Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 7052
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
Dawei Song Massimo Melucci
Ingo Frommholz Peng Zhang Lei Wang
Sachi Arafat (Eds.)
Quantum Interaction
5th International Symposium, QI 2011
Aberdeen, UK, June 26-29, 2011
Revised Selected Papers
1 3
VolumeEditors
DaweiSong
PengZhang
LeiWang
TheRobertGordonUniversity
SchoolofComputing,Aberdeen,AB251HG,UK
E-mail:{d.song,p.zhang1,l.wang4}@rgu.ac.uk
MassimoMelucci
UniversityofPadua,DepartmentofInformationEngineering
ViaGradenigo,6/B
35131Padova,Italy
E-mail:[email protected]
IngoFrommholz
UniversityofBedfordshire
ParkSquare,LutonLU13JU,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
SachiArafat
UniversityofGlasgow,SchoolofComputingScience
18LilybankGardens,GlasgowG128QQ,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-24970-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-24971-6
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-24971-6
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011939478
CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.1,F.2.1-2,F.4.1,I.2,I.6,I.5,H.3
LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,
initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable
toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,
evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws
andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
Quantum Interaction (QI) based on Quantum Theory (QT) is being applied to
domainssuchasartificialintelligence,humanlanguage,cognition,informationre-
trieval,biology,politicalscience,economics,organizationsandsocialinteraction.
After the highly successful previous meetings (QI 2007 in Stanford, QI 2008
in Oxford, QI 2009 in Saarbru¨cken, QI 2010 in Washington DC), the Fifth In-
ternationalQuantumInteractionSymposium(QI2011)tookplaceinAberdeen,
UK from 26 to 29 June 2011. This symposium brought together researchers in-
terested in how QT interfaces with or solvesproblems in non-quantumdomains
moreefficiently.ItalsolookedathowQTcanaddresspreviouslyunsolvedprob-
lems in other fields.
QI 2011received30 submissions.All contributions were reviewedby at least
threereviewers.Thepaperswererankedaccordingtotheirrelevance,originality,
quality, presentation, and citations in order to decide which submissions were
to be accepted as full papers, short papers, or posters. In total 11 full papers, 8
short papers and 6 posters were accepted for presentation at the conference.
These post-conference proceedings include the 23 accepted papers/posters
that were presented and revised based on the reviewers’ comments and the dis-
cussions at the symposium. They have been categorized into six main themes
(sessions): language;semantic spaces; economics, politics and decision; psychol-
ogy and cognition; information representation and retrieval; and computation
and information.
WewouldliketothanktheSteeringCommittee,ourinvitedspeakerChristo-
pher Fuchs, the tutorial instructors, all the authors who submitted their work
for consideration,all the participants, and the student helpers for their support
andcontribution;andthemembersoftheProgramCommitteefortheireffortin
providingusefulandtimelyreviews.OurgratefulthanksarealsoduetoIbrahim
Adeyanju (local organization), Alvaro Francisco Huertas Rosero (graphical de-
sign), David Young (website design and maintenance), Steven Begg (finance),
Virginia Dawood (administration), and many other people who offered great
help. We also would like to acknowledgethe financial support from the Scottish
Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA).
Finally, we hope everybody had a fruitful and enjoyable time in Aberdeen.
July 2011 Dawei Song
Massimo Melucci
Ingo Frommholz
Peng Zhang
Lei Wang
Sachi Arafat
Organization
Program Committee
Diederik Aerts Free University Brussels
Sven Aerts Free University Brussels
Sachi Arafat University of Glasgow
Harald Atmanspacher Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and
Mental Health (IGPP)
Peter Bruza Queensland University of Technology
Jerome Busemeyer Indiana University
Bob Coecke Oxford University
Trevor Cohen University of Texas, Houston
Riccardo Franco Politecnico di Torino
Ingo Frommholz University of Bedfordshire
Liane Gabora University of British Columbia
Emmanuel Haven University of Leicester
Andre Khrennikov Linnaeus University
Kirsty Kitto Queensland University of Technology
Ariane Lambert-Mogiliansky Paris School of Economics
William Lawless Paine College
Massimo Melucci University of Padua
Jian-Yun Nie Universit´e de Montr´eal
Dusko Pavlovic Kestrel Institute and Oxford University
Don Sofge Naval Research Laboratory
Dawei Song The Robert Gordon University
Keith van Rijsbergen University of Glasgow
Salvador Venegas-Andraca Tecnolo´gico de Monterrey
Giuseppe Vitiello University of Salerno
Jun Wang The Robert Gordon University
Dominic Widdows Google Inc.
