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QUEEN
ELIZABETH
II
AND THE
Royal Family
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SECOND EDITION
Senior Art Editor Senior Editors
Mahua Mandal Peter Frances, Dharini Ganesh CONTENTS
Managing Art Editors Editors
Sudakshina Basu, Michael Duffy Hannah Westlake, Ishita Jha
Picture Research Manager US Editor
Taiyaba Khatoon Megan Douglass
Senior Picture Researchers Managing Editors
Sumedha Chopra, Surya Sankash Sarangi Angeles Gavira, Rohan Sinha
Jacket Designer Production Manager
Tanya Mehrotra Pankaj Sharma
Senior Jacket Designer Design Development Manager
Suhita Dharamjit Sophia MTT
Senior DTP Designer Production Editor
Shanker Prasad Kavita Varma
DTP Designer Production Controller
Ashok Kumar Laura Andrews
Design Head Pre-production Manager
Malavika Talukder Balwant Singh
Art Director Editorial Head
Karen Self Glenda R. Fernandes
Associate Publishing Director Design Director
Liz Wheeler Phil Ormerod
Publishing Director
Jonathan Metcalf
THE BRITISH MONARCHY Britain’s Civil Wars 40
FIRST EDITION
DK UK Wars between royalists and parliamentarians
Senior Art Editors Senior Editor 400–1911 8 lead to the only period of republican rule in
Sharon Spencer, Amy Child Rob Houston
Design assistance Editors Britain’s history.
Alex Lloyd Constance Novis, Helen Fewster Introduction and Timeline 10
Managing Art Editor US Editor ■ THE RESTORATION 42
Michael Duffy Margaret Parrish The First English Kings 12
Jacket Editor Managing Editor ■ WINDSOR CASTLE 44
Claire Gell Angeles Gavira Guerrero From Alfred the Great onward, these early
Jacket Designer Producer, Pre-production monarchs fashion Anglo-Saxon and Norse The Hanoverians 48
Mark Cavanagh Francesca Wardell
Jacket Design Development Manager Producer kingdoms into a realm called England. The desire for a Protestant monarch leads
Sophia MTT Mary Slater the people to invite a royal relation from
Art Director Picture Researcher ■ THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY 14
Karen Self Sarah Smithies Germany to rule Britain.
Publishing Director Publisher The Normans 16
Jonathan Metcalf Liz Wheeler ■ QUEEN VICTORIA 50
Thanks to William the Conqueror’s victory at
DK DELHI Hastings, England gains a new foreign ruling Victoria becomes Queen 54
Art Editors Senior Editors class from Normandy. A young Victoria accedes to the throne
Shreya Anand, Upasana Sharma Sreshtha Bhattacharya, Anita Kakar on the death of her uncle, William IV.
Jacket Designer Editors The Plantagenets 20
Suhita Dharamjit Vibha Malhotra, Priyaneet Singh The longest-ruling royal house, the ■ OSBORNE 56
DTP Designers Managing Jackets Editor
Jaypal Chauhan, Nand Kishore Acharya Saloni Singh Plantagenets endure everything from the ■ THE GREAT EXHIBITION 58
Picture Researcher Production Manager
Sakshi Saluja Pankaj Sharma Black Death to the Hundred Years’ War.
Victoria after Albert 60
Pre-productioBnal wMaannt aSigneghr MRoahnana gSiinnhga Editor ■ THE PEASANTS’ REVOLT 22 Queen Victoria mourns the loss of her
Managing Art Editor
Sudakshina Basu Lancaster and York 24 beloved husband and trusted adviser,
Two warring families within the Plantagenets Prince Albert.
This American Edition, 2021
First American Edition, 2015 embark on a long period of civil strife as they ■ EMPRESS OF INDIA 62
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 fight bitterly for the throne of England.
From Empire
Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited ■ THE WARS OF THE ROSES 26
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC to Commonwealth 64
21 22 23 24 25 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–323124–June/2021 The Tudors 28 The dominions of Britain’s vast empire
All rights reserved. The first modern royal dynasty, the Tudors gradually gain some self-determination.
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this try to assume control of the Church and
publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, Victoria’s Jubilees 66
or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, send the kingdom hurtling between
photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written The public rediscovers its love of the Queen
permission of the copyright owner. Protestantism and Catholicism.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. as the people help her celebrate first 50,
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ■ ELIZABETH I 32 then 60 years on the throne.
