Table Of Content

QUESTIONS ON THE METAPHYSICS OF ARISTOTLE BY JOHN DUNS SCOTUS II BOOKS SIX-NINE Translated by Girard J. Etzkorn and Allan B. Wolter, O.F.M. Franciscan Institute Publications TEXT SERIES NO. 19 QUESTIONS ON THE METAPHYSICS OF ARISTOTLE BY JOHN DUNS SCOTUS II BOOKS SIX-NINE Translated by Girard J. Etzkorn and Allan B. Wolter, O.F.M. Franciscan Institute Publications St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure, New York 14778 1998 Copyright © 1998 The Franciscan Institute St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure, New York 14778 ISBN 1-57659-161-1 Cover art by Clairvaux McFarland, OSF Printed in the United States BookMasters, Inc. Mansfield, Ohio CONTENTS TO VOLUME II Editor’s Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Translators’ Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix BOOK SIX Question 1: Is the division of the sciences into physics, mathematics, and the divine sufficient?. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I. State of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 II. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Appendix II: Question 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Question 2: Can there be a science of a being per accidens?. . . . . 41 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 II. Solution to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Question 3: Is the true the object of metaphysics?. . . . . . . . . . . . 59 I. State of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 II. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 III. Solution to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 IV. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Question 4: Is metaphysics about being?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 BOOK SEVEN Question 1: Is inherence [in a substance] of the essence of an accident?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 I. Clarification of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 II. Reply to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 vi THE METAPHYSICS OF JOHN DUNS SCOTUS Question 2: Is substance of all beings first in the order of time?. . 97 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 II. Solution to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Question 3: Is substance the first of all beings known?. . . . . . . . 107 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 II. Reply to the Initial Argument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 III. The Solution of Scotus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Question 4: Is substance the first of all beings in definition?. . . . 111 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 II. Scotus’s Personal View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Question 5: Is matter a being?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Question 6: Is the form prior to the matter and the composite?. . 127 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Question 7: Is the quiddity the same thing as the subject that has it?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 II. Scotus’s Opinion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Question 8: Is matter generated per se?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Question 9: Is form generated per se?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Question 10: Is the compound in every genus generated per se and primarily?. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii I. Reply to Questions Eight and Nine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments for Question Eight. . . . . 149 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments for Question Nine. . . . . 149 IV. To the Tenth Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 V. Solution of the Tenth Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 VI. To the Principal Arguments of the Tenth Question. . . . 156 Question 11: Is the Philosopher’s argument against the ideas of Plato valid?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 II. Solution of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 IV. Another Response in Favor of the Opinion of Averroes. . 164 Question 12: In the matter of natural things is there some part of the form to be generated that actively cooperates in the generation of the composite?. . . 169 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 II. Can Seminal Reasons be Salvaged? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 III. Solution to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 IV. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Question 13: Is the stone of itself a ‘this’ or is it such only by something extrinsic?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 I. To the Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 II. The First Opinion: Individuation is by Something Positive other than the Nature . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 III. A Fourfold Refutation of this First Opinion of Per Accidens Individuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 IV. Special Arguments Against Each Theory. . . . . . . . . . . 199 V. Negative Theories of Individuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 VI. Scotus’s Positive Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 VII.Six Objections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 VIII. A Noteworthy Addition Regarding Individual Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 viii THE METAPHYSICS OF JOHN DUNS SCOTUS Question 14: Is the singular intelligible per se?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 II. To the Principal Arguments According to the View of Aquinas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 III. Against the Responses According to Aquinas’s View. . . . 249 Question 15: Is the singular intelligible to us per se?. . . . . . . . . . 253 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Question 16: In material things is matter a part of the quiddity of the thing?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 II. Solution of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Question 17: Does the difference that results from dividing the genus into what is below it include the difference of what is first divided?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 II. Solution to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 IV. Response to the Arguments of Thomas Aquinas.. . . . . . 287 Question 18: Is the universal something in things?. . . . . . . . . . . 289 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 II. The Opinion of Duns Scotus Himself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Question 19: Is the concept of the genus other than the concept of the difference?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 II. The View that Holds a Formal Distinction Between Genus and Difference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Question 20: Do the organic parts of animals have distinct forms that are specifically different?. . . . . . . . . . . 329 I. The First Opinion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 II. Second Opinion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 III. Scotus’s Solution to the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 IV. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 V. Reply to Arguments Against the First Opinion. . . . . . . 339 VI. To the Arguments for the Second Opinion. . . . . . . . . . 340 BOOK EIGHT Question 1: Is an accident a simple form or is it compounded from some things essentially diverse?. . . . . . . . . . . . 343 I. Body of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 II. Scotus’s Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 IV. Reply to the Arguments for the First Opinion. . . . . . . . 352 Question 2: Does a substance, namely a substantial form, admit of more or less?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Question 3: Is the accidental form susceptible of more or less according to essence?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 I. To the Initial Question Two. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 II. To Question Three. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 III. Solution to the Second Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 IV. To the Arguments of the First Position. . . . . . . . . . . 370 V. Reply to the Initial Arguments of the Third Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 VI. A Further Response to Both Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . 372 VII. Resolution of the Questions about the Reception of More and Less. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 VIII. Three Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Question 4: Does something that is “per se” one come from matter and form?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 I. First Opinion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 x THE METAPHYSICS OF JOHN DUNS SCOTUS II. The Opinion of Scotus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 III. Difficulties Regarding Certain Unions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 IV. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 BOOK NINE Question 1: Are act and potency mutually opposed?. . . . . . . . . . 455 Question 2: Are they opposed relatively?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 I. To the Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 II. Reply to the First Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 III. To the Second Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 IV. Reply to the Initial Arguments of the First Question. . . 475 V. Response to the Initial Arguments of the Second Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Question 3: Is the Philosopher’s division of potency as a principle adequate?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Question 4: Is active potency described well?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 I. To the Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 II. Solution to the Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Question 5: Does active or passive potency as naturally prior to the principatum include some relationship essentially?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 I. The View of Henry of Ghent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 II. Solution of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Question 6: Is active potency a characteristic of every being whatsoever?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 II. Solution of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 TABLE OF CONTENTS xi Question 7: Is the relation of active potency rooted immediately in substance?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Question 8: Can a quality of the first species be an active potency?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 II. Solution of the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 III. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Question 9: Could anything whatsoever be the term of an active potency?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Question 10: Is passive potency present in everything?. . . . . . . . 537 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Question 11: Can passive potency refer to any caused being whatsoever?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 III. Corollary: on the Divisions of Active Potency. . . . . . . . 544 Question 12: Is passive potency divided into natural and obediential?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 II. Reply to the Initial Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Question 13: Is passive potency divided into ex qua and in qua?. . 557 I. To the Question. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 II. A Complete Articulation of Potency: Epilogue of All the Questions on Potency. . . . . . . . . . . 560

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An English translation of the Latin critical edition of "B. Ioannis Duns Scoti: Quaestiones supr libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis, Libri I-IX", volumes III and IV of Scotus's "Opera Philosophica".The Latin critical edition contains all of the information pertaining to the critical apparatus, comple
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Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle by John Duns Scotus PDF

639 Pages·1998·6.69 MB·English
by  Girard J. Etzkorn
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An English translation of the Latin critical edition of "B. Ioannis Duns Scoti: Quaestiones supr libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis, Libri I-IX", volumes III and IV of Scotus's "Opera Philosophica".The Latin critical edition contains all of the information pertaining to the critical apparatus, comple

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