John Woods University of British Columbia
Mingsheng Ying University of Technology Sydney
Vyacheslav Yukalov Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Additional Reviewers
De Vine, Lance
Haven, Emmanuel
Veloz, Tomas
Table of Contents
Keynote Talk
Born’s Rule as an Empirical Addition to Probabilistic Coherence....... 1
Christopher A. Fuchs
Language
Introducing Scalable Quantum Approaches in Language
Representation .................................................. 2
Peter Wittek and S´andor Dar´anyi
Similarity Metrics within a Point of View ........................... 13
Sven Aerts, Kirsty Kitto, and Laurianne Sitbon
Toward a Formal Model of the Shifting Relationship between Concepts
and Contexts during Associative Thought........................... 25
Tomas Veloz, Liane Gabora, Mark Eyjolfson, and Diederik Aerts
Semantic Spaces
A Compositional Distributional Semantics, Two Concrete
Constructions, and Some Experimental Evaluations .................. 35
Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Edward Grefenstette
Finding Schizophrenia’s Prozac: Emergent Relational Similarity in
Predication Space................................................ 48
Trevor Cohen, Dominic Widdows, Roger Schvaneveldt, and
Thomas C. Rindflesch
Spectral Composition of Semantic Spaces ........................... 60
Peter Wittek and S´andor Dar´anyi
Economics, Politics and Decision
Dynamic Optimization with Type Indeterminate Decision-Maker:
A Theory of Multiple-self Management ............................. 71
Ariane Lambert-Mogiliansky and Jerome Busemeyer
Pseudo-classical Nonseparability and Mass Politics in Two-Party
Systems ........................................................ 83
Christopher Zorn and Charles E. Smith Jr.
VIII Table of Contents
A Quantum Cognition Analysis of the Ellsberg Paradox .............. 95
Diederik Aerts, Bart D’Hooghe, and Sandro Sozzo
Psychology and Cognition
Can Classical Epistemic States Be Entangled? ....................... 105
Harald Atmanspacher, Peter beim Graben, and Thomas Filk
Quantum Structure in Cognition: Why and How Concepts Are
Entangled....................................................... 116
Diederik Aerts and Sandro Sozzo
Options for Testing Temporal Bell Inequalities for Mental Systems ..... 128
Harald Atmanspacher and Thomas Filk
Information Representation and Retrieval
Quantum-Like Uncertain Conditionals for Text Analysis .............. 138
Alvaro Francisco Huertas-Rosero and C.J. van Rijsbergen
Modelling the Acitivation of Words in Human Memory: The Spreading
Activation, Spooky-Activation-at-a-Distance and the Entanglement
Models Compared................................................ 149
David Galea, Peter Bruza, Kirsty Kitto, Douglas Nelson, and
Cathy McEvoy
Senses in Which Quantum Theory Is an Analogy for Information
Retrieval and Science............................................. 161
Sachi Arafat
Computation and Information
A Hierarchical Sorting Oracle...................................... 172
Lu´ıs Tarrataca and Andreas Wichert
Quantum-Like Paradigm: From Molecular Biology to Cognitive
Psychology...................................................... 182
Masanari Asano, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka,
Ichiro Yamato, Irina Basieva, and Andrei Khrennikov
Posters
A Quantum-Conceptual Explanation of Violations of Expected Utility
in Economics.................................................... 192
Diederik Aerts, Jan Broekaert, Marek Czachor, and Bart D’Hooghe
Table of Contents IX
On the Nature of the Human Mind: The Cognit Space Theory......... 199
George Economides
Quantum Phenomenology and Dynamic Co-Emergence ............... 205
Christian Flender
Envisioning Dynamic Quantum Clustering in Information Retrieval .... 211
Emanuele Di Buccio and Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio
Contextual Image Annotation via Projection and Quantum Theory
Inspired Measurement for Integration of Text and Visual Features...... 217
Leszek Kaliciak, Jun Wang, Dawei Song, Peng Zhang, and
Yuexian Hou
MPEG-7 Features in Hilbert Spaces: Querying Similar Images with
Linear Superpositions ............................................ 223
Elisa Maria Todarello, Walter Allasia, and Mario Stroppiana
Author Index.................................................. 229
Born’s Rule as an Empirical Addition to
Probabilistic Coherence
Christopher A. Fuchs
Perimeter Institutefor Theoretical Physics
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada
[email protected]
Abstract. With the help of a certain mathematical structure in quan-
tum information theory, there is a particularly elegant way to rewrite
the quantum mechanical Born rule as an expression purely in terms of
probabilities.
