Radiation Carcinogenesis and DNA Alterations

596 Pages·1986·16.22 MB·English

by  R. E. Albert

Radiation Carcinogenesis
and DNA
Alterations
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
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which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
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Recent Volumes in this Series
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Volume 123-The Molecular Basis of B-Cell Differentiation and Function
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Volume 124-Radiation Carcinogenesis and DNA Alterations
edited by F. J. Burns, A. C. Upton, and G. Silini
Volume 125-Delivery Systems for Peptide Drugs
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Series A: Life Sciences
Radiation Carcinogenesis
and DNA
Alterations
Edited by
F. J. B u r n
S
and
A. C. Upton
New York University Medical Center
New York, New York
and
G. Silini
U.N. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
Vienna, Austria
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Radiation Carcinogenesis and DNA Alterations,
held October 7-20, 1984,
in Corfu, Greece
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Radiation Carcinogenesis and DNA Altera
tions (1984: Kerkyra, Corfu)
Radiation carcinogenesis and DNA alterations_
(NATO ASI series_ Series A, Life sciences; v. 124)
"Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Radiation Carcinogen
esis and DNA Alterations, held October 7-20,1984, in Corfu, Greece"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Tumors, Radiation-induced-Genetic aspects-Congresses. 2. Deoxyribo
nucleic acids-Effect of radiation on-Congresses. 3. Mutation (Biology)-Con
gresses. 4. Human chromosome abnormalities-Congresses. 1. Burns, F. J.
(Fredric J.) II. Upton, Arthur C., 1923- . III. Silini, G. IV. Title. V. Series.
[DNLM: 1. DNA-radiation effects-congresses. 2. Neoplasms, Radiation
Induced-congresses. QZ 200 N287r 1984]
RC268.55.N37 1984 616.99'4'071 87-2224
ISBN 978-1-4684-5271-6 ISBN 978-1-4684-5269-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-5269-3
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York 1986
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
AII rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
microfilm ing , recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume is based on the proceedings of an Advanced Study
Institute (ASI) sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) held October 1984 in Corfu, Greece. The meeting received finan
cial support from the United States Department of Energy and the United
States National Cancer Institute.
A plethora of recent developments in the molecular biology of DNA
are leading to new ideas concerning how DNA alterations might be
involved in the mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis. Evidence is
accumulating that genetic sequences, known as oncogenes, are involved in
the translation of DNA molecular alterations into phenotypic changes
associated with malignant cells.
For example, a chromosome break often occurs at or near the loca
tion of a specific oncogene in Burkitt's lymphoma. Such breaks could
represent initial lesions in a translocation process that activates the
oncogene by inserting it at a new location, eg., near an active pro
moter. Since breakage of the DNA is one of the principal ways that ion
izing radiation affects mammalian cells, these new molecular ideas sug
gest ways that radiation-induced DNA breaks might be involved as initial
events in carcinogenesis.
While the possible involvement of oncogenes in radiation carcino
genesis is an exciting new development, a direct sequential connection
between early molecular changes in DNA and later tumor development has
yet to be established. Accordingly, there is a tremendous need for
experimental studies of how DNA alterations might convert normal cells
to cancer cells.
One purpose of the Corfu meeting was to bring together people
working on the molecular biology of radiation-induced DNA damage with
others interested in the mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis. Parti
cipants at the meeting, as well as the designated faculty, were
encouraged to make informal presentations of their work, and many of
these are included in the current volume. The book is organized into
general subject areas, each containing a number of chapters. Within
each subject area, review chapters are located at the beginning, and the
research-type contributions are located closer to the end.
v
Pleasant memories of the meeting itself still linger, including
recollections of the excitement of productive discussions among people
with diverse interests and backgrounds. We hope that some of the
excitement has been captured in the contents of the current volume. The
editors warmly thank all contributors who so willingly shared their
knowledge and ideas. We also thank Mary Bader for typing the manuscript
in its entirety and Michael Snow for expertly applying the finishing
touches.
Fredric J. Burns
Arthur C. Upton
Giovanni Silini
September 1986
CONTENTS
CARCINOGENESIS IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS
1 • Follow-up Studies of Patients Treated by X-ray
Epilation for Tinea Capitis 1
R.E. Albert, R.E. Shore, N. Harley
and A. Omran
2. Tumour Induction in Experimental Animals after
Neutron and X-irradiation 27
J.J. Broerse
