Table Of ContentPROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
109(3):533-539. 1996.
A
Pycnogonida of the western Pacific islands, XII. recent diving
survey of Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands
C. Allan Child
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum ofNatural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. Seven known pycnogonid species are reported from the Ryukyu
Islands at Okinawa, five of them found here for the first time and one new
species. The new species, Parapallene virgosa, is described, illustrated, com-
pared with others in its genus and with several species in other genera dis-
playing a few similar characteristics. Previous Okinawan pycnogonid literature
is discussed in light of these additional species and distribution of all species
is included.
Thirteen pycnogonid species in ten gen- 2). Palps present, chelifores and chelae
era were previously known from the Ryu- present or lacking 3
kyu Archipelago prior to this report. These Palps lacking, chelifores and chelae
thirteen came from the Island of Okinawa present Callipallenidae
itself and the Sakishima Islands Group at 3). Chelifores lacking 4
Chelifores present, chelae atrophied or
the southern end ofthe Archipelago (Ohshi-
ma 1935, Hedgpeth 1949, Nakamura & lacking Ammotheidae
4). Proboscis short, with ventral and lateral
Child 1988). There have been no pycno- swelling, mouth a vertical slit; ocular
gonids reported from other Ryukyu Islands. tubercle short Rhynchothoracidae
The small collection of eight species re- Proboscis long, tubular, with annula-
ported below increases this number to tions, downcurved, mouth atube; ocular
eighteen species now known in a total of tubercle long Austrodecidae
fifteen genera with the addition offive gen-
era and five species previously unknown in Systematics
Okinawa. One bizarre attenuated species,
Family Ammotheidae Dohm, 1881
Parapallene virgosa, is described as new,
illustrated, and compared with all similarly Genus Achelia Hodge, 1864
attenuated species of this and other genera. Achelia nana (Loman, 1908)
The collection was made over the course Ammothea nana Loman, 1908:60-61, pi. 1,
of several years by R. F. Bolland with the figs. 1-13. —
use of scuba while collecting bottom sam- Achelia nana. Child, 1983:699 [litera-
ples for a faunal survey. ture]; 1988a:50-51.—Stock, 1991:161;
1992:89 [text], fig. 6; 1994:35-36.
Key to the Families of Pycnogonida —
Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30.0'N,
(discussed in this report) 127°50.9'E, sta. RFB 1972, 6.1 m, 27 Aug
1988 (1 female). Same locahty, sta. RFB
1). Chelifores andpalpsbothpresentorone 2001, 67.1 m, 2—3 Oct 1988 (1 male).
lacking 2 Distribution. This long-known species
Both chelifores and palps lacking has a very wide Indo-West Pacific distri-
Pycnogonidae bution from Durban, South Africa to Aus-
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
tralia and Japan. It has usually been col- kyu Islands until this record. There are only
lected in intertidal depths to about 25 m. three known species of Tanystylum, a pre-
The second station above is deeper than dominantly temperate and tropical genus,
usual for the species, although there is one reported from Japanese islands; T. scrutator
record of a capture at 435 m. This species Stock, T. grossifemorum (Hilton), and T. ul-
has been taken in the Philippines and on reungum Kim (synonym: T. nabetensis
Kyushu, Japan, and would thus be expected Nakamura & Child). This species is quite
to occur on Okinawa. different from all three.
The nearest known non-Japanese species
Genus Ammothella (Verrill, 1990) comes from the central and northern Phil-
Ammothella biunguiculata (Dohm, 1881) ippines, T. philippinensis Child (1988b:10-
Ammothea bi-unguiculata Dohrn, 1881: 12, fig. 4). This species has a tall, erect ab-
domen like a post or peg, has no male sev-
158, pi. 8, figs. 1-3. —
enth oviger segment apophysis, and has
Ammm1ou2-tr1ha3e,l&lfaiCg.hbiil1udn,g(ue1ia9crlu9yl1a:tl6ai-.t7era(tSrutreoec)ce.kn—,t Nl1ia9tke7ra4a:-- ImtuicshkmnoorwentufbreormculaastenelaergstthheanRyT.ukryehudseria.s
ture).—Munilla, 1993:1993.—Chimenz cGoulalmec,tebdutinthmiosrsepescoiuetshhearsn uInpdot-oPnacoiwficbeleon-
et al., 1993:340.
— calities.
Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30.
