Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology: Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cities

261 Pages·2022·13.841 MB·English

by  Yu Zhou

Yu Zhou
Quantitative
Research on Street
Interface
Morphology
Comparison Between Chinese and
Western Cities
Quantitative Research on Street Interface
Morphology
Yu Zhou
Quantitative Research
on Street Interface
Morphology
Comparison Between Chinese and Western
Cities
Yu Zhou
Department of Architecture
Huazhong University of Science
and Technology
Wuhan, Hubei, China
Hubei Engineering and Technology
Research Center of Urbanization
Huazhong University of Science
and Technology
Wuhan, Hubei, China
This book is supported by the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of The Ministry of
Education of China (Project No.: 21YJAZH128), the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (for Young Scholars) (Project No.: 51508210) and the Open Foundation of the State
Key Laboratory of Subtropical Architectural Science of South China University of Technology
(Project No.: 2017ZB04).
ISBN 978-981-19-2548-1 ISBN 978-981-19-2549-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2549-8
Jointly published with China Architecture & Building Press
The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please order the
print book from: China Architecture & Building Press.
ISBN of the Co-Publisher’s edition: 978-7-112-22687-0
Translation from the Chinese Simplified language edition: “Jie Dao Jie Mian Xing Tai de Liang Hua
Yan Jiu” by Yu Zhou, © China Architecture & Building Press 2018. Published by China Architecture &
Building Press. All Rights Reserved.
© China Architecture & Building Press 2022
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This book is dedicated to students majoring
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planning regulators, as well as anyone who is
interested in urban research.
Preface
This book conducts a comprehensive study on street interface and is committed to
providing theoretical and technical support for the planning, control, and construction
of urban street interface in China. The first part of this book comprehensively analyzes
the historical evolution of street interface from the macroperspective of history
and region and fully shows the differences of various street interface morpholo-
gies through the comparison between China and the West, so as to lay a cognitive
foundation for the subsequent quantitative research. Next, by reviewing the short-
comings of the existing quantitative methods of street interface morphology, a quanti-
tative method combining the parameters of “interface density” and “near-line ratio”
is constructed to characterize the primary morphological characteristics of urban
street interface in China. Finally, this book makes an empirical study on the appli-
cation of the quantitative method in planning management and control, which fully
demonstrates the practical significance of this study.
This book fully reveals the historical and regional differences of street inter-
face morphology and clarifies the internal relationships between street interface
morphology and urban form, planning regulations, and cultural traditions, which
can improve the basic understanding of street interface management and control
in China’s planning sector. The proposed quantitative method can provide feasible
technical support for the management and construction of street interface, and play
a positive role in promoting the construction of planning laws and standards.
Wuhan, China Yu Zhou
vii
Acknowledgments
This book is a further development from my doctoral dissertation. First of all, I
would like to thank for the many help and care I received during my study in the
School of Architecture of Tianjin University. I want to thank my doctoral advisor,
Prof. Zhang Yukun, whose respectable character, rigorous academic attitude, and
continuing teaching have benefited me a lot. Professor Zhang’s words and deeds
over the years have had a significant impact on my study and research, and also
given me many thoughts and insights, which are precious treasures for my life.
Also, I would like to thank my master advisor, Prof. Zhao Jianbo, for his earnest
teaching over the years. From my undergraduate to master study, the guidance given
by Prof. Zhao always enlightened and broadened my thinking, no matter in design
or in research. In my daily study, Prof. Zhao cultivated my habit of positive thinking
and rigorous learning attitude. When choosing the topic of my thesis, he encouraged
me to choose the more challenging one and explore the unknown academic field.
Thanks to Dr. Yuan Sinan in Tianjin University for his technical support in the
virtual reality experiment mentioned in this book. Without his help, the experiment
would hardly complete. Thanks to my high school classmate, Dr. Liu Xiaolin, from
the Department of Mathematics, Tsinghua University. Without his help in mathe-
matics, the accurate expression of quantitative ideas in the relevant chapters about
the derivation of the quantitative method in this book will be difficult to obtain.
Eight years have passed since my doctoral graduation. After joining the School
of Architecture and Urban Planning of Huazhong University of Science and Tech-
nology, I have received many help and care from my colleagues and friends. Thanks
