Table Of ContentМИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА»
Институт экономики и финансов
Кафедра «Лингвистика»
Н.И. Мерзликина
Public Administration
Хрестоматия
МОСКВА - 2020
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА»
Институт экономики и финансов
Кафедра «Лингвистика»
Н.И. Мерзликина
Public Administration
Хрестоматия
для студентов-магистров направления подготовки
38.04.02 «Менеджмент», профиля «Управление
имущественным комплексом»
МОСКВА - 2020
УДК 42
М 52
Мерзликина Н.И. Public Administration: Хрестоматия.
Для студентов-магистров направления подготовки 38.04.02
«Менеджмент», профиля «Управление имущественным
комплексом». – М.: РУТ (МИИТ), 2020. - 55 с.
Цель настоящей хрестоматии - совершенствование
умений владения профессиональным английским языком
для специалистов в области управления. Тексты пособия
аутентичны, профессионально ориентированы,
информативны, нацелены на ознакомление обучающихся с
различными сторонами деятельности государственных
служащих.
©РУТ (МИИТ), 2020
The notion of public administration
Public administration is the implementation of
government policy and also an academic discipline
that studies this implementation and prepares civil
servants for working in the public service. Public
administration is concerned with planning, organizing,
directing, coordinating, and controlling government
operations as well as the behavior of officials formally
responsible for their conduct.
Public administration is a feature of all nations.
Within nations public administration is practiced at the
central, intermediate, and local levels.
Indeed, the relationships between different levels of
government within a single nation constitute a
growing problem of public administration.
Many unelected public servants can be
considered to be public administrators, including
heads of city, regional, state and federal departments
such as human resources (H.R.) administrators, city
managers, and cabinet secretaries. Public
administrators are public servants working in public
departments and agencies, at all levels of government.
The body of public administrators is usually called the
civil service.
Traditionally the civil service is contrasted with
other bodies serving the state full time, such as the
military, the judiciary, and the police. In most
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countries, a distinction is also made between the home
civil service and those persons engaged abroad on
diplomatic duties. A civil servant, therefore, is one of
a body of persons who are directly employed in the
administration of the internal affairs of the state and
whose role and status are not political, ministerial,
military, or constabulary.
Senior civil servants are expected to advise,
warn, and assist those responsible for state policy and,
when this has been decided, to provide the
organization for implementing it. In some countries
entry requirements for a career in the higher civil
service stress qualifications in technical fields such as
accounting, economics, medicine, and engineering. In
other countries legal training is deemed appropriate,
and in others no specific technical or academic
discipline is required among candidates for senior
posts.
Civil services are organized upon standard
hierarchical lines. The hierarchy of offices is marked
by fixed positions, with well-defined duties, specific
powers, salaries and privileges. A recognized system
of internal promotion emphasizes the nature of the
hierarchical pyramid.
(Adapted from:
https://global.britannica.com/topic/public-
administration,
http://www.worldheritage.org/article/WHEBN000058
7618/Public%20administration)
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Vocabulary
implementation – реализация; осуществление
civil servants – государственные служащие;
чиновники
public service – государственная служба
officials – должностные лица; чиновники
intermediate – промежуточный; средний
to constitute – представлять (проблему)
public administrators – государственные
администраторы/руководители
human resources (H.R.) administrator –
администратор отдела персонала
cabinet secretary – член кабинета министров
the military – вооруженные силы; армия
the judiciary – судебные органы
engaged – занятый; вовлеченный
internal affairs – внутренние дела
constabulary – полицейский
senior civil servant – высшее должностное лицо
to deem smth appropriate – считать что-либо
необходимым
hierarchical – иерархический
internal promotion – внутреннее продвижение по
службе
Answer the questions:
1. What is meant by public administration?
2. What are the functions of public servants?
3. What levels is public administration practiced at?
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4. What constitutes a growing problem of public
administration?
5. Where do public administrators work?
6. What is the body of public administrators usually
called?
7. What bodies is the civil service traditionally
contrasted with?
8. What are civil servants directly employed in?
9. What are senior civil servants expected to do?
10. What are entry requirements for a career in the
higher civil service?
11. How are civil services organized?
The origins of public administration
Public administration has ancient origins. In
antiquity, in Egypt and Greece, the principal
officeholders were responsible for administering
justice and maintaining law and order. The Romans
developed a more sophisticated system under their
empire, creating distinct administrative hierarchies for
justice, military affairs, finance and taxation, foreign
affairs, and internal affairs. This elaborate structure
disappeared after the fall of the Roman Empire in
western Europe in the 5th century, but many of its
practices continued in the Byzantine Empire in the
east.
Early European administrative structures
developed from the royal households of the medieval
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period. Until the end of the 12th century official duties
within the royal households were ill-defined,
frequently with multiple holders of the same post.
Exceptions were the better-defined positions of butler
(responsible for the provision of wine), steward
(responsible for feasting arrangements), chamberlain
(often charged with receiving and paying out money
kept in the royal sleeping chamber), and chancellor
(usually a priest with responsibilities for writing and
applying the seal in the monarch’s name).
With the 13th century a separation began
between the purely domestic functions of the royal
household and the functions connected with governing
the state. The office of chancellor survived to become
the most important link between the old court offices
and modern ministries. The development of the
modern treasury or finance ministry can be traced
back to the chamberlain’s office in the royal
household.
Apart from justice and treasury departments
modern ministerial structures in Europe developed out
of the royal councils, which were powerful bodies of
nobles appointed by the monarch. From the division
of labor within these bodies, the monarchs’ secretaries
emerged as perhaps the first professional civil servants
in Europe. The proximity of the secretaries to the
monarch gave them more knowledge of royal
intentions and greater expertise in particular matters of
state than could be found among the more transient
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nobles on the council. The secretaries grew in
importance in the 15th and 16th centuries as they
became more or less full members of the council.
The distribution of functions among secretaries
was initially based upon geography. Later territorial
responsibilities began to give way to functional
responsibilities. For example, in England this
geographical allocation – with a secretary of the North
and a secretary of the South – persisted until 1782,
when the offices of home and foreign secretary were
created.
(Adapted from:
https://global.britannica.com/topic/public-
administration)
Vocabulary
officeholder – должностное лицо
to administer justice – осуществлять правосудие
to maintain law and order – поддерживать
правопорядок
sophisticated – сложный; изощренный
elaborate – сложный; замысловатый
royal household – королевский двор
medieval period – средневековье
ill-defined – недостаточно определенный
butler – дворецкий
steward – распорядитель
chamberlain – гофмейстер (королевского двора);
камергер
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chancellor – канцлер
seal – печать
to govern – управлять
treasury – казначейство
royal council – королевский совет
proximity – близость
expertise – компетентность; специальные знания
transient nobles – временные/преходящие дворяне
to give way to – уступить место (чему-либо)
allocation – распределение
to persist – сохраняться
Answer the questions:
1. What were the responsibilities of the principal
officeholders in antiquity, in Egypt and Greece?
2. How did the Romans develop the system of public
administration?
3. What happened after the fall of the Roman Empire?
4. What did early European administrative structures
develop from?
5. Were official duties within the royal households
well-defined until the end of the 12th century? What
were the exceptions?
6. What modern administrative structures date back
from the medieval period?
7. Who can be called the first professional civil
servants in Europe, and why?
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