In this way, one can in principle get rid of complex Hilbert spaces
and operators as fundamental entities in the theory. In the place of a
quantum state, the new expression uses a probability distribution, and
in theplace of measurement operators, it usesconditional distributions.
The Born rule thus becomes a story of probabilities going in and
probabilities coming out. Going a step further: In the Bayesian spirit of
givingequalstatustoallprobabilities–inthiscase,theonesonboththe
rightandleftsidesoftheBorn-ruleequation–itindicatesthattheBorn
rule should be viewed as a normative condition on probabilities above
and beyond Dutch-bookcoherence.
In opposition to Dutch book coherence, this new normative rule is
empirical, rather than purely logical in its origin (and by way of that
mustencodesomeofthephysicalcontentofquantumtheory),butthere
maybeothernon-quantumsituationsthatwarrantthesameorasimilar
addition to Dutch-book coherence: I make no judgment one way or the
other,butIhopethatthiswayofrewritingquantumtheorymayprovide
a suggestive new language for some of the non-quantum topics of this
meeting.
D.Songetal.(Eds.):QI2011,LNCS7052,p.1,2011.
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
Introducing Scalable Quantum Approaches in
Language Representation
Peter Wittek and S´andor Dara´nyi
Swedish School of Library and Information Science
G¨oteborg University & University of Bor˚as
All´egatan 1, 50190 Bor˚as, Sweden
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract. High-performance computational resources and distributed
systemsarecrucialforthesuccessofreal-worldlanguagetechnologyap-
plications. The novelparadigm of general-purpose computingon graph-
ics processors (GPGPU) offers a feasible and economical alternative: it
has already become a common phenomenon in scientific computation,
with many algorithms adapted to the new paradigm. However, appli-
cations in language technology do not readily adapt to this approach.
Recent advances show the applicability of quantum metaphors in lan-
guage representation, and many algorithms in quantummechanics have
alreadybeenadaptedtoGPGPUcomputing.SQUALARaimstomatch
quantum algorithms with heterogeneous computing to develop new for-
malismsofinformationrepresentationfornaturallanguageprocessingin
quantumenvironments.
1 Introduction
Quantum mechanics is a very successful scientific theory for making predictions
about systems with inherent ambiguity in them. That natural language bears
similarities with such a system is at least plausible. Recent advances in theory
and experimentation to apply quantum mechanics to non-quantum domains in-
clude the use of quantum algorithms to address, or to more efficiently solve,
problems in such domains (including contrasts between classical vs. quantum
methods), such as applications of artificial intelligence, information retrieval,
and language modelling.
Thequantummetaphorpromisesimprovedmethodologiestocapturethesub-
tleties andambiguitiesofhumanlanguage,resultinginoptimisedalgorithmsfor
text processing. The purpose of SQUALAR is to investigate methods borrowed
from the field of quantum mechanics in a wide range of large-scale language
technology applications by seeking a match between quantum algorithms and
heterogeneous computing.
To this end, a scalable environment is a must. Latest trends indicate the rise
ofaheterogeneousplatforminwhichmulti-corecentralprocessingunits(CPUs)
and graphics processing units (GPUs) work together in a distributed-memory
parallelism. CPU-basedparallelism has been utilized for decades, and while not
D.Songetal.(Eds.):QI2011,LNCS7052,pp.2–12,2011.
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
