Table Of ContentRadiation dose management
in the nuclear industry
Radiation dose management
in the nuclear industry
Proceedings of the conference organised by the
British Nuclear Energy Society and held in
Windermere, Cumbria, on 9-11 October 1995
British Nuclear Energy Society, London
Conference organized by the British Nuclear Energy Society and co-sponsored by the
European Nuclear Energy Society and the Society for Radiological Protection
Organizing Committee
A. Martin, Consultant (Chairman); Dr R. Coates, British Nuclear Fuels pic; C. Lefaure,
CEPN, France; I. R. Devine, Nuclear Electric pic; Dr L. M. C. Dutton, NNC Limited; G.
G. Harris, Axiom Consulting Engineers Ltd; C. Partington, British Nuclear Fuels pic.
Corresponding members: A. Debauche, Belgian Nuclear Society; Dipl Phys W. Jeschi, Swiss
Nuclear Society; B. Lowendahl, Swedish Nuclear Society; Dr J. Moravek, Czech and Slovak
Nuclear Societies; O. Vilkamo, Finnish Nuclear Society.
Published on behalf of the organizers by Thomas Telford Publications, Thomas Telford Services Ltd, 1 Heron Quay,
London E14 4JD.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Classification
Availability: Unrestricted
Content: Collected papers
Status: Invited authors' opinions
Users: Nuclear engineers, health physicists, nuclear industry managers
ISBN: 0 7277 2087 2
® British Nuclear Energy Society, 1995, unless otherwise stated
All rights, including translation reserved. Except for fair copying, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
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without the prior written permission of the Publisher, Books, Publications Division, Thomas Telford Services Ltd, Thomas
Telford House, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 4JD.
Papers or other contributions and the statements made or the opinions expressed therein are published on the understanding
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Printed in Great Britain.
Contents
Development of IAEA safety standards and guides on occupational exposure
control.
G. A. M. WEBB
The development of radiological protection standards for occupational
exposure,
A. D. WRIXON
From a regulatory to a cultural approach in the field of radiological protection.
M.-C. BOEHLER
A fresh look at understanding the extent and scope of radiation and
contamination problems in various nuclear fuel cycle facilities.
J. D. CAMPBELL
The EDF ALARA projects: a global management approach, c.
THEZEE,
L. STICKER and R. DOLLO
The RED (reduce everyone's dose) initiative at Hinkley point Power Station.
J. WESTON
Optimisation of workers' exposure at La Hague reprocessing plant.
J. BETIS and J. KALIMBADJIAN
Radiation protection experience during active commissioning of the Thorp
Reprocessing Plant, K. P. SPOUR and E. w. HUTTON
Development and Introduction of revised dose uptake criteria and associated
assessment methodologies for new plant at British Nuclear Fuels pic.
D. K. OWEN and M. J. HOBSON
Occupational exposure to radiation in the European Union and the Russian
Federation, L. M. c. DUTTON, I. D. CURRIE, A. A. NOSKOV, D. P. SEMIN and v. i. TSOFIN
A dose reconstruction case study - the retrospective assessment of neutron
dose for workers on the Windscale Piles at Sellafield. R. w. ANDERSON and
A. v. KITE
Calibration and type testing of neutron radiation protection instrumentation.
A. G. BARDELLand D. J. THOMAS
The use of PADC for neutron personal dosimetry in the nuclear industry.
R. H. TANNER, D. T. BARTLETT, P. J. GILVIN and J. LAVELLE
The characteristics of a 'thin' detector for the measurement of superficial and
extremity doses,
H. E. PRESTON
ISOE: an international occupational exposure database and communications
network for dose optimisation. I. F. ROBINSON and E. LAZO
An efficient tool to follow up doses of transient workers in French NPPs:
DOSINAT. 99
G. DAUBERT
Sizewell B Power Station control dosimetry system. 104
G. RENN
Radiation exposure management systems at Baltimore Gas & Electric's Clavert
Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, G. B. STALLINGS and R. J. FLETCHER 107
The impact of IT on dose management at Devonport Royal Dockyard. B. T.
JAMES, S. N. URQUHART and A. KINSMAN 110
Transforming dose management techniques through technology. 118
M. BENNETT
Recent developments in a radiation field control technology, c. 123
J. WOOD
Radiological aspects of a full-system decontamination of Loviisa 2.
B. WAHLSTROM and U. LINDEN 130
Optimisation of radiation protection during seam generators replacements.
G. ABELA, B. CARVAL and O. JURION 1 QQ
Experience from severe fuel failures in Ringhals: Radiological effects and shut
down criteria, p. o. ARONSSON, O. ERIXON, G. GRANATH and T. SVEDBERG 139
Fuel failures management at BWR's: an ALARA approach in the Swiss context.
P. CROUAlL and W. JESCHKI 147
Improvements in the methods for optimising dose rate CTOR NPPs in the
Russian Federation. 154
A. A. NOSKOV
Dose control experience on the waste vitrification plant at Sellafield.
C.J.ALEXANDER 156
Radiological control of contractors' employees - an independent RPA's view.
J. O. ELLIS and C. A. WEBB 162
The gaseous effluents from the WER NPPs in the Republic of Slovakia.
V. KAPlSOVSKY, J. MORAVEK and J. HUTTA 165
Control of radioactive discharges to the environment from the Dounreay
nuclear site. N. R. SINCLAIR and c v. GREGORY 168
Active commissioning experience on the Sellafield low active liquid effluent
treatment plants, s. 175
T. BRADFORD
Aerial effluent monitoring and control at Sellafield. c. 183
PARTINGTON
Refurbishment of a fuel fabrication facility. 188
J. L FINLAYSON
Dose control during decomissioning operations at Sellafield. 192
D. G. POMFRET
Dose control during decommissioning stage 1.2 of decommissioning SGHWR
facility,
M. J. RODGERS
Dose management and reduction methods employed for nuclear submarine
decommissioning and refitting at Rosyth Royal Dockyard,
N. PARISH
Databases in dose management - the problems of keeping pace.
B. J. TYMONS,
D. R. GOODILL and D. C. ARGENT
Application of the new ICRP respiratory tract model to inhaled plutonium nitrate
using experimental biokinetic data. A. BIRCHALL, M. R. BAILEY and N. S. JARVIS
The biokinetics of a uranium aerosol formed in a new laser enrichment
process: implications for human exposure,
M. H. HENGE-NAPOLI,
E. ANSOBORLO, S. A. GRAY, A. HODGSON and G. N. STRADLING
Comparison of plutonium intake estimates inferred from PAS measurements
with results based on the assay of faecal samples. J. DENVIR, K. DUKE and
N. p. TANCOCK
Operational difficulties experienced in the assignment of respiratory protection
factors for use in the assessment of internal doses. K. SMITH, M. L. BACON and D.
N. SIMISTER
Uranium exposure assessment - a critical review,
A E. RIDDELL
Decommissioning a liquid effluent treatment facility - an exercise in dose
management, p. MANSON
Low energy spectroscopy for monitoring lung retention in respect of the
present and forthcoming regulation, p. PIHET, P. BEAU, D. FRANCK, J. L MALARBET,
N. RAZAFINDRALAMBO, and A. RANNOU
Development of IAEA safety standards and guides on
occupational exposure control
Geoffrey A. M. Webb, Head, Radiation Safety Section, Division of Nuclear Energy
and Nuclear Safety, IAEA, Vienna
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) produces which clearly indicates their relationship to the BSS and
standards and other guidance covering all aspects of the also identifies those- areas in which documents did not
safe use of radiation. A substantial subset of these exist and should, in due course, be developed. This paper
publications are devoted to the topic of control of describes the part of the series particularly related to
occupational exposure to radiation. This paper describes occupational exposure.
the restructuring of the documents in this area following
the adoption of the new Basic Safety Standards and the The radiation safety series document structure
topics to be covered in the major guide.
