remote Sensing of Surface Temperature 345
4· Spacecraft Radiometers 354
5. Validation of Surface Temperature Retrievals 361
6. Residual Uncertainties 367
7. Applications of Remotely Sensed Surface
Temperatures 374
8. Atmospheric Profiles 380
9. Future Missions 381
10. Conclusions and Outlook 383
References 384