Table Of ContentNEW
PYRACANTHA KOIDZUMII (ROSACEAE) TO THE ARKANSAS FLORA
Brett Serviss
E.
Departmen ofBiology
t
Henderson
State University
Arkadelphia, Arkansas 71999-0001, USA.
mtered species of Pyracantha outside o
Additionally, also
it is
p:
.
A
ably the first record of the genus Pyracantha growing spontaneously in the state. key anc
INTRODUCTION
At present, non-native species comprise approximately 21% of the Arkansas flora (Arkansas Vascular Flora
new
Committee
2006), with species of non-native plants continuously being documented and added (Peck
& &
Peck Many
2003; Serviss 2006; Serviss et 2006, 2008a, 2008b; Serviss Peck 2008). of the species
al.
when
comprising these most recent records were well established encountered;
initially therefore, ex-
it is
tremely important to record first encounters with escaped populations and monitor these new spontaneous
occurrences of non-native species to evaluate their potential for becoming the next wave of invasive species
&
(Yatskievych Raveill 2001).
Pyracantha a Eurasian genus consisting of about 10 species of woody, evergreen, thorny shrubs and
is
China Committee Krussmann
trees (Bailey 1971; Flora of Editorial 2003; 1978). Species of Pyracantha are
important as ornamentals because of their evergreen habit, and bright red, orange, or yellow-colored
fruits
become
that persist well into winter. Several species of Pyracantha have established to various degrees across
much
of the southern US from California Florida and the Carolinas (NRCS but now, have
to 1999), until
not been recorded outside of cultivation in Arkansas.
Pyracantha coccinea (D. Don) M.J. Roem. (scarlet firethorn) was previously documented for Arkansas
now
(Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee 2006). However, this record appears to be of questionable status
regarding its position in the flora, as further investigation has led to the possibility that the specimen cited
may
in the checklist have simply been persisting from cultivation; and not actually spontaneous. As a result,
upcoming
it will apparently not be included in the atlas for the vascular flora of Arkansas (Brent Baker, pers.
comm.). Additionally, a second possible record of Pyracantha in the state collected from Lafayette County in
1959 by Demaree (41944; UMO), was examined by the author and determined to be Crataegus (hawthorn).
Subsequently, the record of P. koidzumii presented here is currently the only definitive record of this genus
occurring
outside of cultivation in Arkansas.
SPECIMEN RECORD OF KOIDZUMII FOR ARKANSAS
P.
Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder formosana Kanehira) Formosa
(P. (Rosaceae). firethorn is a large,
m
evergreen shrub or small tree to about 4(5.5) in height that is native to Taiwan. In addition to Arkansas,
Formosa firethorn has been documented outside of cultivation in the US in Alabama, Arizona, Florida,
NRCS
Georgia, and South Carolina, as determined from the national database kept by
flora (1999).
'
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(1)
key has
Many species of Pyracantha are difficult to distinguish without careful scrutiny; thus the following
been provided as an aid to identification. In addition to the approximately 10 currently recognized species
No
numerous hybrids and cultivars also occur. attempt to treat these additional
in the genus, interspecific
taxa made here a and descriptions of many of the hybrids and cultivars of Pyracantha, see Kruss-
is (for list
mann
1978).
ENCOUNTERED ARKANSAS
KEY TO PYRACANTHA SPECIES LIKELY IN
At three species of Pyracantha: coccinea, for
least P. P.
and spontaneous seedlings
are cultivated in the state,
plants (Serviss 2006).
sometimes narrowly apex acute, margins toothed
Leaves usually so,
elliptic,
1
.
obovate-oblong, apex obtuse, rounded, or nearly
Leaves usually oblong, oblanceolate, or
1.
can be
emarginate, margins toothed or entire (leaves of koidzumii elliptic,
P.
genera widest toward apex _
Leaf margins on most or leaves conspicuously toothed, leaves
2. all
Leaf margins entire, a few leaves may have a few widely spaced teeth,
2.
from by evergreen
but
Pyracantha can sometimes be confused with certain species of Crataegus, differs it its
with thorns
deciduous
and two ovules per carpel. Crataegus species are leafless
habit, leafy thorns, fertile
Pyracantha
The narrow, unlobed, finely-toothed leaves of
and only one ovule per carpel. generally
fertile
from
can also be useful in distinguishing Crataegus.
it
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
my who and brought
would thank daughter, Annabelle Serviss, initially discovered to
like to sincerely
I
my Arkansas) providing information regard-
Brent Baker (University of for
attention le hoidzumv. plant,
P.
Columbia)
ing the current status of Pyracantha in Arkansas, Robin Kennedy (University of Missouri at for
Maddox
providing a specimen loan, Guy Nesom (University of Texas at Austin), Victor (Mississippi State
anonymous comments and suggestions regarding this paper,
and one reviewer for their helpful
University),
and Henderson University Biology Department for supporting this research.
the State
Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee. 2006. Checklist of the vascular plants of Arkansas. University Herbarium, Depart-
ment
of Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
New
LH. 1949. Manual of cultivated plants. MacMillan. York, NY.
Bailey,
Baker, B. (Brent). Personal communication. Botanist, University of Arkansas Herbarium, Fayetteville.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2003. Flora of China. Vol. 9 (Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae). Beijing (China):
Science Press, and Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 108-1 10.
St. p.
Krussmann, G. 1978. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs. Vol. Timber Press. Portland, OR.
3.
Peck, J.H. 2003. Additions, re-instatements, exclusions, and re-exclusions to the Arkansas flora. Sida 21:
1737-1757.
New
Peck, J.H. and B.E. Serviss. 2006. and noteworthy collections for Arkansas. Sida 22:81 7-820.
New
and 2008. and noteworthy records of several non-native vascular plant species
Serviss, B.E. J.H. Peck. in
Arkansas. Texas 2:637-641.
Bot. Res.
Inst.
J.
and
Serviss, B.E., N. Freeman, Hernandez, A. Leible, CTalley. 2008a. Tungoil tree (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) (Euphorbi-
J.
new
28-1
aceae) to the Arkansas flora. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 61 30.
J. :1
Negundo
negundo
Serviss, B.E., N. Freeman, J. Hernandez, A. Leible, CTalley, and B. Baker. 2008b. chaste tree (Vitex L.)
new
(Verbenaceae) to the Arkansas flora. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 61:131-1 33.
J.
woody
2006. Non-native plants of Arkansas. Available at http://www.hsu.edu/servisb. Accessed on
Serviss, B.E.
November
14 2008.
N. Freeman, and Melancen. 2006. Chinese flame tree {Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch.) (Sapindaceae)
Serviss, B.E., S.
new
to the Arkansas flora. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 60:1 97-1 99.
J.
USDA, NRCS. 999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Avail-
1
November
able at http://plants.usda.gov. Accessed on 14 2008.
Yatskievych, G. and J.A. Raveill 2001 Notes on the increasing proportion of non-native angiosperms in the Missouri
.
new
flora, with reports of three genera for the state. Sida 9:701 -709.
1
