Quantum Well Intersubband Transition Physics and Devices

572 Pages·1994·44.76 MB·English

by  B. F. Levine

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SeriesE: AppliedSciences-Vol.270
Quantum Wellintersubband
Transition Physics and Devices
edited by
H.C.Liu
Institute for Microstructural Sciences,
National Research Council,
Ottawa, Dnlario, Canada
B. F.L evine
AT&T Beii laboratories,
Murray HiII, New Jersey, U.S.A.
aod
J. Y. Andersson
Industrial Mieroelectronic Center,
Kista, Sweden
Springer-Science+Business Media, a.v.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Quantum Well Intersubband Transition Physics and Devices
Whistler, Canada
September 7-10,1993
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-4501-8 ISBN 978-94-011-1144-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1144-7
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
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permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface xi
DetectorApplications
Random ScatteringOpticalCouplersfor QuantumWellInfraredPhotodetectors I
B. F. Levine, G. Sarusi, S.1. Pearton,K. M. S. Bandara, andR. E. Leibenguth
PerformanceofGratingCoupledAlGaAs/GaAsQuantumWellInfraredDetectorsand
DetectorArrays 13
1. Y. Andersson, L. Lundqvist, 1. Borglind, andD. Haga
NovelGratingCoupledandNormalIncidenceIII-VQuantumWellInfrared
PhotodetectorswithBackgroundLimitedPerformanceat77K 29
S. S. LiandY. H. Wang
BackgroundLimited 128xl28GaAsiAlGaAsMultipleQuantumWell InfraredFocal
Plane Arrays 43
L. 1. Kozlowski
ImagingPerformanceofLWIRMiniband TransportMultipleQuantumWell Infrared
FocalPlaneArrays 55
W. A. Beck,1. W. Little, A. C. Goldberg, and T. S. Faska
ModeledPerformanceofMultipleQuantumWellInfraredDetectorsinIRSensor
Systems 69
R. L. Whitney, F. W. Adams, andK. F. Cuff
GaAs/AlGaAsQWIPsvs. HgCdTePhotodetectorsforLWIRApplications 87
A. Rogalski
DetectorPhysics
ThePhysicsofEmission-RecombinationinMultiquantumWell Structures 97
E. Rosencher, F. Luc, L. Thibaudeau,B. Vinter, andPh. Bois
PhysicsofSingleQuantumWellInfraredPhotodetectors 111
K. M. S. V. Bandara,B. F. Levine, G. Sarusi,R. E. Leibenguth, M. T. Asom, and
1. M.Kuo
vi
AThree-colorVoltageTunableQuantumWellIntersubbandPhotodetectorforLong
WavelengthInfrared 123
H. C. Liu,1.Li, Z. R. Wasilewski,M. Buchanan, P. H. Wilson, M. Lamm, and
1. G. Simmons
Multi A.ControlledOperationofQuantumWellIRDetectorsUsingElectricField
SwitchingandRearrangement 135
A. Shakouri, I. Grave, Y. Xu, and A. Yariv
InfraredHot-ElectronTransistorDesignOptimization 151
K. K. Choi,M. Z. Tidrow,M. Taysing-Lara, andW. H. Chang
16 /lm InfraredHotElectronTransistor 167
S. D. Gunapala,1. K. Liu,1. S. Park, and T. L. Lin
LongWavelength A.c=18/lmInfraredHotElectronTransistor 177
C. Y. Lee,M. Z. Tidrow,K. K. Choi,W. Chang, L. F. Eastman
ANovelTransportMechanismforPhotovoltaicQuantumWellIntersubbandInfrared
Detectors 187
H. Schneider, S. Ehret,E. C. Larkins, J. D. Ralston, andP. Koidl
Intersubband Stark-LadderTransitionsinMiniband-TransportQuantum-WellInfrared
Detectors 197
1. W. LittleandF. 1. Towner
C02-LaserHeterodyneDetectionwithGaAsiAlGaAsMQW Structures 207
E. R. Brown,K. A. McIntosh,K. B. Nichols, F. W. Smith, andM. 1.Manfra
Intersubband TransitionExperimental
IntersubbandAbsorptionin n-Type Si and GeQuantumWells 221
K. L. Wang, C. Lee, and S. K. Chun
IntersubbandTransitionsin p-Type SiGe/SiQuantumWellsforNormalIncidence
Infrared Detection '" 237
R. P. G. Karunasiri
LargeEnergyIntersubbandTransitionsinHighIndiumContentInGaAsiAlGaAs
QuantumWells 251
H. C. Chui,E. L. Martinet,M. M. Fejer, and1. S. Harris, Jr.
vii
ApplicationsofHighIndiumContentInGaAs/A1GaAsQuantumWellsinthe 2-711m
Regime 261
E. L. Martinet,B. 1. Vartanian, G. L. Woods, H. C. Chui,1. S. Harris, Jr.,
M. M. Fejer, B.A. Richman, and C. A. Rella
SpectroscopyofNarrowMinibandsin theContinuumofMultiQuantumWells 275
D. Gershoni, R. Duer,1. Oiknine-Schlesinger,E. Ehrenfreund, D. Ritter, R. A. Hamm,
J.M. Vandenberg, and S-N. G. Chu
Intersubband Absorption in StronglyCoupled Superlattices: MinibandDispersion,
CriticalPoints, and OscillatorStrengths 291
M. Helm, W. Hilber, T. Fromherz, F. M. Peeters,1. Alavi, andR. N. Pathak
ElectronicQuarter-WaveStacksandBraggReflectors: PhysicsofLocalized
ContinuumStatesinQuantum SemiconductorStructures 301
C. Sirtori,F. Capasso,1. Faist,D. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho
Modulationofthe OpticalAbsorptionbyElectric-Field-Induced Quantum
InterferenceinCoupled QuantumWells 313
1.Faist,F. Capasso, A. L. Hutchinson, L. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, D. L. Sivco, and
A. y.Cho
PhaseRetardationand InducedBirefringenceRelated to IntersubbandTransitionsin
MultipleQuantumWell Structures 321
A. Sa'arandD. Kaufman
TheInteractionofPhotoexcited e-hPairswithaTwoDimensionalElectronGas
Studied by Intersubband Spectroscopy 331
Y. Gami, E. Cohen,E. Ehrenfreund,D. Gershoni, A. Ron, E. Linder, L. N. Pfeiffer,
K-K. Law, 1. L. Merz, and A. C. Gossard
PhotoinducedIntersubband Transitionsin GaAs/A1GaAs AsymmetricCoupled
QuantumWells 345
F. H. Julien, P. Vagos, P. Boucaud,L. Wu, andR. Planel
FarInfrared SpectroscopyofIntersubbandTransitionsinMultipleQuantumWell
Structures 361
W. 1.Li andB. D. McCombe
ObservationofIntersubbandTransitionsinAsymmetrico-Doped GaAs, InSb, and
InAsStructures 371
C. C. Phillips,H. L. Vaghjiani,E. A. Johnson, P. 1. P. Tang,R. A. Stradling,
J. J. Harris, M. J. Kane
viii
IntersubbandTransitionTheory
EffectsofCouplingonIntersubbandTransitions 379
J.M.Xu
OnSomePeculiaritiesofIntersubbandAbsorptionin SemiconductorQuantumWells ..389
Z. IkonicandV. Milanovic
TheRelativeStrengthsofInterbandand IntersubbandOpticalTransitions: Breakdown
oftheAtomicDipoleApproximationforInterbandTransitions 399
M. G. Burt
OpticalTransitionsandEnergyLevelOrderingforQuantumConfinedImpurities .403
S. R. Pariharand S. A. Lyon
SubbandStructuresofSuperlatticesunderStrongIn-PlaneMagneticFields .411
W. Tan,1. C. Inkson, andG. P. Srivastava
IntersubbandRelaxation
TemperatureDependentIntersubbandDynamicsinn-ModulationDopedQuantum
Well Structures .421
A. Seimeier,U. Plodereder,1.Baier, and G. Weimann
UltrafastDynamicsofElectronicCaptureandIntersubbandRelaxation inGaAs
QuantumWell .433