ISBN 978-0-7440-3474-5
Monarchs of Scotland 34 ■ THE CROWN JEWELS 68
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions,
premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: A series of dynamic and ambitious
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 ■ END OF AN ERA 70
[email protected] monarchs forges Scotland into a nation.
This book was made with Forest Stewardship ■ HOLYROODHOUSE 36 ■ EDWARD VII 72
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For more information go to
Under the Stuarts, the role of the sovereign
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Printed and bound in China
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THE HOUSE OF WINDSOR The Royal Family ELIZABETH II The Coronation 140
1911–1947 74 in World War II 102 1947–1960 116 A global audience tunes in to an event
Following his father’s example in World that combines tradition, reverent
Introduction and Timeline 76 War I, George VI takes on the task of Introduction and Timeline 118 solemnity, and genuine joy.
■ GEORGE V 78 boosting the nation’s morale. The Wedding of ■ THE CORONATION CEREMONY 142
The Royals in Wartime 80 Elizabeth’s Teenage Years 106 Elizabeth and Philip 120 ■ CORONATION DRESS 144
The Royal Family finds itself the focus for War breaks out when Princess Elizabeth Amid the gray austerity of postwar Britain,
■ SANDRINGHAM 146
national unity and patriotism during the is 13 years old. In a foreshadowing of her the wedding of Princess Elizabeth to Philip
deadliest conflict in the country’s history. future role, she addresses the country’s Mountbatten offers a flash of color. The Queen as
■ BUCKINGHAM PALACE 84 children on the radio. ■ CLARENCE HOUSE 122 Head of the Church 150
■ FAMILY PETS 108 ■ THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH 124 The Queen takes on her role as head of the
■ THE FIRST KING’S SPEECH 88 Anglican Church worldwide and commits
■ QUEEN ELIZABETH, THE
■ EDWARD VIII 90 QUEEN MOTHER 110 WThiteh inB iar tyheasr ooff tChehira mrlaersri aagne,d P rAinncenses 126 to ensure freedom to worship for all.
Travel and State Visits 152
Edward VIII’s Abdication 92 ■ THE FIRST TOUR IN AFRICA 112 Elizabeth and Prince Philip celebrate the Elizabeth II embarks on a grueling tour of
The burden of the monarchy sits heavily on arrival of their first son.
Elizabeth and Philip 114 Commonwealth countries within a year of
the shoulders of the new king, and he gives
The young princess meets an exuberant and ■ ELIZABETH II, THE EARLY YEARS 130 her coronation. During her entire reign, she
up the throne to marry the woman he loves.
outspoken exiled Greek prince. The Royal Elizabeth becomes Queen 132 maintains a busy regime of overseas visits.
The Unexpected King 94
Family warms to him and Elizabeth and The unexpected death of her father propels Margaret’s Doomed Romance 154
Although unprepared to be king, George VI
Philip are engaged to be married. Elizabeth to the throne at the age of 25. Princess Margaret is forced to choose
discharges his duties unflinchingly at the
most difficult of times, as Britain is again The Queen in between her life in the Royal Family and
her love for a divorcee, Peter Townsend.
drawn into world war. Parliament and Politics 134
■ GEORGE VI 96 The Queen opens Parliament for the first ■ THE FIRST TELEVISED
time and takes on her role in politics. CHRISTMAS MESSAGE 156
Elizabeth and
Margaret’s Childhood 98 ■ CARRIAGES AND COACHES 136
As Princess Elizabeth is born to the Duke
and Duchess of York, she is third in line to
the throne. When her father is crowned
King George VI, she is 11 years old.
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QUEEN AND MOTHER ■ PRINCESS ANNE’S EQUESTRIAN QUEEN AND The Queen’s 60th birthday 224
1960–1980 158 CAREER 186 GRANDMOTHER Queen Elizabeth II marks another milestone
greeting the crowds and collecting daffodils
Introduction and Timeline 160 ■ PRINCESS MARGARET 188 1980–2000 196 on a rainy day at Buckingham Palace.
The Childhood of the Princes ■ ST. JAMES’S PALACE 190 Introduction and Timeline 198 ■ DIANA’S DRESSES 228
and Princess 162 The Assassination of Lord The Marriage of Charles Charles and Diana Divorce 230
The education and early years of Queen Mountbatten 192 and Diana 200 A royal soap opera unfolds when the
Elizabeth’s four children, and how their The Irish Republican Army strikes at the The world is invited to the fairy-tale Prince and Princess of Wales become
schooling shaped their personalities. heart of the British establishment with royal wedding at St. Paul’s Cathedral in publicly estranged.
the murder of the Queen’s cousin. London through the magic of television.
