Pursuing a Developmental State Trade Agenda in a Neo-Liberal Context

216 Pages·2015·1.82 MB·English

by  Luciana Hachmann

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Rainer Hampp Verlag ISBN 978-3-86618-398-8
München, Mering ISSN 2196-5382
2014 E 24.80
Rainer Hampp Verlag
0398 4C.indd 1 28.01.15 16:17
Pursuing a Developmental State Trade Agenda
in a Neo-Liberal Context
Labor and Globalization

Volume 7

Edited by Christoph Scherrer
Luciana Hachmann

Pursuing a Developmental State Trade
Agenda in a Neo-Liberal Context:

Brazil and South Africa in Comparison

Rainer Hampp Verlag München, Mering 2014
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche
Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the
Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

ISBN 978-3-86618-398-8
Labor and globalization: ISSN 2196-5382
First published 2014
Zugl.: Dissertation der Universität Kassel, Fachbereich
Gesellschaftswissenschaften, Luciana Hachmann, 07.03.14.

Cover picture by Ricardo Stuckert

© 2014 Rainer Hampp Verlag München, Mering
Marktplatz 5 86415 Mering, Germany
www.Hampp-Verlag.de

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or
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means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
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In case of complaints please contact Rainer Hampp Verlag.
Table of Contents

Chapter I. Introduction to the Research ......................................................... 1

Chapter II. The Developmental State and its Reception
in Brazil and South Africa .............................................................................. 11
Literature Review of Developmental State in a Neo-Liberal Era....................... 12
The Institutional and Political Bases of the East Asian Developmental
State “Success” ................................................................................................ 16
The Developmental State Debate after the Asian Financial Crisis:
Towards a Democratic Developmental State? ................................................. 21

Chapter III. State Theory ................................................................................ 33

Chapter IV. Policy Network Analysis ............................................................ 42
An Outline for a Dialectical Model of Policy Network Analysis ......................... 57
Integrating the Meso-Level Approach of Policy Network with Macro-Level
and Micro-Level Analysis.................................................................................. 60

Chapter V. Political Parties ............................................................................ 64
Theoretical Development of Political Parties .................................................... 65
Categories and Concepts in the Comparative Literature of Parties .................. 70
Political Parties and Trade Policy Formulation ................................................. 74

Chapter VI. Factional Politics ........................................................................ 79

Chapter VII. Summary of the Theoretical Approach, Hypotheses,
Research Methodology and Methods ........................................................... 85

Chapter VIII. The Developmentalist Turn in Trade Policy ........................... 98
Chapter IX. Political Parties, Factionalism and Policy in the Making ...... 111
The Worker´s Party and Trade Policy Partisanship ........................................ 112
The African National Congress and the “Multi-Hats” Politics .......................... 114
Push Factors for Party Influence in Policy Making ......................................... 117
Factional Politics in Comparative Perspective: PT and the ANC .................... 126

Chapter X. Mapping Trade Policy Network: Processes and Agencies .... 140

Chapter XI. Trade Policy in Brazil and South Africa:
A Dialectical Analysis of the Policy Network ............................................. 158

Chapter XII. Research Findings, Contributions of the Dissertation, and
Conclusion .................................................................................................... 171

References ..................................................................................................... 185
Appendix : Schedule of Interviews ................................................................. 204

List of Tables and Figures

Table 1 - Policy community and policy networks: the Rhodes typology ........... 48
Table 2 - Types of policy networks: characteristics of policy communities
and issue networks ........................................................................................... 49
Table 3 - Comparison of interest intermediation school and governance
school ............................................................................................................... 51
Table 4 - Indicators of different degrees of parties´ institutionalization ............. 69
Table 5 - Relationship between the genetic model and the level of
institutionalization ............................................................................................. 70
Table 6 - Differences of left-right factions in PT, 1993-1999 .......................... 132
Acknowledgement

This book is based on my PhD dissertation submitted to the Department of
Social Sciences at the University of Kassel in December 2013. I am thankful for
the supportive academic environment at the International Center for
Development and Decent Work (ICDD). It has been a great experience to be
part of an interdisciplinary initiative such as this one. I am also indebted to my
colleagues at the Department of Sociology and the Society, Work and
Development Institute (SWOP) at the University of Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg. They not only provided a wonderful environment to work but
they were important sources for a better comprehension of the South African
political and social contexts. Finally, I owe much to my family and friends for
their constant support and encouragement in my professional and personal
endeavors.

List of Abbreviations

ANC African National Congress
ANCYL African National Congress Youth League
AsgiSA Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa
BBA Black Business Associations
BBEE Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment
BNDES Brazilian National Developmental Bank
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
BUSA Business Unity South Africa
CDES Economic and Social Development Council
CEB Brazilian Business Coalition
CGT Confederação Geral dos Trabalhadores
CHAMSA Chambers of Commerce South Africa
CNI Brazilian National Confederation of Industries
CNI National Confederation of Industries
COECE Mexican Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations
COSATU Congress of South African Trade Unions
CUT Centra Única dos Trabalhadores
DIRCO Department of International Relations and Cooperation
DS Developmental States
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
EDD Economic Development Department
FS Força Sindical
FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas
GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution
IBSA India, Brazil, and South Africa
IDC Industrial Development Corporation
IMF International Monetary Fund
IPAP Industrial Policy Action Plan
ISI Import Substitution Industrialization
ITAC International Trade Administration Commission of South Africa