The structure plan
Introduction All Safety Series documents should fit into an
The programme of the radiation safety section of the hierarchical structure with Fundamentals giving the
IAEA covers two major interrelated areas of work. These underlying rationale and the basic principles for protection
are the development and production of a comprehensive and safety, Standards providing in a more regulatory style
set of safety series documentation representing an the mandatory provisions, Guides that elaborate for general
international consensus; and the provision of assistance to areas the manner in which these mandatory provisions are
developing Member States to bring their radiation safety to be fulfilled and give more explanation, and Practices
infrastructure to an appropriate level for the usage of developing the application of the Standards and Guides in
radiation in the State. The two areas are interrelated particular areas or using specific techniques.
because the safety series documents should both set out the The procedure that was adopted in structuring the
radiation safety standards to be achieved and provide radiation safety documents was to recognize the
practical guidance on how this is to be done. importance and broad scope of the BSS and to carry
Over recent years a great deal of effort has been carried through the structure of that document, especially the
out under IAEA auspices to turn the recommendation of appendices. The Transport Regulations and the supporting
the ICRP in Publication 60(1) into internationally agreed guides are treated in a similar way in parallel. This
safety standards. This culminated in September 1994 with structure is shown in Figure 1, which includes some of the
the approval by the Board of Governors of the IAEA of major safety guides. The structure is carried through to the
the new Basic Safety Standards (BSS) (2) which have now next level of documents, Safety Practices.
also been approved by the governing bodies of the other
five co-sponsoring organizations. They will be issued Fundamentals and standards
towards the end of 1995 in their final form in the six The document at the Safety Fundamentals level
working languages of the IAEA. concerned with radiation protection and the safety of
In parallel with the development of the BSS, a sources is intended to complete the set of three
comprehensive review of the Radiation Safety Series of Fundamentals documents. The other two Fundamentals,
documents has been carried out to provide a structure that which have been approved by the Board of Governors,
is clearly based on and related to the requirements of the deal with Nuclear Safety and Radioactive Waste
BSS. The review was carried out mainly by staff of the Management. The document explains the basis for
Radiation Safety Section with input from Advisory approaches to radiation protection and safety for those at
Groups, Technical Committees and Consultants on senior levels in political or regulatory positions, and those
particular topic areas. The results of the review include for who make decisions relating to the uses of radiation in
each existing document an appraisal of its status, whether medicine, industry, agriculture and other areas, but who
it is still valid or should be revised and updated to comply are not safety specialists. This document states the
with the BSS or whether it should be declared obsolete principles that underlie the requirements of both the BSS
and withdrawn. The more important output from the and the Transport Regulations. It is hoped that it will
review is an overall structure plan for the documents receive Board of Governors approval during 1995.
Radiation dose management BNES, 1995 1
M FUNDAMENTALS Radiation Safety Fundamentals
SS(new)
H
8
a
o
STANDARDS FAO, IAEA, ILO. OECD/NEA, PAHO, WHO 00
Regulations for the Safe Transport
International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against
of Radioactive Materials
Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources
W
GUIDES
>
General Topics Occupational Public Medical Intervention Applications Transport s
B
I I I I I I
w
Organization and Occupational Principles for Radiation Extension of the Radiation Protection of Advisory and Explanatory H
Operation Radiation Limiting Protection Principles workers in the Mining and Material for the IAEA
of a National Protection Releases of in the Medical of Radiation Protection Milling of Radioactive Regulations for the Safe
Infrastructure SS(new) Radioactive Exposure of to Ofes Transport of Radioactive
SS)new) Effluents into the Patients Sources of Potential SS26 Material
Environment SS(new) Exposure SS37, SS7
SS77 SS104
Assessment of
Principles for the Internall Radiation Protection in Oil
Exemption of Radiation Radiation Early Medical and Gas Industry Emergency Response
Sources and Practices Exposure for Environmental Treatment Application of the SS(new) Planning and Preparedness
from Regulatory Occupational Monitoring of Possibly Prinlcples for Transport Accidents
Control Protection SS(new) Over-exposed of Radiation Protection Involving Radioactive
SS89 SS(new) Persons to Material
SS87
SS(new) Chronic Exposure Radiation Protection in
Situations Design of Facilities
Consumer SS(new) SS(new)
Operational Radiation Products
Protection: A Guide to Assessment of SS(new)
Optimization External
SS101 Radiation Intervention Criteria in a
Exposure for Nuclear or Radiation
Occupational Emergency
Protection SS109
SS(new)
Programmes for Post¬
Graduate Education
SS(new)
Operational Levels for
Control of
Intervention in a
Exposure to
Nuclear
Natural Radiation
Accident or Radiological
at Work
Emergency
SS(new)
SS81
Figure 1. Structure plan