■ THE PRINCE OF WALES 166 The Annus Horribilis 234
■ THE LAUNCH OF THE QE2 168 The Decolonization of Africa ■ VISITING THE VATICAN 202 A devastating fire at Windsor Castle
and the Caribbean 194 ■ COMMEMORATIVE STAMPS 204 caps a turbulent year for the monarchy
Charles is Invested as the Dismantling the British Empire creates but ushers in an era of financial change.
Prince of Wales 170 new international bonds when the ■ DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES 206
■ BUCKINGHAM PALACE OPENS
An ancient ceremony is updated for the Commonwealth of Nations is formed. The Caring Princess 208
TO THE PUBLIC 236
television age, as Prince Charles pledges Diana’s easy nature and empathy wins
his loyalty to the Queen as Prince of Wales. hearts and raises cash for charities, as Wartime Anniversaries 238
■ ROYAL FAMILY 172 the role of Royal Patron evolves. World leaders and royalty gather
to commemorate acts of valor from
■ THE PRINCESS ROYAL 174 ■ KENSINGTON PALACE 212 past conflicts.
■ THE ROYAL TOUR 176 ■ PRINCE ANDREW IN THE ■ DIANA: A STAR IS BORN 240
FALKLANDS 216
The Prince’s Trust 180 The Death of Diana 242
How a radio interview inspired Prince ■ THE DUKE OF YORK 218 Tragedy strikes, and the nation reacts
Charles to found his personal charity, The Marriage of Andrew with an unparalleled outpouring of grief.
and help thousands of young people.
and Sarah 222 ■ FAREWELL TO DIANA 244
The Silver Jubilee 182 The nation celebrates the wedding of
■ BALMORAL CASTLE 246
National and international celebrations a popular modern couple and relations
mark Queen Elizabeth II’s 25 years on with the media undergo dramatic change. ■ THE EARL OF WESSEX 250
the throne.
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TODAY’S ROYAL FAMILY ■ PRINCE HARRY 288 CONSULTANT
2000–PRESENT 252 Harry in the Army 290 Joe Little has been managing editor of Majesty magazine for 17 years. He has
Prince Harry’s decade of military service,
Introduction and Timeline 254 traveled extensively reporting on royal tours since his first overseas assignment
including life on the frontline in Afghanistan.
covering Queen Elizabeth II’s historic state visit to Russia in 1994. He was also in
The Duchy of Cornwall 256
The Marriage of Harry Ireland in 2011 to witness the warmth of the welcome for the Queen and Prince
How Prince Charles funds public, private,
and Meghan 292 Philip. On many of the big royal occasions Joe assists the BBC in an advisory
and charitable activities through successful
Harry and Meghan marry amid increasing capacity; among the projects he has been involved with were the wedding of the
management of the Duchy estate.
strain from an intrusive media. Prince of Wales to Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005, the Queen’s 80th birthday
Two Royal Farewells 258
Royal Ambassadors 294 celebrations in the following year, Prince William and Catherine Middleton’s
The Royal Family mourns the deaths
Younger royals step up to fill the Queen’s nuptials and, most recently, Trooping the Colour.
of the Queen Mother and Princess Margaret.
shoes and become ambassadors for Britain.
The Golden Jubilee 260
The Queen’s Grandchildren 296 AUTHORS
A national and international party starts
Queen Elizabeth’s relationship with Susan Kennedy formerly worked in publishing as an editor of encyclopedias and historical
to celebrate Queen Elizabeth’s 50th year
her children’s children. atlases. She has contributed to more than 15 books for adults and younger readers, and has a
on the throne.
particular interest in history and modern culture.
■ ELIZABETH II, THE LATER YEARS 298
■ BACK TO SCHOOL 262
■ THE INVICTUS GAMES 300 Stewart Ross is a teacher, lecturer, and prize-winning author of historical books for adults and
The Marriage of Charles
students. His books on British kings and queens include The British Monarchy From Henry VIII,
and Camilla 264 The Queen as Patron 302 Monarchs of Scotland, and The Stewart Dynasty.
A campaign to win over public support for How the Queen supports more
Camilla comes to fruition with her marriage than 600 charitable causes. R. G. Grant is a history writer who has published more than 30 books, many of them dealing with
aspects of military conflict. He has written on the American Revolution, World War I, World War II,
to Charles in 2005. The Royal Working Life 306
and the Vietnam War. He is author of DK’s Battle, Flight, Battle at Sea, and Soldier.
