Table Of ContentS E C O N D E D I T I O N
Q u a g g a
and
Z e b r a M u s s e l s
B i o l o g y , I m p a c t s , C o n t r o l
a n d
E d i t e d b y
Thomas F. Nalepa
Don W. Schloesser
Boca Raton London New York
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The opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the authors and do not reflect the policy or official opinions of NOAA, USGS, Department of
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Cover Image Credit: Chris Houghton, Rob Paddock, and John Janssen, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Freshwater Sciences. This image
of quagga mussels (profunda/deepwater morph) presents a composite of photos taken on the southern slope of Northeast Reef in Lake Michigan (43°
45.11´N, 87° 34.70´W) on April 25, 2012. Image photos were taken at a depth of 52 m with a deepwater ROV and clearly show the elongated siphons of
the profunda morph.
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We may infer what havoc the introduction of any new beast of prey might cause in a country before the instincts of the indigenous
inhabitants become adapted to the strangers’ craft and power.
Charles Darwin (1834)
iii
Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Preface...................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................................xv
Editors ..................................................................................................................................................................................xvii
Contributors ..........................................................................................................................................................................xix
Part I
Prelude
My Story on Finding the First Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in North America .....................................................3
Sonya Gutschi Santavy
In Recognition: John Glenn Sparks a Giant Leap for Environmental Protection ...................................................................5
Allegra Cangelosi
Part II
Distribution and Spread
Chapter 1
Chronological History of Zebra and Quagga Mussels (Dreissenidae) in North America, 1988–2010 ...................................9
Amy J. Benson
Chapter 2
Influence of Environmental Factors on Zebra Mussel Population Expansion in Lake Champlain, 1994–2010 ...................33
J. Ellen Marsden, Pete Stangel, and Angela D. Shambaugh
Chapter 3
Replacement of Zebra Mussels by Quagga Mussels in the Erie Canal, New York, USA .....................................................55
Kenton M. Stewart
Chapter 4
Invasion of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) to the Mid-Lake Reef Complex
in Lake Michigan: A Photographic Montage ........................................................................................................................65
Jeffrey S. Houghton, Robert Paddock, and John Janssen
Chapter 5
Long-Term Change in the Hudson River’s Bivalve Populations: A History of Multiple Invasions (and Recovery?) .............71
David L. Strayer and Heather M. Malcom
Chapter 6
Spread of the Quagga Mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in Western Europe ..........................................................83
Abraham bij de Vaate, Gerard van der Velde, Rob S.E.W. Leuven, and Katharina C.M. Heiler
v
vi Contents
Chapter 7
Origin and Spread of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in Eastern Europe with Notes on Size
Structure of Populations ........................................................................................................................................................93
Marina I. Orlova
Chapter 8
Summary of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Polish Lakes over the Past 50 Years with Emphasis on the
Masurian Lakes (Northeastern Poland) ................................................................................................................................103
Krzysztof Lewandowski and Anna Stańczykowska
Part III
Response, Management, and Mitigation
Chapter 9
One Reporter’s Perspective on the Invasion of Dreissenid Mussels in North America: Reflections on the News Media ...117
Steve Pollick
Chapter 10
Early Responses to Zebra Mussels in the Great Lakes: A Journey from Information Vacuum to Policy and Regulation .........135
Ronald W. Griffiths, Don W. Schloesser, and William P. Kovalak
Chapter 11
Catalyst for Change: “The Little Dreissenid That Did” (Change National Policy on Aquatic Invasive Species) ................177
David F. Reid and Dean Wilkinson
Chapter 12
Invading Dreissenid Mussels Transform the 100-Year-Old International Joint Commission ..............................................187
Mark J. Burrows
Chapter 13
Eradication of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from Millbrook Quarry, Virginia: Rapid Response
in the Real World ..................................................................................................................................................................195
Raymond T. Fernald and Brian T. Watson
Chapter 14
Management and Control of Dreissenid Mussels in Water Infrastructure Facilities of the Southwestern United States ...........215
Rajat K. Chakraborti, Sharook Madon, Jagjit Kaur, and Dale Gabel
Chapter 15
Impact of Dreissenid Mussels on the Infrastructure of Dams and Hydroelectric Power Plants .........................................243
Thomas H. Prescott, Renata Claudi, and Katherine L. Prescott
Chapter 16
Managing Expansion of Dreissenids within Traditional Parameters: The Story of Quagga Mussels in Lake Mead
National Recreation Area ....................................................................................................................................................259
Valerie Hickey
Contents vii
Chapter 17
Dreissenid Mussels as Sentinel Biomonitors for Human and Zoonotic Pathogens .............................................................265