D. Morris,B. Deveaud, A. Regreny, andP. Auvray
Structure-DependentElectron-PhononInteractions 443
B. K. Ridley
NonlinearPhenomena
SecondHarmonicGenerationinp-TypeQuantumWells .457
Z. Xu, P. M. Fauchet,G. W. Wicks, M. 1. Shaw,M. Jaros,B. Richman, and C. Rella
ResonantHarmonicGenerationNear 100J..LminanAsymmetricDoubleQuantum
Well 467
1. N. Heyman,K. Craig,M.. S. Sherwin,K. Campman,P. F. Hopkins, S. Fafard, and
A. C. Gossard
ix
SecondHarmonicGenerationinGaAs-AlAsand Si-SiGeQuantumWell
Structures .477
E. Corbin,M. 1. Shaw,K. B. Wong, andM. Jaros
Non-ResonantTwo-PhotonAbsorptioninQuantumWellInfraredDetectors .493
E. Dupont, P. B. Corkum,P. W. Dooley,H. C. Liu,P. H. Wilson, M. Lamm,
M. Buchanan, andZ. R. Wasilewski
OpticalSaturationofIntersubbandTransitions 501
L. C. Westand C. W. Roberts
NovelPhenomena
UseofClassicallyFreeQuasibound Statesfor InfraredEmission 511
L. C. West, C. W. Roberts, 1.Dunkel,M. T. Asom, G. N. Henderson, T. K. Gaylord,
E. Anemogiannis, andE. N. Glytsis
EvidenceforLWIREmissionUsingIntersubbandTransitionsinGaAs/AlGaAsMQW
Structures 525
A. G. U. Perera
FastDataCodingUsingModulationofInterbandOpticalPropertiesbyIntersubband
AbsorptioninQuantumWells 533
V. B. Gorfinkel and S. Luryi
TheoryofTerahertzGenerationdueto QuantumBeatsinQuantumWells 547
S. L. ChuangandM. S. C. Luo
Far-Infrared Studyofan Antenna-Coupled QuantumPointContact 553
Q. Hu,R. A. Wyss, C. C. Eugster, 1. A. del Alamo, and S. Feng
ControlofElectronPopulationbyIntersubband OpticalExcitationinaNovel
Asymmetric DoubleQuantumWell Structure 565
H. Sugawara,H. Akiyama, Y. Kadoya, A. Lorke, S. Tsujino, T. Matsusue, and
H. Sakaki
Index 575
PREFACE
ThisbookcontainspaperspresentedattheNATO AdvancedResearchWorkshopon
"QuantumWellIntersubbandTransitionPhysicsandDevices" heldon7-10 September
1993 inWhistler, Canada.
Intersubbandtransitionsinquantumwellshaveattracted tremendousattentioninthepast
fewyears, mainlyduetothepromiseofvariousapplicationsinthemid-andfar-infrared
regions(2-20llm). Aliteraturesearchresult isgiveninthefigure below, whichshowsthe
steadygrowthofinterestin thetopic.
Papers on Intersubband Transitions in
Semiconductors
- 250
200
.0..
~
150
ell ell
~ Q.
E IV 100
::l Q.
Z 50
0
87 88 89 90 91 92 93
Year
Paperspresented intheworkshopcovermanyaspectsoftheintersubbandtransitions. We
havegroupedtheminsevencategoriesaccordingtotheirmainemphases. Thegrouping,
inseveral cases, issomewhatarbitrary. Manypapersare onthebasiclinearintersubband
transitionprocesses, detectorphysics, and detectorapplications. Thisreflectsthecurrent
statusofunderstandingandofdetectorapplications. Indeed, highlyuniformlargefocal
planearrayshavebeendemonstrated inseverallaboratories. Withthe improvementof
performance, detectorsand arraysshouldfind manypractical applications. Otherareasof
applicationsarestill intheirearlystages, whichincludeinfrared modulation, harmonic
generation, and emission. Undoubtedly, theseareaswillexpandin thecomingyears.
Webelievethatall theparticipantswouldagreethattheworkshop hasbeenasuccess:
papersareofhighquality, discussionswerelively, and conferencesitewasan excellent
choice.
xi