Table Of ContentM. Nakashima, N. Takamura, K. Tsukasaki,
Y. Nagayama, S. Yamashita (Eds.)
Radiation Health Risk Sciences
M. Nakashima, N. Takamura, K. Tsukasaki,
Y. Nagayama, S. Yamashita (Eds.)
Radiation Health Risk Sciences
Proceedings of the First International Symposium
of the Nagasaki University Global COE Program
“Global Strategic Center for Radiation Health
Risk Control”
Masahiro Nakashima M.D., Ph.D. Yuji Nagayama M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Tissue and Professor, Department of Medical Gene
Histopathology Section, Atomic Bomb Technology, Atomic Bomb Disease
Disease Institute Institute
Nagasaki University Graduate School of Nagasaki University Graduate School of
Biomedical Sciences Biomedical Sciences
1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
Noboru Takamura M.D., Ph.D. Shunichi Yamashita M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Professor, Department of Molecular
Radiation Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Medicine
Disease Institute Atomic Bomb Disease Institute
Nagasaki University Graduate School of Nagasaki University Graduate School of
Biomedical Sciences Biomedical Sciences
1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
Kunihiro Tsukasaki M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of
Molecular Medicine and Hematology,
Atomic Bomb Disease Institute
Nagasaki University Graduate School of
Biomedical Sciences
1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Acknowledgments
The publication of this volume was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology of Japan through the Nagasaki University Global
COE (center of excellence) Program “Global Strategic Center for Radiation Health
Risk Control.”
V
Organizing Committee
Honorary Chairman
Hiroshi Saito, President, Nagasaki University
Chairman
Shunichi Yamashita, Professor, GCOE Program Leader, Nagasaki University
Program Committee
Naoki Matsuda, Professor, Nagasaki University
Yuji Nagayama, Professor, Nagasaki University
Masahiro Nakashima, Associate Professor, Nagasaki University
Akira Ohtsuru, Associate Professor, Nagasaki University
Hiroki Ozawa, Professor, Nagasaki University
Keiji Suzuki, Associate Professor, Nagasaki University
Noboru Takamura, Associate Professor, Nagasaki University
Kunihiro Tsukasaki, Associate Professor, Nagasaki University
Koh-ichiro Yoshiura, Associate Professor, Nagasaki University
VI
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Preface
Ionizing radiation is a recognized and a well-documented human cancer risk factor,
based on a remarkably consistent body of information from epidemiological studies
of exposed populations in the world. The atomic bomb survivors study in
Hiroshima and Nagasaki remains the single most important study on excess cancer
risk and also, recently, on noncancer risk. The youngest atomic bomb survivors,
considered to be the most radiosensitive, have now reached the “cancer age.”
A continuous endeavor in the fi eld of radiation health risk sciences is critical
and important especially for the Nuclear Age of the twenty-fi rst century from the
standpoint of radiation safety and risk management. Besides the atomic bomb
studies in Japan, lessons from the Chernobyl accident also tell us about various
health effects in several population categories directly affected by the accident, such
as emergency workers and people living in radio-contaminated areas. Among the
latter, there has been a dramatic increase in thyroid cancer in those who were chil-
dren at the time of the accident; their risk of disease is expected to be long-lasting.
We are now facing the most diffi cult part in the follow-up of the long-term health
consequences in individuals who were exposed at a young age, either externally or
internally. An additional source of information on radiation health effects in humans
is the data obtained and accumulated from occupational, medical, and other expo-
sure scenarios. Along with studies in human populations, it is also essential to
promote basic radiation life sciences at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and labora-
tory animal levels, particularly as they address exposure to low dose and low dose-
rate radiation, to further understand and apply these fi ndings to future regulatory
guidance and public health policy.