David Bruce Conn, Frances E. Lucy, and Thaddeus K. Graczyk
Chapter 18
Contaminant Concentrations in Dreissenid Mussels from the Laurentian Great Lakes: A Summary of Trends
from the Mussel Watch Program .........................................................................................................................................273
Kimani L. Kimbrough, W. Edward Johnson, Annie P. Jacob, and Gunnar G. Lauenstein
Part IV
Morphology, Physiology, and Behavior
Chapter 19
Morphological Variability of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) ............287
Vera Pavlova and Yuri Izyumov
Chapter 20
Variation in the Quagga Mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) with Emphasis on the Deepwater Morphotype
in Lake Michigan ..................................................................................................................................................................315
Thomas F. Nalepa, Vera Pavlova, Wai H. Wong, John Janssen, Jeffrey S. Houghton, and Kerrin Mabrey
Chapter 21
Behavior of Juvenile and Adult Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) ............................................................................331
Jarosław Kobak
Chapter 22
Antipredator Strategy of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): From Behavior to Life History...................................345
Marcin Czarnoleski and Tomasz Müller
Chapter 23
Variation in Predator–Prey Interactions between Round Gobies and Dreissenid Mussels ..................................................359
Christopher J. Houghton and John Janssen
Chapter 24
Density, Growth, and Reproduction of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Two Oklahoma Reservoirs ................369
Chad J. Boeckman and Joseph R. Bidwell
Chapter 25
Limiting Environmental Factors and Competitive Interactions between Zebra and Quagga Mussels in North America .......383
David W. Garton, Robert McMahon, and Ann M. Stoeckmann
Chapter 26
Evolutionary, Biogeographic, and Population Genetic Relationships of Dreissenid Mussels, with Revision of
Component Taxa ..................................................................................................................................................................403
Carol A. Stepien, Igor A. Grigorovich, Meredith A. Gray, Timothy J. Sullivan, Shane Yerga-Woolwine,
and Gokhan Kalayci
viii Contents
Chapter 27
Effects of Algal Composition, Seston Stoichiometry, and Feeding Rate on Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
Nutrient Excretion in Two Laurentian Great Lakes .............................................................................................................445
Thomas H. Johengen, Henry A. Vanderploeg, and James R. Liebig
Chapter 28
Chemical Regulation of Dreissenid Reproduction ...............................................................................................................461
Donna R. Kashian and Jeffrey L. Ram
Chapter 29
Role of Fluid Dynamics in Dreissenid Mussel Biology ........................................................................................................471
Josef Daniel Ackerman
Part V
Impacts
Chapter 30
Meta-Analysis of Dreissenid Effects on Freshwater Ecosystems ........................................................................................487
Scott N. Higgins
Chapter 31
Effects of Invasive Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) on Chlorophyll and Water Clarity in Lakes
Mead and Havasu of the Lower Colorado River Basin, 2007–2009 ...................................................................................495
Wai H. Wong, G. Chris Holdren, Todd Tietjen, Shawn Gerstenberger, Bryan Moore, Kent Turner,
and Doyle C. Wilson
Chapter 32
Role of Selective Grazing by Dreissenid Mussels in Promoting Toxic Microcystis Blooms and Other Changes in
Phytoplankton Composition in the Great Lakes ..................................................................................................................509
Henry A. Vanderploeg, Alan E. Wilson, Thomas H. Johengen, Julianne Dyble Bressie, Orlando Sarnelle,
James R. Liebig, Sander D. Robinson, and Geoffrey P. Horst
Chapter 33
Trends in Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Macroinvertebrates in Saginaw Bay Relative to Zebra Mussel
(Dreissena polymorpha) Colonization: A Generalized Linear Model Approach ...............................................................525
Sara Adlerstein, Thomas F. Nalepa, Henry A. Vanderploeg, and Gary L. Fahnenstiel
Chapter 34
Lake Michigan after Dreissenid Mussel Invasion: Water Quality and Food Web Changes during the Late Winter/
Spring Isothermal Period .....................................................................................................................................................545
Steven A. Pothoven and Gary L. Fahnenstiel
Chapter 35
Nutrient Cycling by Dreissenid Mussels: Controlling Factors and Ecosystem Response ....................................................555
Harvey A. Bootsma and Qian Liao
Contents ix
Chapter 36
Benthification of Freshwater Lakes: Exotic Mussels Turning Ecosystems Upside Down ...................................................575
Christine M. Mayer, Lyubov E. Burlakova, Peter Eklöv, Dean Fitzgerald, Alexander Y. Karatayev,
Stuart A. Ludsin, Scott Millard, Edward L. Mills, A. P. Ostapenya, Lars G. Rudstam, Bin Zhu,
and Tataina V. Zhukova
Chapter 37
Variability of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Impacts in the Shannon River System, Ireland ..............................587
Dan Minchin and Anastasija Zaiko
Chapter 38
Impacts of Dreissena on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities: Predictable Patterns Revealed by Invasion History......599
Jessica M. Ward and Anthony Ricciardi
Chapter 39
Interactions between Exotic Ecosystem Engineers (Dreissena spp.) and Native Burrowing Mayflies (Hexagenia spp.)
