Radiation Safety Manual - Univ of Calif

93 Pages·2001·0.417 MB·English

Radiation Safety
Manual
University of California, Santa Cruz
Environmental Health & Safety
In Case of Emergency Dial 911
ForInformationCallEH&SRadiationSafety-[phone]
June2001

RADIATION SAFETY MANUAL
UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA,SANTACRUZ
FOREWORD
Manyresearchandinstructionactivitiesinvolvetheuseofionizingandnon-ionizingradiationasa
valuabletooltoextendfundamentalknowledgeandtheyareanimportantpartoftheUniversity’s
contributiontothesocietyitserves.
ThesafetyrecordoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruzinitsuseofsuchradiationatteststothe
successoftheradiationsafetyprogram. Safetystandardsmustcontinuetobemet.
Thismanualdescribesthepoliciesandproceduresestablishedtoensureradiationsafetyonthiscampus.
Allpersonnelworkingwithionizingandnon-ionizingradiationarerequiredtofullycomprehendand
followpoliciesandproceduressetforthherein. Theymustalsoexercisepropercaretopreventradiation
frombecomingahazardtothemselvesorothers.
TheuseofradioactivematerialsandradiationproducingmachinesisgovernedundertheCalifornia
RadiationControlRegulationsandtheUCSCBroadScopeRadioactiveMaterialsLicense. This
documentdetailshowtheappropriatestateandfederalregulations(seeAppendixA)willbeappliedat
UCSC. ThisRadiationSafetyManualsupersedesallpreviousdocumentsandprocedures.
AnychangestothepoliciesandproceduresincludedintheRadiationSafetyManualmustbeapprovedby
theRadiationSafetyCommitteebeforeimplementation. RadiationuserswillreceiveupdatesfromEH&S
RadiationSafetywhenchangeshavebeenmade.
______________________________________ ____________________________________
M.R.CGreenwood,Ph.D. LyndaGoff,Ph.D.
Chancellor Chair,RadiationSafetyCommittee
_____________________________________ ____________________________________
KenSmith IlseKolbus
RadiationSafetyOfficer EH&SDirector

RadiationSafetyManual
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1 UCSCRADIATIONSAFETYPOLICY.......................................................................................................1
2 ORGANIZATIONANDRESPONSIBILITY...............................................................................................3
2.1 Chancellor...............................................................................................................................................3
2.2 RadiationSafetyandCommittee.............................................................................................................3
2.3 OfficeofEnvironmentalHealthandSafety............................................................................................3
2.3.1 TheDirectorofEnvironmentalHealthandSafety....................................................................3
2.3.2 TheRadiationSafetyOfficer(RSO).........................................................................................3
2.4 PurchasingManager................................................................................................................................3
2.5 Deans,DepartmentChairs,andAdministrativeOfficers........................................................................4
2.6 RadiationPrincipalInvestigator..............................................................................................................4
2.7 DesignatedUser......................................................................................................................................4
2.8 AncillaryPersonnel.................................................................................................................................5
3 LICENSINGREQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................7
3.1 UCSCLicense.........................................................................................................................................7
3.1.1 StateRegulationofRadiationUse............................................................................................7
3.1.2 StateLicensureofUCSC..........................................................................................................7
3.1.3 Exemptions...............................................................................................................................8
3.2 RadiationUseAuthorization...................................................................................................................8
3.2.1 ApplicationforResearchUse...................................................................................................8
3.2.2 ApplicationforAcademicUse..................................................................................................9
3.3 RUAAmendments................................................................................................................................10
3.4 ReviewofRUAApplications................................................................................................................10
3.5 LevelofReviewandApproval..............................................................................................................11
3.6 DeterminationoftheHazardGuideValue............................................................................................12
3.7 RUALevel............................................................................................................................................15
3.8 ClassificationofWorkplaces.................................................................................................................15
3.8.1 TypeC“Normal”Laboratories...............................................................................................15
3.8.2 TypeB“Radioisotope”Laboratories......................................................................................16
3.8.3 TypeA“HighActivity”Laboratories.....................................................................................17
3.9 RadiationUseAuthorizationRenewal..................................................................................................17
3.10 RegistrationofMachines.......................................................................................................................17
3.11 EH&SRadiationSafetyAudits:............................................................................................................18
3.11.1 Noncompliance.......................................................................................................................18
3.12 TerminationProceduresforAuthorizations..........................................................................................19
3.12.1 DecommissioningOfFacilitiesAndEquipment.....................................................................20
3.13 PhysicalExaminationRequirements.....................................................................................................20
3.14 Summary...............................................................................................................................................20
4 RADIATIONEXPOSUREPOLICY...........................................................................................................21
4.1 ALARAPolicy......................................................................................................................................21
4.2 OccupationDose...................................................................................................................................21
4.3 PrenatalRadiationExposurePolicy......................................................................................................22
4.3.1 FederalandStateRegulations.................................................................................................22
4.3.2 ExposureofPregnantWomen................................................................................................23
4.3.3 SpecificInformationforProspectiveMothers........................................................................23
4.3.4 SpecialPrecautionsforProspectiveMothers..........................................................................23
4.4 PersonnelMonitoring............................................................................................................................24
4.4.1 Requirements:.........................................................................................................................24
