public bus transportation tracking and arrival time estimation using haversine abdul afnan bin basir

45 Pages·2017·1.26 MB·English

by  Abdul Afnan Basir

PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION TRACKING AND
ARRIVAL TIME ESTIMATION USING HAVERSINE

ABDUL AFNAN BIN BASIR

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(INTERNET COMPUTING)
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2017
PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION TRACKING AND ARRIVAL TIME
ESTIMATION USING HAVERSINE

ABDUL AFNAN BIN BASIR

Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing)
Faculty of Informatics and Computing
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

MAY 2017
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project is based on my own effort with helps getting information
from sources that I have confessing. All sections of the text and results which have been
obtained from other workers or sources are fully references. I understand that are cheating
and plagiarism constitute a breach of university regulations and will be dealt with
accordingly.

________________________________

Name : .............................................

Date :.................................................

i
CONFIRMATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and
citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously
or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or other
institutions.

________________________________

Name : ..................................................

Date : ..................................................

ii
DEDICATION

I am using this opportunity to express my greatest gratitude to everyone who
supported me throughout my final year project, Public Bus Transportation Tracking and
Arrival Time Estimation Using Haversine. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance,
invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice during the project work. I am
sincerely grateful to them for truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related
to the project.
Firstly, I express my thanks to Dr Azrul Amri Bin Jamal as my supervisor for guidance,
monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this final year project. I
want to take this opportunity to thank my parent and also special thanks to all lecturers of
Faculty Informatics and Computing for their attention, guidance and advice to help in the
development of this project.
I would also like to thanks all my friends and classmates for their valuable comments and
suggestions on this project which gave me an inspiration to improve this project. I thank all
the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete this project.

Thank you,
Abdul Afnan Bin Basir
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ABSTRACT

Urban communities are becoming more reliant to public transportation. Traffic congestion
differs based on the time of day and the route being taken. Thus, making the bus time table
unreliable and bus users are wasting time at bus stops waiting for transport to come. This
open the users to become prey to crimes because some of the bus stops are in secluded area.
The objectives of this study are to design an easy system using suitable interfaces and iconic
that fulfill the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and user friendly system that are can
used by all ages in this country that using public transportation. Secondly are to develop
the appropriate and usable system to facilitate users or passengers that using public
transportation daily especially bus. Lastly is to evaluate the effectiveness of this system
which are could avoid passengers from missed the bus. The method is being used is WDMS
which is require four phases which are user modelling, conceptual design, implementation
design and actual implementation. The technologies such as Global Positioning System
(GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), and Arduino. By the end of this
study, it is expected that the developed application can help peoples or bus passenger avoid
from missed the bus arrival time. This been done by user or passenger get notification from
the bus. The bus will update the latest location to the nearest bus station or bus stand.

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ABSTRAK

Masyarakat bandar masa kini banyak bergantung kepada system pengangkutan awam.
Keadaan trafik yang dilalui mereka berbeza berdasarkan hari dan laluan yang dilalui
mereka. Jadual harian bas awam yang dibuat membuatkan pengguna-pengguna bas
tertunggu-tunggu dan membuang masa di stesen bas. Hal yang demikian memyebabkan
mereka terdedah kepada jenayah kerana kebanyakan perhentian bas berada di kawasan-
kawasan terpencil. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mereka system yang mudah dan sesuai
untuk memenuhi kriteria Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer (HCI) dan mesra pengguna
yang dapat digunakan oleh semua lapisan masyarakat di negara ini yang menggunakan
sistem pengangkutan awam. Keduanya, sistem ini dibangunkan bertujuan membolehkan
semua pengguna yang menaiki pengangkutan awam berasa mudah untuk digunakan.
Ketiganya ialah untuk menilai sejauh mana keberkesanan system ini untuk mengatasi
pengguna-pengguna pengangkutan awam daripada terlepas bas. Metodologi kajian ialah
WDMS yang memerlukan empat fasa iaitu permodelan pengguna, reka bentuk pelaksanaan
dan pelaksaaan yang sebenar. Teknologi yang digunakan dlm kajian ini adalah Sistem
Kedudukan Global (GPS), Sistem Global untuk Komunikasi Mudah Alih (GSM) dan
Arduino. Di akhir kajian ini, jangkaan hasil yang dapat dinyatakan ialah sistem yang
dibangunkan dapat membantu pengguna mengatasi masalah ketinggalan bas. Hal ini
dapat diselesaikan dengan penumpang bas menerima ‘notification’ daripada sistem.
Sistem ini juga akan sentiasa memperbaharui maklumat, info serta lokasi bas yang
berhampiran dengan stesen bas atau perhentian bas.

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CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Problem statement 4
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Scopes and Limitation 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Public Transport Applications 8
2.2 Distance Calculation Techniques 13
2.2.1 Euclidean 14
11
2.2.2 Haversine
15
2.3 Summary 16

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Project Life Cycle 17
3.1.1 Planning Phase 19
3.1.2 Requirement Analysis and Specification 20
3.1.3 Design Phase 20
3.1.4 Implementation Phase 20
3.1.6 Deployment Phase 21
3.2 Gantt Chart 22
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3.3 System Requirement 23
3.3.1 Software 23
3.3.2 Hardware 24
3.4 System Design 25
3.4.1 Framework Design 25
3.4.2 Process Design 26
3.4.2.1 Context Diagram 26
3.4.2.2 Data Flow Diagram 27
3.4.3 Data Model 28
3.4.3.1 Entity Relational Diagram 28
3.4.3.2 Database Scheme 29
3.4.4 Interfaces 31
3.4.4.1 Passenger 31
3.5 References 33

vii
LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE
1.1 First table in chapter 1 10
1.2 Second table in chapter 1 11
2.1 First table in chapter 2 20
2.2 Second table in chapter 2 25

VIII