4'N, 127°52.6'E, sta. RFB 1204, 3 m, 29
Jun 1984 (1 male). Same locality, sta. RFB Family CaUipallenidae Hilton, 1942
1223, 3 m, 18 —Jul 1984 (1 female). Genus CaUipallenidae Flynn, 1929
Distribution. This is one of the several Callipallene novaezealandiae (Thomson,
common species with a "Tethyan distribu- 1884)
tion": from Spain and the Mediterranean to
Japan and Korea. It has been collectedfrom Pallene novae-zealandiae Thomson, 1884
the intertidal to 45 m. It is new to Okina- 246-247, pi. 14, figs. 1-4.—
wan shores. Callipallene novaezealandiae. Child, 1982
277 [Hterature]; 1983:708; 1988a:27; 1991
Genus Tanystylum Miers, 1879 145.—Nakamura & Child, 1988:664
Tanystylum rehderi Child, 1970 1991:38.—Stock, 1994:48.
—
Tanystylum rehderi Child, 1970:302-306, Material examined. Okinawa, Tengam
fig. 5; 1983:705; 1988a:53-54.—Muller, Pier, 3 km SSE of Ishikawa City,
1989:126, figs. 22-39.—Child, 1991: 26°24.0'N, 127°51.5'E, sta. RFB 1124, 12.2
142.—Stock, 1994:38-39. m, 17 Mar 1984 (1 male). Okinawa,
—
Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30. 26°30.4'N, 127°52.6'E, sta. RFB 1205, 51.8
O'N, 127°50.9'E, sta. RFB 1210, 0-3 m, 3 m, 30 Jun 1984 (1 male). Same locality, sta.
Jul 1984 (1 male—, 1 female). RFB 1232, 45.7 m, 30 Jul 1984 (1 juve-
Distribution. There are several scat- nile). Okinawa, Buckner Bay, 26°17.8'N,
tered localities in the Indo-Pacific where 127°51.0'E, sta. RFB 1798, unknown depth,
this species has been collected, from Al- 16 Mar 1987 (1—juvenile).
dabra Atoll to Indonesia, Guam, the Palau Distribution. This long-known species
Islands, and the Society Islands, its type lo- has broad Indo-Pacific distribution which
cality. It has, like most Tanystylum species, includes Japan, and the Sakishima Islands
a shallow-wa—ter distribution in 0-18 m. of the Ryukyus. Its usual depth is littoral
Remarks. No Tanystylum species has although it has been taken in as great as
been reported from Okinawa or other Ryu- 275 m.
VOLUME 109, NUMBER 3 535
Genus Parapallene Carpenter, 1892 setae on tibia, of two sizes, neither longer
Parapallene virgosa, new species than segment diameter Second tibia the
Fig. 1 longest segments, armed with two or three
— longer ventral spines with serrate inneredg-
Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30. es. Femur longer than short first tibia, nei-
4'N, 127°52.6'E, sta. RFB 1227, 54.9 m, 20 ther with serrate ventral spines. Tarsus very
USNM
Jul 1984 (1 female, holotype, short, armed with few tiny ventral setaeand
234710). — one serrate sole spine shorter than terminal
Distribution. Only known from its type serrate spine of second tibia. Propodus
locality. — moderately short, very slightly curved. Pro-
Description. Habitus extremely slender, podal heel with four spines, increasing in
leg span abut 83 mm. Trunkcylindrical, ful- size distally, two distal spines with serra-
ly segmented, no wider than slender lateral tions, sole with eight or nine short spines,
processes. Lateral processes cylindrical, proximal first and second with hint of ser-
slightly inflated distally, separated by 5-6 rations. Claw almost half propodal length,
times their diameters, each with dorsodistal moderately curved, auxiliaries slightly
seta shorter than segment diameter Neck more than half main claw length.
extremely long, slender, oviger bases at Male unknown.
posterior, not touching first lateral process- Me—asurements offemale holotype in
es. Neck crop with chelifore and proboscis mm. Trunk length (chelifore insertion to
attachment very slender Ocular tubercle at tip 4th lateral processes), 10.64; 1st seg-
anterior of first lateral processes which are ment length, 3.57; posterior 3 segments,
at extreme posterioroffirst segment. Ocular 7.07; trunk width (across 2nd lateral pro-
base broad, containing eyes, anterior pair cesses), 6.1; proboscis length, 1.92; abdo-
largerthan posteriorpair, littlepigment. Oc- men length, 0.76; third leg, coxa 1, 0.86,
ular tubercle apex with bulbous extension coxa 2, 3.82; coxa 3, 1.28; femur, 9.78; tibia
as tall as basal part, with sensory papillae 1, 8.88; tibia 2, 11.42; tarsus, 0.28; propo-
at distal sides well above eyes. Proboscis dus, 1.39; cla—w, 0.67.
moderately short, slightly upcurved, with Etymology. The species name (Latin:
distal constriction, armed with few short virgosus, meaning full of twigs) refers to
curved median and distal spines, lips flat, the twig-like appearance of the trunk and
without oral setae field. Abdomen very appendages on this extremely slender spe-
short, erect, glabrous. cies. Its habitus is very similarto andbrings
Chelifores very slender, with few robust to mind the extreme slendemess of a walk-
lateral spines as long or longer than seg- ing-stick inse—ct.
ment diameters. Chelae palms with 3 long, Remarks. The bizarre "stretched"
broad, distal spines and several shorter trunk and lateral processes of this species
proximal setae. Chelae fingers very long, fit uneasily in couplet two of Stock's
delicate, without teeth, overlap distally. (199la:191, 193) key to members of this
Oviger slender, segments four and five genus, next to P. parviunguicularis Stock.
subequal, segment six only slightly shorter, That is a species to which P. virgosa is not
with few short lateral and distal setae. Stri- closely related, since the latter has longer
gilis segments seven-nine each slightly nar- auxiliary claws and a long terminal oviger
rower than tenth, armed with two or three claw. It has no close relations in this genus
short ectal setae and endal denticulate and only morphologically resembles spe-
spines in formula 6:7:6:6; straight terminal cies in other genera by coincidence. It most
claw with 12 tiny teeth. Denticulate spines notably resemblesAnoplodactylus tenuicor-
with two or three pairs of lateral teeth. pus Child, 1988b, from the Philippines,
Legs very slender, long, armed with few Guam, and the Seychelles, and A. exagger-
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. L Parapallenevirgosa, newspecies,femaleholotype: A,Trunk,dorsalview;B,trunkanteriorsegments,
lateral view; C, chela; D, oviger, with terminal segment and denticulate spine, enlarged; E, third leg distal
segments, enlarged; F, Second tibia median leg spine, enlarged.
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 3 537
atus Stock, 1994, from Indonesia and Sin- dian Ocean. This is the only known species
gapore. It should be noted that all three of to be collected as far north in the Pacific as
these slender tenuous species have one or Japan. Almost all of its congeners are
more serrate heel spines. There are other known only from further south and Antarc-
slender species having serrate heel spines, tic localities—.
such as Pseudopallene sp. (Stock 1994:49) Remarks. There is only one species of
and Anoplodactylus pectinus Hedgpeth, this tiny genus known in northwest Pacific
1948. In Hedgpeth's species, the trunk and waters, making it quite easy to identify.
lateral processes are much less attenuated
but the propodus has one or more serrate Family Rhynchothoracidae Thompson,
heel spines as does Stock's Pseudopallene 1909
sp. It is far from clear whether or not the 2 Genus Rhynchothorax Costa, 1861
characters of attenuation and serrate heel Rhynchothorax orientalis Child, 1988
spines are in any way related other than by
Rhynchothorax orientalis Child, 1988b:28—
coincidence. Four otherwise unrelated spe-
29, fig. 12.—Stock, 1991:227.
cies sharing these characters seems to be —
too much of a coincidence. Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30.
Almost all 18 species of this genus, ex- 4'N, 127°52.6'E, sta. RFB 1222, 42.7 m, 18
cept for two in Bermuda, Florida and the Jul 1984 (1 male—).
Caribbean, have been described from Indo- Distribution. Known previously only
West Pacific localities, principally from from two Philippine localities; the type was
southern Africa to Australia, New Zealand captured in 1-3 m, and the second was
and the East Indies. This is the second spe- found in 92-97 m. Its distribution is herein
cies to be collected (the first being P. nier- extended to Okinawa and to the interme-
straszi Loman) at what is apparently the diate depth—of 43 m.
northern extremes for this genus. Its capture Remarks. The bifurcate tubercles ofthe
strengthens the idea of a post-Tethyan trunk and ocular tubercles and the tubercles
north-south corridor brought about by of the first coxae are all slightly larger than
northerly currents which continued to flow those of the type which is apparently a fe-
as circumtropical currents after the closure male. This could be expected in amale. The
of the Tethys Sea. anterior ocular tubercle extension orprojec-
tion is apparently a common character in
Family Austrodecidae Stock, 1954 several Rhynchothorax species. This char-
Genus Austrodecus Hodgson, 1907 acter is shared withR. mediterraneusCosta,
Austrodecus tubiferum Stock, 1954 and R. percivali Clark. The shorter poste-
rior and longer anterior legs are an even
Austrodecus gordonae Stock, 1954:153
more common phenomenon among species
(part), fig. 76e.
of this genus.
Austrodecus tubiferum Stock, 1957:75—77,
fig. 43.—Nakamura & Child, 1988:669;
Family Pycnogonidae Wilson, 1878
1991:35.—Child, 1994:51 (list), 53
Genus Pycnogonum Briinnich, 1764
(text).—Stock, 1994:43-44, fig. 14b. Pycnogonum benokianum Ohshima, 1935
—
Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30.
Pycnogonum benokianum Ohshima, 1935:
4'N, 127°52.6'E, sta. RFB 1212, 6.1 m, 4 137-139.—Ohshima & Kishida, 1947:
JulDi1s9tr8i4bu(t1iosnp.e—c)T.his species was known 1010, fig. 2866.—Hedgpeth, 1949:304-
307, fig. 49.—Utinomi, 1971:327.—Nak-
only from Japan and Okinawa, in sublittoral &
amura Child, 1988:662 [text].
depths (37-184 m), and more recently from —
Mauritius and Rodriguez Islands in the In- Material examined. Okinawa, 26°30.
— —
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
O'N, 127°50.9'E, sta. RFB 1973, 3 m, 27 —. 1988b. Pycnogonida of the western Pacific
Aug 1988 (1 ma—le). islands. II—I. Recent Smithsonian-Philippine ex-
Distribution. This is the second known peditions. Smithsonian Contributions to Zo-
ology 468:1-32.
record for this species and it is known only —. 1991. Pycnogonidaofthe westernPacific is-
from Okinawa. Hedgpeth (1949) rede- lands, IX. A shallow-water Guam survey,
—
scribed and illustrated the types while sub- 1984. Proceedings of the Biological Society
sequent records only repeated the type in- ofWashington 104:138-146.
— 1994. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogon-
formation. .
Remarks.—This male reveals almost no ida, II. The Family—Austrodecidae. Antarctic
Research Series, 63. Biology ofthe Antarctic
variation from Hedgpeth's (1949:305, fig. Seas 23:49-99.
49) figures ofthe male type. The ovigers of Chimenz, C, M. Tosti, & V. Cottarelli. 1993. Taxo-
this specimen are slightly shorter but that nomical and ecological observations on Pyc-
may be due to the angle at which the type's nogonida from Apulian coasts (southern Ita-
ly).—Bolletim di Zoologia 60:339-347.
oviger was drawn. The trunk tubercles are
Costa, O. G. 1861. Microdoride mediterranea, o des-
slightly less conspicuous and lower than crizione de'poco ben comosciuti od affato ig-
those of the type, but the proboscis is bar- noti viventi minuti e microscopic! del Mediter-
rel-shaped like that of the type figured by raneo, etc. l:i-xvii, 1-80, pis. I-XII.
Hedgpeth. Dohrn, A. 1881. DiePantopodendesGolfesvonNea-
pel und der angrenzended Meeresabschnitte.
Monographic der Fauna und Flora des Golfes
Acknowledgments
von Neapel 3:1-252, pis. I-XVIH.
I wish to extend my gratitude to the col- Flynn, T T 1929. Pycnogonida from the Queensland
coast.-Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
lector, R. F. Bolland, for depositing his col-
9(3):252-260.
lections with the National Museum of Nat- Hedgpeth, J. W. 1948. The Pycnogonida ofthe—west-
ural History and to the personnel of the em North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Pro-
Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center ceedings oftheUnitedStatesNationalMuseum
for sorting the pycnogonids for my exami- 97(3216):157-342.
nation. . 1949. Report on the Pycnogonida collected
bythe—AlbatrossinJapanesewatersin 1900and
1906. Proceedings of the United States Na-
Literature Cited tional Museum 98(3231):233-321.
Briinnich, M. T 1764. Entomologia sistens Insecto- Hilton,W. A. 1942.—PycnogonidsfromAllanHancock
rumTabulasSystematicas,cumIntroductioneet expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedi-
tions 5(9):277-338.
Iconibus, etc.: 1-87. Hafniae.
Carpenter, G. H. 1892. Pycnogonids. Reports on the Hodge, G. 1864. List of the British Pycnogo—nidea
zoological collections made in Torres Straits by with descriptions ofseveral new species. An-
Prof. A. C. Haddon, 1888-89.—Scientific Pro- nals and Magazine of Natural History (3)13:
ceedings ofthe Royal Dublin Society 7(5)(40): 113-117, pis. XII, XIII. (? reprinted (1864) in
552-558. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists Field
Child, C. A. 1970. Pycnogonida ofthe—Smithsonian- Club 6:195, per Norman 1908).