3. Dose-Response for Radiation-Induced Cancer in
Rat Skin 51
F.J. Burns and R.E. Albert
4. Experimental Radiation Carcinogenesis
G. Silini
5. Radiation Carcinogenesis and the Hair Follicle 107
I.P. Sinclair and F.J. Burns
6. Dose-Incidence Relations for Radiation Carci
nogenesis with Particular Reference to the
Effects of High-LET Radiation 115
A.C. Upton
7. Assessment of the Lung Cancer Risk from Radia
tion Exposures Due to Airtightening of Dwel
lings for Energy Conservation l39
W. Burkart
8. Carcinogenic Effects of Inhaled Radionuclides l47
R.O. McClellan, B.B. Boecker, F.F. Hahn,
B.A. Muggenburg and R.G. Cuddihy
TRANSFORMATION IN VITRO
9. Mechanisms of Radiation Transformation l55
J.B. Little
10. The Radiobiology of In Vitro Neoplastic
Transformation l63
J.B. Little
vii
11. Induction of Chromosome Aberrations and Malig
nant Transformation in Different Cell Lines by
Photons and Monoenergetic Neutrons 285
J. Zoet~lief, J.J. Broerse
and G.W. Barendsen
12. Radiation Induced Transformation in Primary
Differentiated Thyroid Cultures 209
C.B. Seymour and C. Mothersill
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
13. The Induction and Repair of Ultraviolet Light
Damage in Mammalian Cells 227
A.M. Rauth
14. Alterations in Benzo(a)pyrene Metabolism and
its DNA Adduct Formation in Skin of Mice
233
Chronicallly Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Radia
tion
H. Mukhtar, M. Das and D.R. Bickers
15. Immunosuppression by Ultraviolet Radiation;
Possible Role of Cis-urocanic Acid, a Product
243
of UV Irradiation
F.P. Noonan, E.C. DeFabo and H. Morrison
DNA STRAND BREAKS AND CHROMOSOME ALTERATIONS
16. DNA Damage and Chromosome Aberrations 245
K.H. Chadwick and H.P. Leenhouts
17. Chromosome Break-points, Somatic Mutation and
Oncogene Activation: Some Comments 265
K.H. Chadwick and H.P. Leenhouts
18. The Yield of Chromosomal Aberrations and its
Correlation with Other Biological Endpoints 277
H.P. Leenhouts and K.H. Chadwick
19. X-ray-Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks in
Polynucleosomes 293
F. Barone, M. Belli, E. Rongone, O. Sapora
and M.A. Tabocchini
20. Chemical Inhibition of the Repair of DNA Sin
gle Strand Breaks Produced by X- irradiation
or Hydrogen Peroxide in Cultured Mammalian
Cells 297
O. Cantoni and F. Cattabeni
21. Conjugated Dienes and TBA Reactive Material as
Components of Chromosome Breakage Factors 305
S.H. Khan and I. Emerit
viii
22. Conversion of Covalently Closed Circular DNA
into Circular and Linear DNA by Ionizing Radi
ation in the Presence and Absence of DNA
binding or Intercalating Drugs 313
P. Ohneseit and W. Kohnlein
23. How Soon After Irradiation Do Chromosome Aber
rations Form and Become Irreversible: A Direct
Analysis by Means of the Premature Chromosome
Condensation Technique 321
G.E. Pantelias, J. Wiencke and V. Afzal
24. Proquction by Radiation of DNA Double Strand
Breaks in Three Mammalian Cell Lines and Their
Repair in Fetal Human Fibroblasts 331
O. Sapora, A. Maggi and M. Quintiliani
MUTATIONS AND GENE EXPRESSION
25. The Role of Oncogenes in Multistage Carcino
genesis 339
K. Brown, M. Quintanilla, M. Ramsden and
A. Balmain
26. A Regulatory Sequence of Simian Virus 40 Is
Inactivated by UV-Induced Damage 353
T.C. Brown and P.A. Cerutti
27. Mechanisms of Spontaneous Mutagenesis: Impli
cations for Spontaneous Carcinogenesis 359
K.C. Smith and N.J. Sargentini
28. A Method for the Detection of Neo-antigens in
X-ray Induced Thymomas of C57BI/ 6 Mouse 373
A. Artus, B. Guillemain, E. Legrand, R.
Mamoun, T. Astier-Gin and J.F. Duplan
29. Visible Light Induced Killing and Mutation of
Acriflavine Sensitized Chinese Hamster Cells 381
T. Ganguly and S.B. Bhattacharjee
30. Oncogenes Activated in Radiation-Induced Rat
Skin Tumors
S.J. Garte, M~J. Sawey andF.J. Burns
31. Mutagenesis in Mammalian Germ Cells by Radia
tion or Nitrogen Mustard-A Comparative Study 399
L.S. Goldstein
32. Gene Amplification in Mammalian Cells After
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and UV 405
C. Lucke-Huhle and P. Herrlich
ix
33. Regulation of Gene Expression at the Transla
tional Level in Plant Embryo 413
A.S.N. Reddy, S. Gunnery and A. Datta
MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS IN DNA
34. Prooxidant States and Promotion 423
P.A. Cerutti
35. Molecular Aspects of DNA Damage and its Modif
425
ication
P. O'Neill and E.M. Fielden
36. 5-Hydroxymethyl Uracil: A Product of Ionizing
Radiation and Tritium Transmutation Formed in
DNA 439
K. Frenkel, A. Cummings and G.W. Teebor
37. Characterization of Two CHO Variants in
Respect to MNNG-Induced Cell Killing, Muta
447
tions, and Repair of Methylated DNA Bases
R. Goth-Goldstein and M. Hughes
38. Investigation of the Sensitivity of Oriented
453
¢X-174 DNA to Ionizing Radiation
P.D. McCormick and C. Swenberg
467
39. Radiosensitizers and Thymine Base Damage
J.F. Remsen
REPAIR OF DNA ALTERATIONS
40. Human Cancer-Prone Disorders, Abnormal Carcin
471
ogen Response and Defective DNA Metabolism
M.C.Paterson, M.V.Middlestadt, M. Weinfeld
R. Mirzayans and N.E. Gentner,
41. New DNA Repair Systems and New Insights on Old
499
Systems in Escherichia Coli
K.C. Smith, N.J. Sargentini, R.C. Sharma
and T.V. Wang
42. The Relationship of Defective Recognition of
5ll
DNA Damage to Cancer in Ataxia-telangiectasia
R.B. Painter
43. Multifunctional Repair Enzymes Excise Thymine
and Adenine Residues Damaged by Ionizing Radi 517
ation from DNA
L.H. Breimer
x