University of California, Santa Cruz
4.4.2 SupplementaryDosimetryDosimeters....................................................................................25
4.4.3 ProperUseofPersonnelMonitors..........................................................................................25
4.5 Bioassays...............................................................................................................................................25
4.5.1 FederalandStateRegulatoryRequirements...........................................................................25
4.5.2 Participation............................................................................................................................26
4.6 ALARAReviewofExposures..............................................................................................................27
4.6.1 RoutineALARAExposureInvestigations..............................................................................27
4.6.2 SpecialALARAExposureInvestigations...............................................................................27
4.6.3 InvestigationofOverExposures.............................................................................................28
4.7 DistributionofMonitoringResultsandNotifications:..........................................................................28
5 REGISTRATIONANDTRAININGOFPERSONNEL............................................................................29
5.1 TraininginRadiationSafety.................................................................................................................29
5.2 RPI’sSafetyTrainingResponsibilities..................................................................................................29
6 LABORATORYSTANDARDOPERATINGPROCEDURES................................................................31
6.1 ProcurementProcedures........................................................................................................................31
6.1.1 SubmissionofRequisitions.....................................................................................................31
6.1.2 ApprovalofRequisition..........................................................................................................31
6.1.3 ApprovalandRecordingofTransfers.....................................................................................31
6.2 ReceiptofRadioactiveMaterial............................................................................................................31
6.3 SecurityofRadioactiveMaterial...........................................................................................................32
6.3.1 RestrictedArea........................................................................................................................32
6.3.2 ControlledArea.......................................................................................................................32
6.4 Controlled“RadiationUse”Areas........................................................................................................32
6.5 InventoryControlandPossessionLimit...............................................................................................32
6.6 PostingRequirementsforRadiationLaboratories.................................................................................33
6.6.1 CautionRadioactiveMaterial.................................................................................................33
6.6.2 CautionRadiationArea...........................................................................................................33
6.7 LabelingRequirements..........................................................................................................................34
6.7.1 Containers...............................................................................................................................34
6.7.2 Equipment...............................................................................................................................34
6.7.3 WorkAreas.............................................................................................................................34
6.7.4 SealedSources........................................................................................................................34
6.8 RadiationExposureandContaminationControlintheLaboratory......................................................34
6.8.1 InternalContamination...........................................................................................................35
6.8.2 ShieldingandExposureControlRequirements......................................................................36
6.9 RadiationControlTechniques...............................................................................................................36
6.9.1 AdditionalRequirementsforHighandVeryHighRadiotoxicityNuclides............................37
6.10 LaboratorySurveys...............................................................................................................................37
6.10.1 SurveyRecords:......................................................................................................................39
6.11 DecontaminationRequirements............................................................................................................39
6.11.1 TolerableDecontaminationLevels.........................................................................................40
6.12 RadioactiveWasteManagement...........................................................................................................41
6.12.1 GeneralConsiderations:..........................................................................................................42
6.12.2 WasteLabeling.......................................................................................................................42
6.12.3 SolidRadioactiveWaste.........................................................................................................42
6.12.4 LiquidRadioactiveWaste.......................................................................................................42
6.12.5 AnimalWaste..........................................................................................................................43
6.12.6 LiquidScintillationCocktail(LSC)Vials...............................................................................43
6.12.7 OtherWastes...........................................................................................................................43
6.12.8 SegregationScheme................................................................................................................43
7 REQUIREDRECORDS...............................................................................................................................45
RadiationSafetyManual
7.1 EH&SRadiationSafetyMaintainedRecords.......................................................................................45
7.2 RPIMaintainedRecords.......................................................................................................................45
8 RADIATIONPRODUCINGMACHINES..................................................................................................47
8.1 GeneralRegulations..............................................................................................................................47
8.1.1 Possession...............................................................................................................................47
8.1.2 Use..........................................................................................................................................47
8.1.3 Personnel.................................................................................................................................48
8.1.4 RadiationExposures...............................................................................................................48
8.1.5 PersonalProtectiveEquipment...............................................................................................48
8.1.6 MachineLocation...................................................................................................................48
