Quark-Gluon Plasma and Heavy Ion Collisions: A Meeting Held in the Framework of the Activities of the Giselda the Italian Working Group on Strong Interactions

326 Pages·2003·14.01 MB·English

by  Meeting Quark Gluon Plasma and Heavy Ion Collisions

QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
and
HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
A meeting held in the framework of the activities of
Jiselda)
the Italian Working Group on Strong Interactions
Editors
Wanda Maria Alberico, Marzia Nardi
& Maria-Paola Lombardo
QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
and
HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
This page is intentionally left blank
QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
and
HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
A meeting held in the framework of the activities of
%Jftseldaj
)
the Italian Working Group on Strong Interactions
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN
Frascati, Italy 14-18 January 2002
Editors
Wanda Maria Alberico & Marzia Nardi
University of Torino and INFN, Torino
Maria-Paola Lombardo
INFN, Padova
V fe World Scientific
wb NNeeww J Jeerrsseeyy ' L'Loonnddoonn •• S Sininggaappoorree • • Hong Kong
Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
QUARK-GLUON PLASMA AND HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
Copyright © 2002 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
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ISBN 981-238-174-0
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Printed in Singapore by Mainland Press
V
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Quark liberation
N. Cabibbo 1
Physics perspectives of the ALICE experiment at the large hadron
collider
L. Riccati and M. Masera 4
Hard probes of matter in QCD
H. Satz 19
Phenomenology of heavy ion collisions and observables 29
Heavy ion collision phenomenology I: soft observables
F. Becattini 31
Heavy ion collision phenomenology II: hard probes
M. Nardi 47
Topical talks
Non-conventional statistical effects in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
W.M. Alberico, A. Lavagno and P. Quarati 59
Strangeness production in a constituent quark model
F. Becattini and G. Pettini 65
Double parton collisions in NN and NA interactions
A. Del Fabbro and D. Treleani 71
Sequential charmonium suppression
S. Fortunato 77
VI
Inclusive distributions and collective phenomena in heavy ion
collisions
R. Ugoccioni 84
Many-body theories and the nuclear equation of state 91
Randomness in nuclei and in the quark-gluon plasma
A. De Pace and A. Molinari 93
Quantum Monte Carlo and nuclear astrophysics
S. Fantoni, A. Sarsa and K. Schmidt 117
Is the equation of state of strongly interacting matter observable?
0. Benhar 136
Isospin effects at finite baryon density
M. Di Toro, M. Colonna, V. Greco and F. Matera 152
Semiclassical description of the quark-gluon plasma
S. Terranova, A. Bonasera, M. Colonna and T. Maruyama 170
Topical talks
The relevance of the deconnned phase for the mass of neutron stars
M. Baldo 179
Mixed quark-hadron phase in neutron-rich matter
A. Drago and A. Lavagno 186
Spin-polarized states of nuclear matter
W. Zuo, U. Lombardo and C. W. Shen 192
The QCD phase diagram 199
An introduction to QCD at non-zero temperature and density
M.-P. Lombardo 201
VII
Effective fields in dense quantum chromodynamics
G. Nardulli 216
Aspects of the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram
F. Sannino 233
The U(l) axial symmetry and the chiral transition in QCD
E. Meggiolaro 249
Mechanisms of confinement
L. Del Debbio 259
Topical talks
Vector spectrum and color screening in two-color QCD at non-zero T
and ii
B. Alles, M. D'Elia, M.-P. Lombardo and M. Pepe 271
Study of confinement using the Schroedinger functional
P. Cea and L. Cosmai 280
Imaginary chemical potential in QCD at finite temperature
M. D'Elia and M.-P. Lombardo 286
Effective description of the LOFF phase of QCD
M. Mannarelli 294
Deconfinement transition and high temperature phase in lattice
gauge theories
A. Papa 300
Vector condensation at large chemical potential
F. Sannino and W. Schafer 308
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IX
PREFACE
In recent years many efforts have been devoted to the search for the Quark
Gluon Plasma, a new, deconfined phase of hadronic matter, through ultra-
relativistic heavy ion collisions. In 1986 the Alternate Gradient Synchrotron
in Brookhaven started accelerating nuclei, thus beginning the Era of high
energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. Since then, many experiments developed,
with increasing luminosity and energy of the ion beams: the Large Hadron
Collider, expected to be completed by 2007 at CERN will allow to study
Pb-Pb collisions at y/s ~ 5.5 TeV/nucleon.
Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions offer a unique possibility to investi
gate nuclear matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density in
laboratory. This issue poses an extraordinary challenge to theoretical physi
cists as well, both in the field theory approaches and in the phenomenological
analysis of the observables.
Within this framework, the Meeting "Quark Gluon Plasma and Heavy
Ion Collisions", held in Frascati (Italy) in January 2002, has been conceived
to bring together the most recent expertise on the behaviour of strong inter
acting systems in various thermo-dynamical conditions : topics included field
theoretic approaches to the QCD phase diagram, many-body techniques and
applications, dynamics of phase transitions and phenomenological analysis of
relativistic heavy ion collisions, offering a few examples of how the seeds of
the deconfined state are looked for in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
A common basis for future work was offered by several pedagogical talks,
appropriately complemented by topical seminars on the most recent develop
ments. This material is collected here, with the purpose and hope that the
book will represent a useful tool both as a textbook, suitable for beginners in
the field, as well as a reference source for experienced researchers.
We choose to arrange the material into three chapters, corresponding to
the main research fields and perspectives from which the Quark Gluon Plasma
can be investigated, the distinction among them being mostly methodological:
1. Phenomenology of heavy ion collisions and observables.
2. Many body theories and nuclear physics perspectives.
3. Field theoretic approaches.
A short introduction given at the beginning of each chapter offers a quick
overview of the scientific contents, and (tries to) put it in the general per
spective of the book. Once more, there is no pretense of being exhaustive: