Quantifier Scope in German

326 Pages·2006·1.3 MB·English

by  Dr. Jürgen Pafel

<DOCINFOAUTHOR""TITLE"QuantifierScopeinGerman"SUBJECT"LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,Volume84"KEYWORDS""SIZEHEIGHT"240"WIDTH"160"VOFFSET"4">
QuantifierScopeinGerman
LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday
LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday(LA)providesaplatformfororiginalmonographstudies
intosynchronicanddiachroniclinguistics.StudiesinLAconfrontempiricalandtheoretical
problemsasthesearecurrentlydiscussedinsyntax,semantics,morphology,phonology,and
systematicpragmaticswiththeaimtoestablishrobustempiricalgeneralizationswithina
universalisticperspective.
SeriesEditors
WernerAbraham EllyvanGelderen
UniversityofVienna ArizonaStateUniversity
AdvisoryEditorialBoard
CedricBoeckx IanRoberts
HarvardUniversity CambridgeUniversity
GuglielmoCinque KenSafir
UniversityofVenice RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswickNJ
GüntherGrewendorf LisadeMenaTravis
J.W.Goethe-University,Frankfurt McGillUniversity
LilianeHaegeman StenVikner
UniversityofLille,France UniversityofAarhus
HubertHaider C.Jan-WouterZwart
UniversityofSalzburg UniversityofGroningen
ChristerPlatzack
UniversityofLund
Volume84
QuantifierScopeinGerman
byJürgenPafel
Quantifier Scope in German
Jürgen Pafel
UniversityofStuttgart
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany
Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia
TM Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements
8
ofAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences–Permanence
ofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
JürgenPafel,1957-
QuantifierScopeinGerman / JürgenPafel.
p. cm.(LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,issn0166–0829;v.84)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
1.Germanlanguage--Quantifiers.2.Grammar,Comparativeand
general--Quantifiers.3.Germanlanguage--Syntax.I.Title.II.Linguistik
aktuell;Bd.84.
PF3199.P34 2005
435--dc22 2005054265
isbn9027228086(Hb;alk.paper)
©2005–JohnBenjaminsB.V.
Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,or
anyothermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands
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Table of contents
Abbreviationsandsymbols ix
Preface xiii
Chapter1
Preliminaries 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Theempiricalissues 1
1.1.2 Thetheoreticalissues 11
1.2 Germanquantifiers 13
1.2.1 Criteriaofidentification 13
1.2.2 Theclassesofquantifiersinvestigated 16
1.3 Syntacticassumptions 25
1.3.1 Nounphrases 26
1.3.2 Verbphrasesandsentences 30
1.4 Semanticassumptions 32
1.4.1 Names 32
1.4.2 Quantifiers 44
Chapter2
Relativescope 51
2.1 SomebasicpatternsofQ/Q-interaction 51
2.2 Thepropertiesdeterminingrelativescope 59
2.2.1 Syntacticconstellation 60
2.2.2 Grammaticalfunction 65
2.2.3 Thematicproperty 70
2.2.4 Distributivity 75
2.2.5 Discourse-binding 79
2.2.6 Definiteness 82
2.2.7 Focus 82
2.2.8 Negationattraction 85
 QuantifierScopeinGerman
2.3 Alinearmodelofrelativescopedetermination 88
2.3.1 Cumulativity,weightsandlinearequations 88
2.3.2 Themodel’spredictions 94
2.3.2.1 BasicQ/Q-interaction 94
2.3.2.2 Negativequantifiers 99
2.3.2.3 ModifiedDP-quantifiers 101
2.3.2.4 Adverbialquantifiers 102
2.3.2.5 Wh/Q-interaction 103