8.1.7 PostingandLabeling...............................................................................................................48
8.1.8 RadiationSurveys...................................................................................................................49
8.1.9 FacilityReviewandInspections.............................................................................................49
8.1.10 RadiationMonitoringDosimetry............................................................................................49
8.1.11 SafetyDevices........................................................................................................................49
8.1.12 OperatingProcedures..............................................................................................................50
8.1.13 UseLog...................................................................................................................................50
8.2 SpecificRegulations..............................................................................................................................50
8.2.1 ElectronMicroscopes..............................................................................................................50
8.2.2 MedicalMachines...................................................................................................................50
8.2.3 CabinetX-RayMachinesandFluorescenceAnalysisMachines............................................50
8.2.4 X-RayDiffraction...................................................................................................................51
8.2.5 MiscellaneousMachines.........................................................................................................52
9 NON-IONIZINGRADIATION....................................................................................................................53
9.1 LaserSafetyProgram............................................................................................................................53
9.2 OtherRadiationSafetyPrograms..........................................................................................................53
10 EMERGENCYPLANS.................................................................................................................................55
10.1 PersonnelContamination......................................................................................................................55
10.2 MajorSpill(Greaterthan10XAppendixGoftheRadiationSafetyManual)......................................56
10.3 MinorSpills(Lessthan10XAppendixGoftheRadiationSafetyManual).........................................56
10.4 RadiationProducingMachines..............................................................................................................57
AppendixAStatutesandRegulations...................................................................................................................A-1
AppendixBBylawsoftheRadiationSafetyCommittee.....................................................................................B-1
AppendixCResponsibilitiesoftheRadiationSafetyOfficer(RSO).................................................................C-1
AppendixDFunctionsofEH&SRadiationSafety..............................................................................................D-1
AppendixEResponsibilitiesoftheRadiationPrincipalInvestigator(RPI).......................................................E-1
AppendixFResponsibilitiesoftheDesignatedUser(DU)...................................................................................F-1
AppendixGExemptQuantities.............................................................................................................................G-1
AppendixHForms.................................................................................................................................................H-1
AppendixIAnimalUse............................................................................................................................................I-1
AppendixJGlossaryofTerms...............................................................................................................................J-1
University of California, Santa Cruz
LISTOFTABLES
Table1LevelofReview.............................................................................................................................12
Table2ModifyingFactorsforOperationswithUnsealedRadioactiveMaterials.....................................13
Table3ModifyingFactorsforOperationswithSealed(Encapsulated)RadioactiveMaterials................14
Table4RUALevels...................................................................................................................................15
Table5LaboratoryClassification..............................................................................................................15
Table6EH&SRadiationSafetyAuditSchedule.......................................................................................18
Table7SanctionsforRepeatNoncompliance............................................................................................19
Table8OccupationalDoseLimits.............................................................................................................21
Table9PublicDoseLimits........................................................................................................................22
Table10DeclaredPregnantWomanDoseLimits.....................................................................................22
Table11ActivityLevelsAboveWhichBioassayforI-125orI-131isNecessary....................................26
Table12ActivityLevelsAboveWhichBioassayforH-3isNecessary....................................................27
Table13ClassificationofIsotopesAccordingtoRelativeRadiotoxicityPerUnitofActivity..................35
Table14RecommendedContaminationDetectionInstruments................................................................38
Table15SurveyFrequencybyMaximumHGV........................................................................................38
Table16SurveyFrequencybyMaximumActivitiesUsed(U=1)inControlledAreas............................39
Table17UCSCContaminationLimits.......................................................................................................41
RadiationSafetyManual
1 UCSC RADIATION SAFETY POLICY
TheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz(UCSC)hasamoralandlegalobligationtoestablishwork
practicesthatprovideasafeandhealthfulenvironmentforstudents,employees,andthepublicwho
participateinofficialcampusactivities.
Becauseofpotentialhazardsinvolvedintheuseofradioactivematerialsandradiationemitting
devices,thecampusadministrationrecognizestheneedforaRadiationSafetyprogram. Itisthe
policyofUCSCtoimplementaRadiationSafetyprogramthatmaintainsthelevelofexposureto
employees,studentsandthepublic,"AsLowAsReasonablyAchievable"(ALARA).
Theprogramisintendedtoprotectpersonnelfromunnecessaryradiationexposure,toprevent
contaminationofournaturalresourcesandtomeetthestateandfederalregulationsgoverningthe
possessionanduseofradioisotopesandradiationproducingsources. Tothisend,thisRadiation
SafetyManualhasbeenpreparedwithapprovalbytheChancellor.
TheRadiationSafetyManualestablishesproceduresandregulationsgoverningthesafeuseof
sourcesofradiationatUCSCthatconformtotheguidelines,standards,andregulationssetforthby
pertinentsectionsoftheandtheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)andtheCalifornia
AdministrativeCode(CAC). SeeAppendixAforlistingoffederalandstateregulationsandstatutes.
EveryRadiationPrincipalInvestigator(RPI),willbeissuedacopyoftheRadiationSafetyManualat
thetimeofitspublicationand/orwhena"RadiationUseAuthorization"(RUA)isapproved. Acopy
oftheRadiationSafetyManualshallbekeptinthelaboratorywheresourcesofionizingradiationare
usedandshallbemadeavailableasareferencetopersonsinvolvedwiththeproject(s).
TheRadiationSafetyCommitteeandtheRadiationSafetyOfficerareauthorizedbytheChancellorto
limit,suspend,orrevokeanindividual'sauthoritytouseradioactivematerial(s)orsourcesofionizing
radiationifsuchuseisdangeroustothelifeandhealthofindividuals,orviolateshealthandsafety
codes.
1