Another important issue of the Nuclear Age is to prepare for emergency radiation
medicine against nuclear disasters and any radiological accident. The global radia-
tion health initiative should be taken under the auspices of an international consor-
tium on emergency radiation medicine, focusing on regenerative medicine and
related regulatory sciences. Here we would like to re-emphasize to the world our
mission and task of Nagasaki University in the fi eld of radiation health risk
sciences.
On the basis of our previous achievements of the 21st century COE program
entitled “The International Consortium for Medical Care of Hibakusha and Radia-
tion Life Science” selected by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
IX
X Preface
Science and Technology from FY 2002 to FY 2006, a new Global COE program
termed “Global Strategic Center for Radiation Health Risk Control” has been newly
selected for the coming fi ve years starting in FY 2007.
As an inaugural meeting of the new GCOE Program, we held the First Interna-
tional Symposium from 31 January–4 February 2008, at Matsumoto Ryojun Hall,
during the special occasion of the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Nagasaki
University School of Medicine. More than 130 scientists, including 20 scientists
from 10 countries in addition to Japan, participated in the symposium and satellite
meetings and were engaged in intensive discussions of the issues mentioned above.
New and revised academic cooperation agreements were signed with several sister
universities, and a number of prospective joint research projects were successfully
negotiated. The future direction of the GCOE Program in Nagasaki University thus
has been clearly manifested during the symposium.
The present proceedings is a compilation of papers presented at the First Inter-
national Symposium on the Establishment of a New Discipline, “Medical Care for
Hibakusha,” including two-day satellite symposia. The symposia featured presenta-
tions by international experts on the topics of 1) atomic bomb disease medicine, 2)
international radiation health sciences, and 3) radiation basic life sciences. Further-
more, special issues of radiation risk management including mental health care and
cancer research were included.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all contributors for their fas-
cinating and valuable papers. Through continuous academic cooperation and con-
certed efforts in further investigations of the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation
on human health, especially at low dose and low dose-rate, we greatly hope to
create a new disciplinary research fi eld of comprehensive radiation health risk
control.
The Editors
Greetings
It is a great honor and pleasure for me to extend my cordial greetings on the
occasion of the First International Symposium on the Establishment of a New
Discipline, “Medical Care for Hibakusha.” As the President of Nagasaki University,
I consider this symposium very important for the following three reasons.
First of all, this is the remarkable result of a continuous endeavor in Radiation
Medical Sciences by the research project leader, Professor Shunichi Yamashita, and
his trusted staff of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Their study
received the highest rating in the interim assessment of the “21st COE Program”
from 2002 to 2006, and its high standard has already been widely recognized. I am
very proud that they have established a global research network in Radiation
Medical Sciences with research institutes around the world, including Chernobyl
and Kazakhstan and internationally renowned organizations such as WHO, and that
their various achievements in international medical initiatives have come to be
appreciated with the help of this strong network.
The second reason for the signifi cance of our symposium is that our subject in
this fi eld of research was “Interdiscipline, Combination, and New Area.” Although
Nagasaki University consists of eight faculties and one research institute, it has no
departments in basic subjects such as literature, law, and science, in contrast to
other large-scale national university corporations. Its undergraduate and graduate
schools concentrate mainly on applied science. However, we have never taken this
fact to be a negative factor. Rather, we have always thought of this as an opportunity
and have tried to create new disciplines crossing the borders between established
learning fi elds, thus taking up the challenge to develop Nagasaki’s unique and tra-
ditionally fostered “forever enterprising spirit.” I believe that our mission is to put
into practice our philosophy as a “center for the transmission of intellectual infor-
mation” by creating the cutting edge in science and continuously conveying our
achievements to the world. Winning the “FY 2007 Global COE Program” will
certainly be one of the driving forces to promote that mission. The Japan Society
for the Promotion of Science pointed out that “Research needs to be reinforced in
both its social science aspect and its physical chemistry aspect by an interdisciplin-
ary point of view, and it also needs further elaboration and deliberation to become
a fi rmer base for educational research.” With this advice, I have realized that there
are still more issues in which we have to make improvements.
XI
