Table Of ContentR adiology Fundamentals
Harjit Singh ● Janet A Neutze
Editors
Jonathan R Enterline ● Joseph S Fotos
Associate Editors
Jonathan J Douds ● Megan Jenkins Kalambo
● Marsha J Bluto
Contributing Editors
Radiology Fundamentals
Introduction to Imaging & Technology
Fourth Edition
Editors
Harjit Singh, MD, FSIR Janet A Neutze, MD
Professor of Radiology, Surgery, Associate Professor of Radiology
and Medicine Associate Division Chief, Ultrasound
Director of Education, Penn State Heart Co-director, Radiology Medical Student
and Vascular Institute Education Program
Fellowship Director, Cardiovascular Pennsylvania State College of Medicine
and Interventional Radiology Penn State Hershey Medical Center
Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
Penn State Hershey Medical Center
T o everyone who worked so hard on this
book over the years, thank you. I couldn’t
have done it without you. To my wife, Bina
and my children, thank you for the support
and encouragement.
T o Dad, thanks for watching over me.
H S
F or all of those who helped – thanks.
For all of those who waited – thanks;
I’m coming home now.
J AN
T o all those that ever wrote a book,
I can now empathize. To my family
and wonderful wife, Lindsey, for their
endless love, encouragement, and prayers.
J E
T o my lovely wife, Melissa, thank you for
your love, encouragement and boundless
support. To all of those who have worked
so hard on this project over the years,
thank you. Your contributions will be
appreciated for years to come.
J F
P reface to the Fourth
Edition
T he fourth edition of the Radiology Syllabus is directed towards medical students,
non-radiology housestaff, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, radiologist assis-
tants and other allied health professionals as a curriculum guide to supplement their
radiology education. This book serves only as an introduction to the dynamic fi eld
of radiology. In fact, the most diffi cult decision in compiling this fourth edition did
not involve what to include, but rather determining what to leave out. The goal of
this text is to provide the reader with examples and brief discussions of basic radio-
graphic principles that should serve as the foundation for further learning. We hope
that it will foster and further stimulate the process at the heart of medical education:
self-directed learning.
E ach edition continues to expand upon the fi rst edition of the photocopied pages
and fi lms, written and organized by the original authors, Dr. William Hendrick and
Dr. Carlton “Tad” Phelps. As mentors, Dr. Hendrick and Dr. Phelps of Albany
Medical Center wanted a curriculum guide to reinforce the teaching concepts of
their radiology elective. Dr. Harjit Singh, editor and author of much of the text of the
fi rst print edition, formalized the material in 1988. Our third edition, updated by
faculty and students at Penn State Hershey was a fi rst effort at organizing and digi-
tizing the information for publication. Dr. Marsha Bluto led that conversion of both
text and images. Drs. Megan Jenkins and Jonathan Enterline assisted in the multiple
rewrites and desktop publishing.
O ur fourth edition is an effort to expand and reinforce the original authors’ work
by 14 new contributors. Dr. Joseph Fotos and Jonathan Douds (MD 2012) are new
additions to the writing, illustrating, and editing side.
vii
R adiology continues to explode in breath and depth. Health practitioners are using
radiology studies not just to confi rm a clinical suspicion but to make a diagnosis. We
are performing 20 times more CT scans than we did in 1980! From both cost and safety
standpoints, clinicians and radiologist need to know what they are doing. We hope this
book, used in conjunction with lectures, electives, and discussions, is a start.
Hershey, PA, USA Harjit Singh
Janet A Neutze
viii
C ontents
1 Patient Radiation Safety and Risk ......................................................... 1
2 Introduction to Radiology Concepts ..................................................... 7
3 Conventional Radiology.......................................................................... 11
4 Ultrasound ............................................................................................... 17
5 Computed Tomography .......................................................................... 23
6 MRI .......................................................................................................... 29
7 Nuclear Medicine .................................................................................... 31
8 Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology ...................................... 35
9 Heart and Mediastinum ......................................................................... 39
10 Lateral Chest ........................................................................................... 45
11 Pulmonary Mass Lesions ........................................................................ 51
12 Air Space Disease .................................................................................... 59
13 Interstitial Disease ................................................................................... 63
14 Atelectasis ................................................................................................ 69
15 Pulmonary Vasculature .......................................................................... 75
16 Pulmonary Edema .................................................................................. 83
17 Pneumothorax ......................................................................................... 89
18 Miscellaneous Chest Conditions ............................................................ 95
19 Tubes and Lines ....................................................................................... 105
20 Breast Imaging ........................................................................................ 111
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