Bredin Pacific expedition, 1957. Proceedings Hodgson, T. V. 1907. Pycnogonid—a. National Antarc-
oftheBiological SocietyofWashington83(27): tic Expedition 1901-1904. Reports oftheNa-
287-308. tional Antarctic Expedition of 1901-1904, Nat-
. 1982. Pycnogonida ofthe w—esternPacific is- ural History 3:1-72, 10 pis.
lands, I. The Marshall Islands. Proceedingsof Loman, J. C. C. 1—908. Die Pantopoden der Siboga-
the Biological Society of Washington 95:270- Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographic
281. 40:1-88, pis. I-XV.
. 1983. Pycnogonidaofthe western Paci—fic is- Miers,E.J. 1879. Crustacea(andPycnogonida)ofthe
lands, II. Guam and the Palau Islands. Pro- Trans—it of Venus Expedition, Kerguelen Is-
ceedings ofthe Biological Society ofWashing- land. Philosophical Transactions ofthe Royal
ton 96:698-714. Society ofLondon 168:200-214.
. 1988a. Pycnogonida from Aldabra Atoll. Munilla, T. 1993. Pycn—ogonids from southern Spain:
Bulletin ofthe Biological Society ofWashing- Fauna 1 Project. Journal of the Marine Bio-
ton 8:45-78. logical Association, U.K. 73:543-553.
— ——
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 3 539
Miiller, H.-G. 1989. Shallow-waterPycnogonidafrom surroundings of New Caledonia. Pp. 125-212
coral reefs at Moorea, Society Islands, withde- in A. Crosnier—, ed., Resultats des Campagnes
scription ofRhynchothorax tiahurensis n. sp. Musorstom, 8. Memoiresdu MuseumNation-
Bonner zoologische Beitrage 40(2):123-139. al d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A) 151.
Nakamura, K., & C. A. Child. 1988. Pycnogonidaof . 1991b. Pycnogonida of the MUSORSTOM
thewesternPacificislands,IV. Onsomespecies campaigns to the Philippines. Pp. 213-228 in
from the Ryukyu Islands.-Proceedings of the A. Crosnier,—ed., Resultats des Campagnes Mu-
BiologicalSocietyofWashington 101:662-670. sorstom, 8. Memoires du Museum National
P -, & . 1991—. Pycnogonida from waters d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A) 151.
adjacent to Japan. Smithsonian Contributions . 1992. Littoral Pycnogonida from Oman.
to Zoology 512:1-74. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 62(2):81-98.
Ohshima, H. 1935. [O—n a sea spider inhabiting the . 1994. Indo-west Pacific Pycnogonida col-
Okinawa region.] ^Dobutsugaku Zasshi 47(557): lected—by some major oceanographic expedi-
137-139. [In Japanese.] tions. Beaufortia44(3):17-77.
t,ra&tedK.enKciyschliodpae.dia194o7f.thPeantfoapuondaa.ofInJap[Ialnl.u]s:- Thomps5o0n1,-5W4.2 inD'SD.arEcyH.arm1e9r09&. BP.yEc.noSghoinpildeya,.edPsp...
1005-1010, 2855-2866. Tokyo: Hokuryukan. The Cambridge Natural History, London, Mac-
millan.
[In Japanese.] Thomson, G. M. 1884. On the New Zealand Pycno-
Stock,cJi.fiHc,.Au1s9t5r4a.liPayncnaongdoNniedwa ZferaolmanIdndwoa-tWeerss.t PPaa-- Tgroannisdaac,tiwointshanddescPrriopcteieodnisngosfofnetwhe sNpeecwiesZ.ea-
pers from Dr Th—. Mortensen's Pacific Expedi- land Institute 16(1883):242-248, pis. XIV-
tion 1914-1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser XVI.
^ fhraavnDa1n1s6:k1-N1a6t8u.rhistorisk Forening i Kj0ben- Utinomil,owH.wa1t9e7r1s.oRfeJcaopradns.—ofPPuybclincoagtoinoinsdaoffrtohmesSheatlo-
. 1—957. The pycnogonid family Austrodeci- Marine Biological Laboratory 18(5):317-347.
dae. Beaufortia 6(68):1-81. Verrill, A. E. 1900. Additions to the—Crustacea and
. 1974. Medio- and infralittoral Pycnogonida Pycnogonida of the Bermudas. Transactions
collected during the I.I.O.E.—near the landbase oftheConnecticutAcademyofArts&Sciences
on Nossi-Be, Madagascar. Bulletin Zodlo- 10(2)(15):580-582, pi. LXX.
gisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam Wilson, E. B. 1878. —Synopsis ofthe Pycnogonida of
4(3):11-22. New England. Transactions of the Connecti-
. 1991a. Deep-water Pycnogonida from the cut Academy ofArts and Sciences 5:1-26.