to Prof. Li Baofeng, the former Dean, Prof. Tan Gangyi, and Prof. Wang Yuan for
their care for both my work and life. Thanks to my friend Wu Yihan for his help in
the quantitative calculation using GIS in the follow-up study. Graduate student Geng
xuchu participated in the study of street interface morphology of Chinese and Euro-
pean cities, and Zhang Yu participated in the study of street interface morphology in
Guangzhou. In addition, graduate students Wu Baihua and Li Yi participated in the
collation of the manuscript. Thank you all.
ix
x Acknowledgments
In addition, I would also like to thank the Humanities and Social Science Foun-
dation of The Ministry of Education of China and the National Natural Science
Foundation of China for its financial support for the publication of this book.
Thanks to all the teachers, classmates, and friends who have helped me, and also
Ms. Gou Bingbing for her help in translation of this book.
Finally, I would like to thank my family for their care and support, without which
I cannot concentrate on the writing of this book.
October 2021 Yu Zhou
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................. 1
1.1 Research Background ..................................... 1
1.1.1 China’s Rapid Urbanization and Subsequent
Urban Problems .................................. 1
1.1.2 Inadequate Efforts in Promoting Laws
and Regulations in Urban Planning .................. 6
1.2 Research Questions ....................................... 9
1.3 Book Summary .......................................... 10
Part I Street Interface Through Different Times and in Different
Regions
2 Urban Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times
in China ...................................................... 15
2.1 Historical Review ........................................ 15
2.1.1 Tang-Song Period ................................. 15
2.1.2 Yuan–Ming–Qing Period .......................... 20
2.1.3 From Late Qing to the Republican Period ............ 25
2.1.4 After the Founding of the People’s Republic
of China ......................................... 33
2.2 Evolution Characteristics .................................. 34
3 Urban Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times
in Europe ..................................................... 37
3.1 Historical Review ........................................ 37
3.1.1 Classical Period .................................. 38
3.1.2 Feudal Period .................................... 43
3.1.3 From the Industrial Revolution to World War II ....... 48
3.1.4 After the World War II ............................. 54
3.2 Evolution Characteristics .................................. 54
xi
xii Contents
4 Comparison of Street Interface Morphology Between China
and the West .................................................. 57
4.1 Comparison of Street Interface Morphology Among
Sample Cities in China and the West ........................ 57
4.2 Comparison of Planning Regulations on Street Interface
Morphology Between China and the West ................... 58
4.2.1 Relevant Planning Regulations in France ............. 61
4.2.2 Relevant Planning Regulations in the United States .... 63
4.2.3 Relevant Planning Regulations in China .............. 65
4.3 Comparison of Architectural Cultural Traditions Related
to Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West ... 66
4.3.1 Relevant Architectural Cultural Traditions
in the West ....................................... 66
4.3.2 Relevant Architectural Cultural Traditions in China .... 68
4.4 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions
on the Street Interface in Modern Cities ..................... 75
4.4.1 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions
in the West ....................................... 75
4.4.2 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions
in China ......................................... 76
4.5 Conclusion .............................................. 78
Part II Quantitative Method for Street Interface Morphology
5 Review on the Qualitative Research of Street Morphology ......... 83
5.1 Study of Street Morphology from Aesthetic Perspective ........ 85
5.1.1 Camillo Sitte and the Art of Building Cities .......... 85
5.1.2 Yoshinobu Ashihara and the Aesthetic Townscape ..... 86
5.2 Study of Street Morphology from Spatial Cognition
Perspective .............................................. 87
5.2.1 Kevin Lynch and the Image of the City ............... 87
5.2.2 Allan Jacobs and the Great Streets ................... 88
5.3 Study of Street Morphology from Urban Transportation
Perspective .............................................. 89
5.3.1 Neighborhood Unit ............................... 89
5.3.2 Transportation Network Planning ................... 90
5.3.3 Street Section .................................... 91
5.3.4 Traffic Calming ................................... 91
6 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Morphology ....... 93
6.1 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Network
Morphology ............................................. 95
6.1.1 Space Syntax ..................................... 95
6.1.2 Route Structure Analysis ........................... 99
6.1.3 Network Density ................................. 104