2.4 Relativescopeandtherelationbetweensyntactic
andsemanticstructure 107
2.4.1 Acomparisonbetweenrelativescopeandword
orderdetermination 107
2.4.1.1 Therelevantpropertiesandtheirinteraction 107
2.4.1.2 AlinearmodelforwordorderintheMittelfeld 111
2.4.2 Thecorrespondenceconstraintsconcerningrelativescope 114
2.4.2.1 Digression:Quantifierbinding 116
2.5 Thestatusoflinearmodels 121
2.5.1 Canlinearmodelsbeexplanatorilyadequate? 121
2.5.2 Linearmodels,optimalityandsmartheuristics 124
2.6 Thescopebehavioroffurthertypesofquantifiers 125
2.6.1 Coordinativequantifiers 125
2.6.2 Quantifierswithfocusparticles 128
2.6.3 Relativephrases 132
Chapter3
Absolutescope 137
3.1 Thepuzzleofclause-boundedness 137
3.1.1 Absolutescopeand(in)coherentinfinitivalconstructions 137
3.1.2 Absolutescopeandsubordinatefiniteclauses 142
3.2 Amodelofabsoluteandrelativescopedetermination 150
3.3 Scope(andsyntax)ofwh-phrasesinsitu 160
3.4 Absolutescopeandtherelationbetweensyntactic
andsemanticstructure 165
3.4.1 Fromclause-boundednesstophrase-boundedness 165
3.4.2 Absolutescopeandquantifierraising 168
3.4.3 Correspondenceconstraintsconcerningabsolutescope 170
3.4.4 Scopeandquantifierstorage 171
3.5 Inverselinking 173
Tableofcontents 
Chapter4
Indefinitesandquantifiers 179
4.1 Indefinitequantifiers 180
4.2 Typesofindefinites 182
4.2.1 Non-specificindefinites 182
4.2.2 Specificindefinites 187
4.2.3 Someconsequencesconcerning(non-)specificindefinites 193
4.2.4 Genericindefinites 197
4.3 Thescopeofimplicitquantifierstriggeredby(in)definites 201
4.4 Indefinitesindonkeysentences 204
Chapter5
Interrogativequantifiers 215
5.1 Thepair-listreadingasascopereading 215
5.2 Wh/Q-interactioninGerman,EnglishandPolish 220
5.3 Thesemanticsofthepair-listreading 224
5.4 Scopeandsemanticsofhowmanyphrases 230
Chapter6
Alternativescopeaccounts 237
6.1 Configurationaltheories 237
6.2 Semanticallyandpragmaticallybasedtheories 250
6.3 Multi-factortheories 252
Chapter7
Towardsatheoryofsemanticstructure 261
7.1 Theformofsemanticstructure 261
7.1.1 Semanticfeaturesandsemanticstructures 261
7.1.2 Thesemanticcharacterizationoflexicalitemsand
syntacticphrases 263
7.2 Theinterpretationofsemanticstructure 271
7.3 Theconstructionofsemanticstructuresfrom
syntacticstructures 276
7.3.1 Semanticspecificationsandquantifierstores 276
7.3.2 Implicitquantifiersinsemanticstructure 287
 QuantifierScopeinGerman
Chapter8
Concludingremarks 291
References 293
Index 311
Abbreviations and symbols
* clearlyunacceptablesentenceorsequence(ofsentences)
(cid:1) clearlyunavailablereading
√
acceptablesentenceorsequence
√
availablereading
?? moreorlessunacceptablesentenceorsequence
? neitheracceptablenorunacceptablesentenceorsequence
% judgmentnotsharedbyallsubjects
(?) judgmentuncertain
÷ tendstobe
≈ getsparaphrasedas
≈> translatesas
∃ existentialquantifier
∀ universalquantifier
¬ negationoperator
ι iotaoperator
→ conditional
↔ biconditional
λ lambdaoperator
∧ conjunction
∨ disjunction
⊕ summationoperator
≤ partof
*P pluraloperator(pluspredicate)
(cid:1) necessityoperator
♦ possibilityoperator
ˆ cap
o denotationfunction
(cid:11) risingaccent
(cid:12) fallingaccent
> hasscopeover
A adjective
acc accusative
AP adjectivephrase
a-strong strivesforwidestpossibleabsolutescope
a-weak strivesforsmallestpossibleabsolutescope
D determiner