in Soft Sediments of Western Lake Erie ...............................................................................................................................611
Kristen M. DeVanna, Don W. Schloesser, Jonathan M. Bossenbroek, and Christine M. Mayer
Chapter 40
Zebra Mussel Impacts on Unionids: A Synthesis of Trends in North America and Europe ...............................................623
Frances E. Lucy, Lyubov E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev, Sergey E. Mastitsky, and David T. Zanatta
Chapter 41
Impacts of Dreissenid Mussels on the Distribution and Abundance of Diving Ducks on Lake St. Clair ...........................647
David R. Luukkonen, Ernest N. Kafcas, Brendan T. Shirkey, and Scott R. Winterstein
Chapter 42
Context-Dependent Changes in Lake Whitefish Populations Associated with Dreissenid Invasion ...................................661
Michael D. Rennie
Chapter 43
Effects of Dreissenids on Monitoring and Management of Fisheries in Western Lake Erie ...............................................681
Martin A. Stapanian and Patrick M. Kocovsky
Part VI
General
Chapter 44
General Overview of Zebra and Quagga Mussels: What We Do and Do Not Know ..........................................................695
Alexander Y. Karatayev, Lyubov E. Burlakova, and Dianna K. Padilla
Chapter 45
Comparative Role of Dreissenids and Other Benthic Invertebrates as Links for Type-E Botulism Transmission
in the Great Lakes ................................................................................................................................................................705
Alicia Pérez-Fuentetaja, Mark D. Clapsadl, and W. Theodore Lee
x Contents
Chapter 46
A Comparison of Consumptive Demand of Diporeia spp. and Dreissena in Lake Michigan Based
on Bioenergetics Models .......................................................................................................................................................713
Daniel J. Ryan, Thomas F. Nalepa, Lori N. Ivan, Maria S. Sepúlveda, and Tomas O. Höök
Chapter 47
Variation in Length–Frequency Distributions of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within and between Three
Baltic Sea Subregions: Szczecin Lagoon, Curonian Lagoon, and Gulf of Finland .............................................................725
Christiane Fenske, Anastasija Zaiko, Adam Wozń iczka, Sven Dahlke, and Marina I. Orlova
Chapter 48
A Note on Dreissenid Mussels and Historic Shipwrecks .....................................................................................................741
Russ Green
Part VII
Appendix: Narratives for Video Clips
Video Clip 1: A Visual Documentation of the Eradication of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)
from Millbrook Quarry, Virginia .........................................................................................................................................747
Raymond T. Fernald and Brian T. Watson
Video Clip 2: Invasion of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) to the Midlake Reef Complex in Lake
Michigan: A Video Montage ................................................................................................................................................749
Jeffrey S. Houghton, Robert Paddock, and John Janssen
Video Clip 3: Close-Up View of Inhalant Siphons of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, Deepwater
Morph) on the Midlake Reef Complex in Lake Michigan ...................................................................................................751
Thomas F. Nalepa, Jeffrey S. Houghton, Robert Paddock, and John Janssen
Video Clip 4: Visual Documentation of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) at Two Depths
in Southeastern Lake Michigan ............................................................................................................................................753
Russ Miller, Nathan Hawley, and Steven A. Ruberg
Video Clip 5: Zebra Mussel Movements on the Bottom of Lake Michigan .........................................................................755
Barry M. Lesht and Nathan Hawley
Video Clip 6: Behavior of Zebra Mussels Exposed to Microcystis Colonies from Natural Seston and Laboratory
Cultures .................................................................................................................................................................................757
Henry A. Vanderploeg and J. Rudi Strickler
Video Clip 7: Visual Evidence a Native Mussel Population (Unionidae: Bivalvia) in the St. Clair River (Laurentian
Great Lakes) Has Survived Despite the Presence of Dreissena ...........................................................................................759
Greg Lashbrook and Kathy Johnson
Postlude–Synopsis ................................................................................................................................................................761
Thomas F. Nalepa and Don W. Schloesser
Index .....................................................................................................................................................................................763