■ THE DIAMOND WEDDING 266 Queen Elizabeth’s dedication to duty,
and a typical day at the office. Joel Levy is an author and journalist with broad experience in writing about the past. Among
■ THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE 268
his many books on history are the titles History’s Worst Battles, History’s Greatest Discoveries, and
The Queen’s 90th
■ STATE VISIT TO IRELAND 270 DK’s History Year by Year.
Birthday Celebrations 310
The Pilot Prince 272 As the Queen turns 90, the special Ros Belford is the author of numerous travel titles for DK, which combine her interest in history,
Prince William takes to the skies as events begin at Windsor. geography, and biography with a love of travel. She is particularly interested in tracing the history
his career takes off, flying military of women—from ancient matriarchs to contemporary monarchs.
■ THANKSGIVING SERVICE
and civilian helicopters.
AT ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL 312
The Wedding of William
The Queen’s Official
and Catherine 274
90th Birthday 314
Huge celebrations follow the marriage of
A weekend of official celebrations climaxes
the new Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.
with the Patron’s Lunch on the Mall.
■ ROYAL MEMORABILIA 276
Elizabeth’s Long Reign 318
■ THE DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE 278 How the world has changed during
The Diamond Jubilee 282 the Queen’s record-breaking reign.
Spectacular shows mark the 60th year
INDEX 322
of the Queen’s reign.
■ OPENING THE OLYMPICS 284 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 327
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THE BRITISH
MONARCHY
400–1911
Gold coin of Elizabeth I picturing
a galleon and a Tudor rose
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400–1911
THE BRITISH MONARCHY
400–1911
400 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
410 1100 1215 1314 1415
Rome abandons Accession of Henry I, King John puts his seal to the Scotland’s Robert I (the Henry V startles Europe
Britain; Romano- who unites England Magna Carta, placing the Bruce) crushes the English with a remarkable
Britons must now and Normandy. crown beneath the law. army of Edward II at victory over the French
defend themselves Bannockburn. at Agincourt, paving
against Anglo-Saxon the way for his son
invaders as best to be claimed King
they can. of France.
597 1135 1337
St. Augustine arrives in the After crown left Edward III attacks
Kingdom of Kent with to Queen Matilda, France, launching the
a mission to convert daughter of Henry I, series of conflicts
the southern English Cnut the Great Barons revolt in favor known as the
to Christianity. of King Stephen. Hundred Years’ War.
793 1016
Viking assaults on the On death of King
English mainland begin. Ethelred the Unready,
Cnut becomes first Norse The final version
of the Magna Carta,
King of England. issued in 1225
1018 1154 Henry V of England
Malcolm II, King of Accession of Henry II,
Scots, establishes his the first Plantagenet
southern frontier king, whose wife,
on the Tweed River. Eleanor, brings him
vast lands in France.
1042 1265
Anglo-Saxon royal Simon de Montfort invites
line returns with “common” people to meet
accession of Edward at the same time as Lords—
the Confessor. the first Parliament.
1066 1170 1272 1381 1455
After slaying King Harold Discord between the Accession of Edward I, Boy-king Richard II Ineffective and incompetent
at Hastings, William Duke Church and State leads to “Hammer of the Scots,” faces off with rebels government of Henry VI
of Normandy takes the the murder of Archbishop whose son will become in the Peasants’ Revolt leads to outbreak of conflict
English crown. Thomas Becket in first Prince of Wales. that followed labor known as Wars of the Roses
Canterbury Cathedral. shortages caused by between the houses of York
the Black Death. and Lancaster.
1189
Crusading and chivalrous
1086
hero Richard I, Lionheart,
Results of survey of 1461
The Alfred the realm are presented takes the crown. Edward of York becomes
jewel, late 9th
century in the Domesday Book. King Edward IV.
871 1290 1399 1485
Accession of Alfred to Death of Margaret “Maid of Position of crown Yorkist King Richard III
throne of Wessex, the Norway” leaves Scottish throne seriously undermined is killed at the Battle of
only English kingdom vacant; Edward I asked to when Richard II is Bosworth, and Henry
not in Viking hands. adjudicate, leading to the deposed and murdered Tudor accedes to the
Scottish Wars of Independence. by his cousin, Henry throne as Henry VII.
Bolingbroke, who
973 becomes Henry IV.
Coronation of Edgar as
King of the English lays
foundations of modern Facsimile copy of
the Domesday Book
coronation ceremony.
10
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